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A. Michael Noll

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VERTICAL-HORIZONTAL NUMBER THREE (1964) BY A. MICHAEL NOLL. Computer History Museum, California
A. Michael Noll
Born1939 (age 84–85)
Newark, New Jersey, U.S.
NationalityAmerican
EducationNew Jersey Institute of Technology
Polytechnic Institute of New York University
Engineering career
InstitutionsUniversity of Southern California
New York University

A. Michael Noll (born 1939, Newark, New Jersey) is an American engineer, and professor emeritus at the Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism at the University of Southern California. He served as dean of the Annenberg School from 1992 to 1994.[1] He was a very early pioneer in digital computer art and 3D animation and tactile communication.

Biography

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Noll has a B.S.E.E. from Newark College of Engineering (now part of New Jersey Institute of Technology), an M.E.E. from New York University, and a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn. He graduated from St. Benedict's Preparatory School in Newark, NJ, and after went down High Street to attend NCE.

Before joining the Annenberg School for Communication, Noll had a varied career in basic research, telecommunication marketing, and science policy. He worked in the AT&T Consumer Products and Marketing Department where he performed technical evaluations and identified opportunities for new products and services, such as teleconferencing and videotex.

He was Director of Technology Research and a Senior Affiliated Research Fellow at the Columbia Institute for Tele-information at Columbia University's Business School. He was affiliated with the Media Center at New York Law School, was a senior advisor to the Marconi Society, and was an adjunct faculty member of the Interactive Telecommunications Program at New York University's Tisch School of the Arts. He is an associate of the Quello Center at Michigan State University.

In the early 1970s, Noll was on the staff of the President's Science Advisor at the White House and was involved with such issues as computer security and privacy, computer exports, scientific and technical information, and educational technology.

From 1992 to 1994, Noll was dean of the USC Annenberg School for Communication for an interim period. During this time he formulated a broader vision of communication that resulted in a merger of USC academic units that study communication. He joined the faculty of the Annenberg School as a professor of communications in 1984 and became emeritus in 2006.

The electrical-engineering honor society Eta Kappa Nu awarded him Honorable Mention as an Outstanding Young Electrical Engineer in 1970.

Work

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Bell Labs in the early 1960s was extremely pioneering in the beginnings of digital computer art (A. Michael Noll), digital computer animation (Edward E. Zajac, Frank Sinden, and Kenneth C. Knowlton), and digital computer music (Max V. Mathews and John R. Pierce).

Noll spent nearly fifteen years performing basic research at Bell Labs in Murray Hill, New Jersey in such areas as the effects of media on interpersonal communication, three-dimensional computer graphics and animation, human-machine tactile communication, speech signal processing, cepstrum pitch determination,[2][3] and aesthetics.

Noll used a digital computer to create artistic patterns and formalized the use of random and algorithmic processes in the creation of visual arts.[4] His initial digital computer art was programmed in the summer of 1962 at Bell Telephone Laboratories in Murray Hill, NJ, making him one of the early innovators of digital computer art.

In 1965 Noll, along with two other pioneers within the field of early computer art, Frieder Nake and Georg Nees in Germany, exhibited publicly their computer art. During April 1965, the Howard Wise Gallery in New York City exhibited Noll's computer art[5] along with random-dot patterns by Bela Julesz. Later in 1965, Noll's digital computer art was exhibited along with the analogue computer art of Maughan Mason at the Fall Joint Computer conference in Las Vegas. Noll proposed in the 1960s that the digital computer might become a creative artistic medium.[6] All of his digital art was programmed in FORTRAN and FORTRAN subroutine packages that he wrote.

In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Noll constructed interactive three-dimensional input devices and displays and a three-dimensional, tactile, force-feedback ("feelie") device (US patent 3,919,691 "Tactile Man-Machine Communications System" filed May 26, 1971, issued November 1, 1975). This device was the forerunner of today's virtual-reality systems, and Noll suggested its use as a way for the blind to "feel" computer graphics. He also demonstrated the potential of scanned raster displays for computer graphics.[7] He was an early pioneer in the creation of stereoscopic computer-animated movies of four-dimensional hyper-objects, of a computer-generated ballet,[8] and of computer-animated title sequences for TV and film.[9]

His experiment comparing a computer-generated pattern with a painting by Mondrian was an early implementation of the Turing Test and an example of the use of digital computers in investigations of aesthetics.[10][11]

Personal life

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Noll had a decades-long friendship with Marika von Sydow, cohabitating as significant other persons and mutual muses, until her death in early 2023.

Noll archives

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Noll's papers and works are at the NYU Dibner Library, the Fleet Library at Rhode Island School of Design, the Huntington Library, the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, the Victoria and Albert Museum, the Museum of Modern Art, the Pompidue Musée national d’art moderne, Buffalo AKG Art Museum, ZKM Center for Art and Media, and other institutions.

