Prince Charles, Count of Flanders (Dutch: Karel, German: Karl; 10 October 1903 – 1 June 1983) was a member of the Belgian royal family who served as regent of Belgium from 1944 until 1950, while a judicial commission investigated his elder brother, King Leopold III of Belgium, as to whether he betrayed the Allies of World War II by an allegedly premature surrender in 1940 and collaboration with the Nazis during the occupation of Belgium. Charles' regency ended when Leopold was allowed to return to Belgium. Shortly after returning and resuming his monarchical duties, Leopold abdicated in favour of his son, Baudouin.
| Prince Charles | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Count of Flanders | |||||
 The Count of Flanders c. 1944 | |||||
| Regent of Belgium | |||||
| Regency | 20 September 1944 – 20 July 1950 | ||||
| Monarch | Leopold III | ||||
| Born | 10 October 1903 Brussels, Belgium | ||||
| Died | 1 June 1983 (aged 79) Raversijde, Belgium | ||||
| Burial | |||||
| Spouse |
Jacqueline Peyrebrune
(m. 1977) | ||||
| Issue | Isabelle Wybo | ||||
| |||||
| House | Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (until 1920) House of Belgium (1920 onwards) | ||||
| Father | Albert I of Belgium | ||||
| Mother | Elisabeth of Bavaria | ||||
During the Second World War Charles was known as General du Boc, in order to hide his identity for security reasons. He had an association with RAF Hullavington where many top officers from Allied nations were based or transported to and from.[1]
Early life
editBorn in Brussels, Charles was the second son of King Albert I of Belgium and Duchess Elisabeth in Bavaria. During World War I, the children of the Belgian royal family were sent to United Kingdom while King Albert I remained in Belgium behind the Yser Front. In 1915 Prince Charles began attending Wixenford School in Wokingham, Berkshire, and in 1917 proceeded to the Royal Naval College, Osborne, and two years later to Dartmouth. In 1926 he received the honorary rank of sub-lieutenant in the British Royal Navy,[2] with promotion to honorary lieutenant the following year.[3] Later in 1926 he returned to Belgium and began attending the Royal Military School of Brussels.
Regency
editPrince Charles was appointed Regent of Belgium when the German occupation of his country ended in 1944. The role of his elder brother King Leopold III during the Second World War, as well as Leopold's marriage to Mary Lilian Baels, was questioned and he became a controversial monarch.
Charles's regency was dominated by the events resulting from the German occupation and the controversies around his brother Leopold. This period had an important impact on events in later decades. During his regency, important economic and political decisions were taken.
Belgium managed to jump-start its national economy with the aid of American assistance provided under the Marshall Plan. The building sector was stimulated by government grants to repair war-damaged buildings and to build social housing. The financial sector was sanitized through the "Operation Gutt" (after its architect, Camille Gutt), whereby illegally gained profits during the war were targeted. A social welfare system was introduced and a system was set up to govern labour relations.
Furthermore, women obtained the right to vote in parliamentary elections in 1948.
Also during his regency the Benelux customs union was formed, Belgium became a member state of the United Nations, and the North Atlantic Treaty was signed.
In 1950, Charles's regency ended when Leopold III returned to Belgium and resumed his monarchical duties, following a plebiscite. Charles retired from public life, taking up residence in Ostend and becoming involved in artistic pursuits. Having taken up painting, he signed his works: "Karel van Vlaanderen" (Charles of Flanders).
He was the 377th knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Tower and Sword.
Charles had a natural daughter, Isabelle Wybo, born in 1938 as the result of a relationship with Jacqueline Wehrli, the daughter of a Brussels baker. Her existence was largely unknown until a biography of the prince was published in 2003. Wybo made an official appearance with her first cousin-once removed, Prince Laurent in 2012.[4]
He died on 1 June 1983 in Ostend, predeceasing his elder brother by a few months, and was buried at the Church of Our Lady of Laeken in Brussels.
In his will he left the Empress Josephine's diamond tiara to his sister, Marie-José.[5]
Alleged marriage
editIt is reported that Prince Charles, Count of Flanders, married Louise Marie Jacqueline Peyrebrune (16 February 1921, in La Réole – 15 September 2014, in Saint-Hilaire-de-la-Noaille), formerly Mrs. Georges Schaack, daughter of Alfred Peyrebrune and Marie Madeleine Triaut, in a religious ceremony in Paris on 14 September 1977. This marriage has been mentioned in every edition of the revived Almanach de Gotha. However L'Allemagne Dynastique doubts this assertion, affirming instead that not only was there no civil marriage but that there was also no religious one (which could not take place before a civil marriage, according to French Law).[6] No such religious marriage is registered in the Parish registers of Saint-Pierre-de-Montrouge, but a mere private blessing eight months after the death of her husband given by Father Marcelino Carrera was registered: "The private blessing uniting before God Charles Theodore Count of Flanders and Louise Marie Jacqueline Peyrebrune was given at Saint Peter's at the altar of the Sacred Heart on 14 September 1977. The mutual consent was received by your humble brother in Christ (Fr. Carrera) in the presence of Father Keller and witnesses (Comtesse Annie de Bergeret and Mme. Marie Jeannette Aurelie Menahes). The statement is also signed by the participants and witnesses." This was confirmed by private correspondence of Jacqueline Peyrebrune.[citation needed] She published her memoirs in two books: Love in Shadow - The Secret Garden of Prince Charles of Belgium (Editions Tarmeye, 1991) and Carnets Intimes (Editions Tarmeye, 1993).
Honours
editAncestry
edit| Ancestors of Prince Charles, Count of Flanders |
|---|
References
edit- ^ Raymond Welcomme Personal Memories of Two World Wars (January 1987)
- ^ "No. 33154". The London Gazette. 23 April 1926. p. 2778.
- ^ "No. 33262". The London Gazette. 1 April 1927. p. 2125.
- ^ "article, niewablad.be". Archived from the original on 8 October 2012.
- ^ "Magnificent antique diamond tiara". Christies.
- ^ L'Allemagne Dynastique, volume VII, p. 385
- ^ "Z". www.ars-moriendi.be. Archived from the original on 23 May 2021. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
External links
editMedia related to Prince Charles, Count of Flanders at Wikimedia Commons
- Official biography from the Belgian Royal Family website