Major General Mohammad Ali Jafari (Persian: محمدعلی جعفری, born 1 September 1957, also known as Aziz Jafari[2] and Ali Jafari[3]) is a retired Iranian military officer and former commander-in-chief of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) from 2007 to 2019. He was appointed by Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei on 1 September 2007, succeeding Major General Yahya Rahim Safavi.[4]
Mohammad Ali Jafari | |
|---|---|
 Jafari in 2019 | |
| Nickname(s) | Aziz Jafari Ali Jafari |
| Born | 1 September 1957 Yazd, Pahlavi Iran |
| Allegiance | Iran |
| Service | Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps |
| Years of service | 1981–2019 |
| Rank | Major general |
| Commands | Ground Forces |
| Battles / wars | |
| Awards |  3rd grade Fath Medal[1] |
According to a 2 September 2007 report by Radio Free Europe, Radio Farda, Jafari was close to the conservative subfaction, which included Mohsen Rezaee, the secretary of the Expediency Discernment Council and former commander of the IRGC and Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf, a former IRGC member and the mayor of Tehran. The replacement of Safavi was thought to be a move to strengthen the conservative faction as a counterweight to the radicalizers around President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, to whom Safavi was close .[3]
Jafari was seen as a tactician, organizer, and 'technical' military man, according to Radio Free Europe.[3] The EU's official journal said the three Iranian Revolutionary Guard members, Jafari, General Qasem Soleimani, and the Guard's deputy commander for intelligence, Hossein Taeb, were subject to sanctions for providing equipment and support to Syrian protesters.[5]
Biography
editJafari was born in Yazd and completed his primary and secondary education there. In 1977 he was admitted to Tehran University, where he studied civil (construction) technology. As a student, he participated in anti-Shah protests in Tehran, and was arrested and sent to jail for this. He represented his university department in the Islamic Organization of Tehran University.[2]
At the start of the Iran–Iraq War Jafari fought with the Basij paramilitary force. In 1981 he became a part of the Revolutionary Guards where he rose to serve as a commander of operative battlefields of south and west during the early 1980s. He also participated as an assistant[clarification needed] in the operation of Susangerd, and served as commander of the Ashura Battalion, as well as of the Garrisons of Qods and Najaf.[2]
After the war Jafari returned to university to complete his education, and in 1992 he received a degree in civil (construction) technology. In 1992 and 1993, he taught at the War University of the Revolutionary Guards.[6] He was appointed to head "a strategic research center to map out new defensive and military strategies in response to what Iran's leadership has seen as evolving threats in the Middle East", according to Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Jafari is said to have formed many of his ideas on unconventional, or asymmetric warfare at the research center.[3]
Prior to his appointment as leader of the guards, he was also the commander of Sar-Allah Headquarters in Tehran.[6] In 1999, according to Radio Farda, Jafari was among 24 IRGC commanders who signed a letter to President Mohammad Khatami, warning him that his liberalizing policies at a time of civil unrest in Tehran, threatened the country's leadership.[3]
Jafari is a brother-in-law of Mohammad Bagher Zolqadr, a former deputy interior minister.[3]
Asymmetrical warfare knowledge and ties to Iraq
editJafari's work on asymmetrical warfare strategies includes the use of Iranian terrain in mobile-defensive operations and relies on lessons and experiences learned in the Iran–Iraq War. Jafari said in Tehran on 3 September 2007, given "the enemy's" numerical or technological superiority, the IRGC would use asymmetrical warfare capabilities such as those used by Hezbollah in its 2006 conflict with Israel in Lebanon. Iranian strategy would also reflect the strengths and weaknesses of U.S. forces in Afghanistan and Iraq, he said.[3]
On 2 September 2007, Radio Farda reported Jafari had extensive fighting experience and close relations with the commanders of the former Badr Brigades of the Supreme Council of the Islamic Revolution in Iraq (SCIRI).[3]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Poursafa, Mahdi (20 January 2014). گزارش فارس از تاریخچه نشانهای نظامی ایران، از «اقدس» تا «فتح»؛ مدالهایی که بر سینه سرداران ایرانی نشسته است [From "Aghdas" to "Fath": Medals resting on the chest of Iranian Serdars]. Fars News (in Persian). Archived from the original on 21 January 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ a b c "Iran changes Revolutionary Guards commander". Reuters. 1 September 2007. Retrieved 2 September 2007.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Sepehri, Vahid. "Iran: New Commander Takes Over Revolutionary Guards". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Archived from the original on 20 October 2008. Retrieved 17 October 2007.
- ^ "Commander-in-chief of Sepah". farsnews.ir. September 2007. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
- ^ "Syria: Deadly protests erupt against Bashar al-Assad". BBC News. 24 June 2011. Archived from the original on 24 June 2011. Retrieved 24 June 2011.
- ^ a b فرمانده جديد سپاه پاسداران کيست؟ - ابتکار. Ebtekar (in Persian). 2 September 2007. Archived from the original on 28 October 2014. Retrieved 28 October 2014.