Quotes

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* "As the technology progresses, increasing numbers of scientists, animators, artists, and others will use the graphic capabilities of computers coupled with devices for producing visual output."[12]

* “The computer may be potentially as valuable a tool to the arts as it has already proven itself to be in the sciences."[13]

* “Computers … will become more readily accessible with the net result that many more people, including artists, will become computer oriented. In time this new artistic medium will be exploited to produce previously unknown effects combining color, depth, motion, and randomness in creative combinations.”[14]

* “In the computer, man has created not just an inanimate tool but an intellectual and active creative partner that, when fully exploited, could be used to produce wholly new art forms and possibly new aesthetic experiences.”[15]

* “… the end result, no matter through what medium it was produced, should be judged for its own artistic merit. … I am quite excited by the prospects for the new artistic effects and beauty which will surely result from creative collaborations between artists and the computer.”[16]

* “What we really need is a new breed of artist-computer scientist.”[17]

Publications

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Noll has published over ninety professional papers, has been granted six patents, and is the author of ten books on various aspects of telecommunications, communications, and Bell Telephone Laboratories.[18]

He has been a regular contributor of opinion and columnist pieces to newspapers and trade magazines with over 150 published. He has been quoted frequently about telecommunications and the telecommunication industry by the media. He has been a reviewer of classical music performances for the Classical New Jersey Society.

References

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  1. ^ "A. Michael Noll".
  2. ^ Noll, A. Michael, “Short-Time Spectrum and Cepstrum Techniques for Vocal-Pitch Detection,” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 36, No. 2, (February 1964), pp. 296–302.
  3. ^ Noll, A. Michael, “Cepstrum Pitch Determination,” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 41, No. 2, (February 1967), pp. 293–309.
  4. ^ Noll, A. Michael, “Computers and the Visual Arts,” Design and Planning 2: Computers in Design and Communication (Edited by Martin Krampen and Peter Seitz), Hastings House, Publishers, Inc.: New York (1967), pp. 65–79.
  5. ^ Todorovic, Milos (2024). "AI and Heritage: A Discussion on Rethinking Heritage in a Digital World". International Journal of Cultural and Social Studies. 10 (1): 5. doi:10.46442/intjcss.1397403. Retrieved 4 July 2024.
  6. ^ Noll, A. Michael, “The Digital Computer as a Creative Medium,” IEEE Spectrum, Vol. 4, No. 10, (October 1967), pp. 89–95.
  7. ^ Noll, A. Michael, “Scanned-Display Computer Graphics,” Communications of the ACM, Vol. 14, No. 3, (March 1971), pp. 145-150.
  8. ^ Noll, A. Michael, “Choreography and Computers,” Dance Magazine, Vol. XXXXI, No. 1, (January 1967), pp. 43–45.
  9. ^ See title sequence of "Incredible Machine": "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-08-12. Retrieved 2015-10-04.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  10. ^ Noll, A. Michael, “Human or Machine: A Subjective Comparison of Piet Mondrian’s ‘Composition with Lines’ and a Computer-Generated Picture,” The Psychological Record, Vol. 16. No. 1, (January 1966), pp. 1–10.
  11. ^ Noll, A. Michael, “The Effects of Artistic Training on Aesthetic Preferences for Pseudo-Random Computer-Generated Patterns,” The Psychological Record, Vol. 22, No. 4, (Fall 1972), pp 449–462.
  12. ^ Noll, A. Michael, "Computer-Generated Three-Dimensional Movies," Computers and Automation, Vol. 14, No. 11, (November 1965), pp. 20-23.
  13. ^ Noll, A. Michael, “Choreography and Computers,” Dance Magazine, Vol. XXXXI, No. 1, (January 1967), pp. 43-45.
  14. ^ Noll, A. Michael, “Computers and the Visual Arts,” Design Quarterly No. 66/67, (1967), pp. 65-71.
  15. ^ Noll, A. Michael, “The Digital Computer as a Creative Medium,” IEEE Spectrum, Vol. 4, No. 10, (October 1967), pp. 89-95.
  16. ^ Noll, A. Michael, “Computer Animation and the Fourth Dimension,” AFIPS Conference Proceedings, Vol. 33, 1968 Fall Joint Computer Conference, Thompson Book Company: Washington, D.C. (1968), pp. 1279-1283.
  17. ^ Noll, A. Michael, “Art Ex Machina,” IEEE Student Journal, Vol. 8, No. 4, (September 1970), pp. 10-14.
  18. ^ Noll, A. Michael and Michael Geselowitz (Editors), Bell Labs Memoirs: Voices of Innovation, IEEE History Center (New Brunswick, NJ), printing by Amazon, 2011.
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