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Following the first hyperlink in the main text of an English Wikipedia article, and then repeating the process for subsequent articles, usually leads to the Philosophy article. In February 2016, this was true for 97% of all articles on Wikipedia[1] (including this one), an increase from 94.52% in 2011. The remaining articles lead to an article without any outgoing wikilinks, to pages that do not exist, or get stuck in loops.
There have been some theories on this phenomenon, with the most prevalent being the tendency for Wikipedia pages to move up a "classification chain". According to this theory, the Wikipedia Manual of Style guidelines on how to write the lead section of an article recommend that articles begin by defining the topic of the article. A consequence of this style is that the first sentence of an article is almost always a definitional statement, a direct answer to the question "what is [the subject]?"
Method summarized
editFollowing the chain consists of:
- Clicking on the first non-parenthesized, non-italicized link within the article body.
- Italics (or hatnotes) would cause uninteresting loops such as World Trade Organization linking to WTO (disambiguation) which links back to World Trade Organization
- Parentheses would pick up language links that quickly railroad the subject, such as Txorierri line linking to Basque language instead of Narrow-gauge railway
- Infobox links should be ignored, with the first infobox link (if applicable) generally being dictated by the structure of the infobox rather than the choices actively made by the authors of the article.
- Ignoring external links or red links (links to non-existent pages)
- Stopping when reaching "Philosophy", or a page with no links, or when a loop occurs[3]
Mathematician Hannah Fry demonstrated the method in the 'Marmalade', 'socks' and 'One Direction'[4] section of the 2016 BBC Documentary The Joy of Data.[5]
Origins
editThe phenomenon has been known since at least 26 May 2008, when an earlier version[6] of this page was created by user Mark J.[7] Two days later, it was mentioned in episode 50 of the podcast Wikipedia Weekly, which may have been its first public mention.[8]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Lamprecht, Daniel; Dimitrov, Dimitar; Helic, Denis; Strohmaier, Markus (2016-08-17). Evaluating and Improving Navigability of Wikipedia: A Comparative Study of Eight Language Editions (PDF). OpenSym, Berlin, Germany: Association for Computing Machinery. doi:10.1145/2957792.2957813. ISBN 978-1-4503-4451-7. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-09-04. Retrieved 2021-03-17.
- ^ http://www.xefer.com/wikipedia
- ^ The page Philosophy loops back to itself via the sixteen-article chain of Ancient Greek, Greek language, Modern Greek, Endonym and exonym, Name, Referent, Person, Reason, Logic, Logical reasoning, Logical consequence, Concept, Abstraction, Rule of inference, Philosophy of Logic, Philosophy.
- ^ 'Marmalade', 'socks' and 'One Direction'
- ^ The Joy of Data
- ^ earlier version
- ^ "Wikipedia:Getting to Philosophy". wikipedia.org.
- ^ "Wikipedia Weekly — Episode 50: Wikipedia Story". huffduffer.com.
External links
edit- A web page that renders links graphically in a tree (detects loops and uses the second link to always complete the process)
- Wikilope is a command line utility and Node.js library that can do various queries on Wikipedia pages, including the get to "Philosophy" effect.
- Getting to Philosophy, a Node.js library that allows to query any Wikipedia page and get the different pages names that will get to "Philosophy" (also avoids loops and use the second link)
- A YouTube video demonstrating this observation, which starts with a random article and eventually ends up in the article Philosophy
- Analysis showing that over 95% of Wikipedia articles get to Philosophy
- The alt-text of a webcomic at xkcd notes this phenomenon (see tooltip)
- West, Bob [at Wikidata] (2011-05-26). "Wikipedia's fixed point". dlab @ EPFL. Lausanne, Switzerland: Data Science Lab, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne. Archived from the original on 2022-05-23. Retrieved 2023-09-04.
- WikiLoopr, a tool designed to find loops when following the first link in articles.
- "The Only Way Is Essex + Wikipedia = philosophy". The Guardian.
- Lee, Amy (2011-11-14). "All Wikipedia Ends In Philosophy, Literally". The Huffington Post.
- Wikipedia Pages That Don't Lead to Philosophy an in-progress (unfinished) database of Wikipedia page loops that result in a page not leading to philosophy.
- Six Degrees of Wikipedia, an interactive tool to find paths between articles.
- Cultural Structures of Knowledge from Wikipedia Networks of First Links, a study that looks at how this phenomenon varies across languages.
- A video essay about "The Philosophy Game" and how an edit to Awareness broke it.