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The Scouting Fleet was created in 1922 as part of a major, post-World War I reorganization of the United States Navy. The Atlantic and Pacific fleets, which comprised a significant portion of the ships in the United States Navy, were combined into a new entity, the United States Fleet. Defined as "the principal naval force of the United States," the new fleet was composed of four elements: (a) the Battle Fleet, (b) the Scouting Fleet, (c) the Control Force, and (d) the Fleet Base Force. Under the general heading of "Forces Not Assigned to the United States Fleet" came six categories: (a) Asiatic Fleet; (b) Naval Forces, Europe; (c) Special Service Squadrons; (d) Submarine Divisions, Atlantic; (e) Submarine Divisions, Pacific; and (f) Naval District Forces. While there was a reorganization in 1930, and the renaming of the Battle Fleet and Scouting Fleet as the Battle Force and Scouting Force, this would be the core structure of the United States Navy until the beginning of World War II.
The Scouting Fleet (comprising battleships, cruisers, destroyers, submarines, and aircraft squadrons) was organized to conduct reconnaissance in force, in order to enable the Battle Fleet in its task of engaging, defeating, and destroying the main body of an enemy fleet. While there were numerous interwar exercises, and other deployments, the Scouting Fleet was initially primarily deployed in the Atlantic ocean, with the Battle Fleet in the Pacific ocean. [1]
Established in 1922, the fleet consisted mainly of older battleships and initially operated in the Atlantic ocean.[2] Returning from European waters on 21 October 1922, USS Utah became the flagship of BatDiv 6, Scouting Fleet, and operated with the Scouting Fleet over the next 3½ years.
In 1931, it was redesignated as the "Scouting Force." At this time, it consisted of the remaining cruisers and destroyers that were not with the Battle Force and a "Training Squadron" of three old battleships and eight destroyers. This force operated exclusively in the Atlantic and Caribbean Sea.[3]
In 1932, the force was moved to the Pacific. In 1940 it survived the division of the Fleet into the U.S. Pacific Fleet and the Atlantic Fleet, and served in the early part of World War II as an umbrella command for task forces.
Commanders
edit- VADM John Daniel McDonald (1922–1923) [4]
- VADM Newton A. McCully (June 20, 1923 - December 21, 1924)[5]
- VADM Josiah S. McKean (December 22, 1924 – September 3, 1926)
- VADM Ashley H. Robertson (September 4, 1926 – May 30, 1927)
- VADM Montgomery M. Taylor (June 1, 1927 - July 10, 1928)[6]
- VADM William Carey Cole (July 11, 1928 - June 13, 1930)
- VADM Arthur L. Willard (June 14, 1930 - June 23, 1932)
- RADM Frank Hodges Clark (June 24, 1932 - May 19, 1933)
- VADM Frank H. Brumby (May 20, 1933 - June 14, 1934)
- VADM Arthur J. Hepburn (June 15, 1934 - June 23, 1936)
- VADM William T. Tarrant (June 24, 1936 - July 2, 1938)
- VADM Adolphus Andrews (July 3, 1938 - February 1, 1941)
- VADM Wilson Brown (February 2, 1941 - March 1942)
References
edit- ^ Furer, Julius (1959). "Administration of the Navy Department in World War II, Chapter 4". Retrieved 24 August 2021.
- ^ Svonavec, Stephen. "The United States Navy, July 1, 1923". Retrieved 25 August 2021.
- ^ Morison, 28.
- ^ Nofi, Albert A. (2010). To Train The Fleet For War: The U.S. Navy Fleet Problems, 1923–1940. Washington, DC: Naval War College Press. ISBN 978-1-88-473387-1.
- ^ Dyer, George. "The Amphibians Came to Conquer: The Story of Admiral Richmond Kelly Turner, Chapter II". Retrieved 24 August 2021.
- ^ "Taylor Commands Scouting Fleet." The Hartford Courant. July 13, 1928, p. 6.
Bibliography
edit- Morison, Samuel Eliot (1948). Volume III, The Rising Sun in the Pacific. Boston and Toronto: Little, Brown and Company.
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