William Harvey du Cros (19 June 1846 – 21 December 1918)[1] was a Dublin-born financier who became the founder of the pneumatic tyre industry by supporting development of the innovations of John Boyd Dunlop and mass-producing Dunlop's tyres.
Harvey du Cros | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Member of Parliament for Hastings (UK Parliament constituency) | |
| Preceded by | Freeman Freeman-Thomas |
| Succeeded by | Arthur Du Cros |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 19 June 1846 Dublin, Ireland |
| Died | 21 December 1918 (aged 72) |
| Political party | Conservative and Unionist Party |
| Spouse | Annie Jane Roy |
| Alma mater | The King's Hospital |
Later in life du Cros was described by the Revue Franco-Anglaise as dapper, below middle height and of robust build with an expressive face and a high forehead. Quite modest and of a retiring disposition his pleasant open face invited friendship and confidence. He seemed to have a ready willingness to listen.[2] Just 65 inches tall[3] and a noted athlete in his youth, he remained an enthusiastic cyclist and a skilful boxer into his middle age.[4]
He was briefly a Conservative Party politician in England.
Early career
editSon of Edouard Pierre du Cros who was of French Huguenot descent and Maria Molloy he was educated at The King's Hospital, Dublin. He married Annie Jane Roy in 1866 when he was just 20. Advised when aged 30 to take up sport for the sake of his health he made himself Ireland's boxing champion at two weights and Ireland's fencing champion as well as founding and captaining a team which won the Irish Rugby championship. By the time he reached his late-twenties du Cros had formed his six sons into a successful team of racing cyclists, The Invincibles. The team rode on solid tyred penny farthing bicycles. He was made president of the Irish Cyclists' Association.[5]
Pneumatic tyre industry
editTwo of his sons were beaten in a cycle race by a little-fancied competitor using John Boyd Dunlop's rudimentary pneumatic tyres. Seeing a commercial opportunity du Cros, now well known in Irish business circles and president of the Irish Cyclists' Association, managed to be invited to form a public listed company to exploit Dunlop's innovations. Friends of du Cros, J. M. Gillies and Dublin cycle agent William Bowden, also persuaded John Boyd Dunlop to join them to promote the new company. With his financial expertise, du Cros successfully floated the company's shares keeping all arrangements under his own control.[3][5]
In 1896, du Cros sold that company to a group of people including Ernest T. Hooley for 3 million pounds. The business was then refloated to the public as Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre Company in May 1896. Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre Company produced its first car tyre in 1900, considerably after Michelin. Later it began to diversify into aircraft tyres and golf balls.[5]
Du Cros helped finance the British army's first airship and organised the first motorized movement of British troops.[5]
Sons
editWithin a month of the foundation of the business his sons were recruited to be scattered to the four corners of the globe. They quartered the globe going wherever a cycle business existed.[3]
- 1= Frederick Hilary du Cros (1868–1917) twin eldest son[6] France
- 1= Alfred James du Cros (1868–1946) twin[7] North and South America
- 3. Arthur Philip du Cros (1871–1955)[8] England
- 4. Harvey du Cros junior (1872–1928) see below[9] North and South America
- 5. William Ernest du Cros (1874–1937)[10] Belgium
- 6. George Herbert du Cros (1875–1946)[11] Canada. Made the American continent's first pneumatic tyre in Chicago aged 16 in 1891.
Parliament
editHe was elected in the 1906 general election as Member of Parliament for Hastings in East Sussex.[12] He resigned from the House of Commons two years later because of ill health, by the procedural device of accepting the post of Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds. The resulting Hastings by-election of 3 March 1908 was won for the Conservatives by du Cros's son Arthur, later Sir Arthur du Cros, 1st Baronet du Cros.
William Harvey du Cros died at his house Inniscorrig Dalkey county Dublin on 21 December 1918 and was buried in a family vault at Finstock Oxfordshire.[13]
Harvey du Cros junior 1872–1928
editBorn in Dublin 15 March 1872 the son of Harvey du Cros (above) and his wife Annie Jane Roy he was one of six sons. His father sent him from England to America in 1892, still aged 19, to found a pneumatic tyre business there but he was unable to sign the necessary deeds until his 21st birthday. He formed a long enduring link with what became the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company. He later left his father's Dunlop business founding the Swift Motor Company and the Yellow Cab Company. He was also the importer of Mercedes motorcars to Britain beginning when few cars were made in Britain. With Frank Kayser of Kayser Ellison Steel a major backer of Herbert Austin when Austin formed his own business he was deputy chairman of the Austin Motor Company and held many other directorships. He died 1 November 1928 in Longwood Maidenhead and was interred at Finstock Oxfordshire.[14][15]
Du Cros co-owned the Motor Power Company with S. F. Edge and they imported the French Clement-Gladiator cars, often known as Gladiators, into the UK.[16]
References
edit- ^ "House of Commons constituencies beginning with "H" (part 2)". Leigh Rayment's House of Commons pages. Archived from the original on 29 October 2010. Retrieved 18 April 2009.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ as reported in: Sir Arthur Du Cros, Bt, Wheels of Fortune, a salute to pioneers, Chapman & Hall, London 1938
- ^ a b c Sir Arthur Du Cros, Bt, Wheels of Fortune, a salute to pioneers, Chapman & Hall, London 1938
- ^ Mr. Harvey Du Cros. The Times, Monday, 23 Dec 1918; pg. 6; Issue 41980
- ^ a b c d Martin Adeney, ‘Du Cros, (William) Harvey (1846–1918)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004
- ^ Deaths. The Times, Saturday, 19 May 1917; pg. 1; Issue 41482
- ^ Deaths. The Times, Monday, 23 December 1946; pg. 1; Issue 50641
- ^ Deaths. The Times, Monday, 31 October 1955; pg. 1; Issue 53365
- ^ Deaths. The Times, Friday, 2 November 1928; pg. 1; Issue 45040
- ^ Deaths. The Times, Monday, 27 September 1937; pg. 1; Issue 47800
- ^ Deaths. The Times, Wednesday, 27 March 1946; pg. 1; Issue 50411
- ^ Craig, F. W. S. (1989) [1974]. British parliamentary election results 1885–1918 (2nd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. p. 120. ISBN 0-900178-27-2.
- ^ Deaths. The Times, Monday, 23 December 1918; pg. 1; Issue 41980
- ^ Mr. Harvey Du Cros. The Times, Friday, 2 November 1928; pg. 19; Issue 45040
- ^ R J Wyatt, The Austin 1905–1952, David & Charles, Newton Abbott, 1981 ISBN 0715379488
- ^ Unique cars, Founding fathers – Gustave Clement