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Lessing-Othmer

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Lessing-Othmer is a romanization of Mandarin Chinese that was introduced by F. Lessing [de] and Dr. W. Othmer, who in 1912 printed their book „Lehrgang der nordchinesischen Umgangssprache“ („Course in the North Chinese Colloquial Language“) through the „Deutsch-Chinesische Druckerei und Verlagsanstalt“ in Qingdao while it was a German colony.

In 1979, the State Council of the People's Republic of China for Romanization ruled that translations of foreign-language publications should utilize Lessing-Othmer romanization in German-speaking countries, and Pinyin in English-speaking countries.[1]

Table

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The tones romanized differently from Pinyin are highlighted in blue.

Initial

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Bilabial Labiodental Alveolar Retroflex Alveolo-palatal Velar
Voiceless Voiced Voiceless Voiceless Voiced Voiceless Voiced Voiceless Voiceless
Nasal m [m]
ㄇ m
n [n]
ㄋ n
Plosive Unaspirated b [p]
ㄅ b
d [t]
ㄉ d
g [k]
ㄍ g
Aspirated p [pʰ]
ㄆ p
t [tʰ]
ㄊ t
k [kʰ]
ㄎ k
Affricate Unaspirated ds [ts]
ㄗ z
dsch [ʈʂ]
ㄓ zh
dj [tɕ]
ㄐ j
Aspirated ts [tsʰ]
ㄘ c
tsch [ʈʂʰ]
ㄔ ch
tj [tɕʰ]
ㄑ q
Fricative f [f]
ㄈ f
s [s]
ㄙ s
sch [ʂ]
ㄕ sh
hs [ɕ]
ㄒ x
h [x]
ㄏ h
Liquid l [l]
ㄌ l
j [ɻ~ʐ]
ㄖ r

Finals

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Coda
/i/ /u/ /n/ /ŋ/ /ɻ/
Medial ï [ɨ]
-i
ö [ɤ]
ㄜ e
a [a]
ㄚ a
e [ei]
ㄟ ei
ai [ai]
ㄞ ai
ou [ou]
ㄡ ou
au [au]
ㄠ ao
ën [ən]
ㄣ en
an [an]
ㄢ an
ung [ʊŋ]
ㄨㄥ ong
ëng [əŋ]
ㄥ eng
ang [aŋ]
ㄤ ang
örl [aɚ]
ㄦ er
/j/ i [i]
ㄧ i
[je]
ㄧㄝ ie
ia [ja]
ㄧㄚ ia
iu [jou]
ㄧㄡ iu
iau [jau]
ㄧㄠ iao
in [in]
ㄧㄣ in
iän [jɛn]
ㄧㄢ ian
iung [jʊŋ]
ㄩㄥ iong
ing [iŋ]
ㄧㄥ ing
iang [jaŋ]
ㄧㄤ iang
/w/ u [u]
ㄨ u
o [wo]
ㄨㄛ uo
ua [wa]
ㄨㄚ ua
ui [wei]
ㄨㄟ ui
uai [wai]
ㄨㄞ uai
un [wən]
ㄨㄣ un
uan [wan]
ㄨㄢ uan
ung [wəŋ]
ㄨㄥ ueng
uang [waŋ]
ㄨㄤ uang
/ɥ/ ü [y]
ㄩ ü
üä [ɥe]
ㄩㄝ üe
ün [yn]
ㄩㄣ ün
üan [ɥɛn]
ㄩㄢ üan

References

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  1. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica, 2004 edition, "Pinyin romanization" article