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|[[2009 Vietnamese census|2009]] |225643
|[[2019 Vietnamese census|2019]] |292536
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|footnote = Source: 1999, 2009, 2019<ref name=census2019>{{cite book
|footnote = Source: 1999, 2009,<ref name=census2009>{{cite book
| author = [[General Statistics Office of Vietnam]] | year = 2019 | url = https://www.gso.gov.vn/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Ket-qua-toan-bo-Tong-dieu-tra-dan-so-va-nha-o-2019.pdf | title = "Completed Results of the 2019 Viet Nam Population and Housing Census" | publisher = Statistical Publishing House (Vietnam) | isbn= 978-604-75-1532-5 }}</ref>
| author = [[General Statistics Office of Vietnam]] | year = 2009 | url = https://www.gso.gov.vn/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/KQ-toan-bo.pdf | title = "THE 2009 VIETNAM POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS: COMPLETED RESULTS" | publisher = Statistical Publishing House (Vietnam) | isbn= 978-604-75-1532-5 |page=6}}</ref> 2019<ref name=census2019>{{cite book
| author = [[General Statistics Office of Vietnam]] | year = 2019 | url = https://www.gso.gov.vn/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Ket-qua-toan-bo-Tong-dieu-tra-dan-so-va-nha-o-2019.pdf | title = "Completed Results of the 2019 Viet Nam Population and Housing Census" | publisher = Statistical Publishing House (Vietnam) | isbn= 978-604-75-1532-5 |page=6}}</ref>
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Revision as of 18:09, 7 September 2024

Cầu Giấy district
Quận Cầu Giấy
Urban district
Dịch Vọng village's gate titled
"Cốm of village Vòng"
Hà Temple
Paper Bridge and
Tô Lịch River
Hanoi National University of Education
Vietnam Museum of Ethnology
Cầu Giấy park
Cầu Giấy metro station
Skyline view of new estate developments
Map
Coordinates: 21°02′N 105°47′E / 21.03°N 105.79°E / 21.03; 105.79
Country Vietnam
RegionRed River Delta
ProvinceHanoi
Commune-level town founding13 October 1982
District founding1 September 1997
Wards8[1]
Government
 • TypeDistrict-level government
 • People's Committee PresidentBùi Tuấn Anh
 • People's Council PresidentNguyễn Văn Chiến
 • District's Committee SecretaryTrần Thị Phương Hoa
Area
[1]
 • Total12.32 km2 (4.76 sq mi)
Population
 (2019)[2]
 • Total292,536
 • Density24,000/km2 (61,000/sq mi)
GRDP
[3]
 • Total235.920 billion VND, US$9.83 billion (2023)[a]
Time zoneUTC+7 (ICT)
Postal codes in Vietnam
113xx
Area code24
Websitecaugiay.hanoi.gov.vn

Cầu Giấy is an urban district of Hanoi, the capital city of Vietnam. It is located roughly to the west of urban Hanoi. Cầu Giấy has an unique urban landscape, with new urban developments interlacing old historical neighborhoods with vestiges of traditional artisan economy. The most well-known of them is the Dịch Vọng Village (nicknamed Cốm Vòng) with its popular cốm dessert.

With a population of roughly 300 thousand, Cầu Giấy hosts many administrative and corporate headquarters within the Trung Hoà–Nhân Chính urban area. Cầu Giấy is also considered to be an education hub of Hanoi due to its high concentration of universities and magnet schools. About two-third of Cầu Giấy district's source of income comes from the service sector (mainly from small businesses) and one-third comes from the manufacturing sector.[4] The district contains only a few tourist landmarks such as Vietnam Museum of Ethnology, Hà Temple, and Mai Dịch Cemetery.

Present-day Cầu Giấy district was a rural agricultural area, scattered by a few artisanal villages, and lay within Từ Liêm, a periphery district of Thăng Long city. On 22 November 1996, the area was officially splitted from Từ Liêm and incorporated into a district, taking its name from a nearby bridge also named Cầu Giấy (lit. "Paper Bridge"). It experienced very rapid urbanization and public infrastructure development since the 2000s, causing intense gentrification in the process. It is expected by the late 2020s that all of Cầu Giấy's area will contain urban developments with no farmland left.

History

Monarchal period

Present-day Cầu Giấy district was a rural agricultural area and lay within the periphery of Thăng Long. Cầu Giấy was part of Từ Liêm district, under the jurisdiction of Quốc Oai prefecture, Sơn Tây province.[5] The Paper Bridge, namesake of Cầu Giấy district, was just a small bridge crossing over Tô Lịch River existed for many centuries. The name was taken from papermaking villages nearby the bridge.[6] There is a myth that the gate to Thăng Long named Ô Cầu Giấy (lit. "Cầu Giấy Gate") was situated at that spot before it was destroyed by the French colonists, but historians determined that the gate was probably at a parking lot at Kim Mã street near the Presidential Palace.[7]

The area has several artisanal villages that has existed for centuries. Nghĩa Đô village was known for producing sắc paper, a special type of paper used to write royal edicts, and for being one of the earliest places in Hanoi to weave silk and brocade. Thượng Yên Quyết and Yên Hòa villages were specialized in papermaking. Vòng village has a long-standing tradition of producing cốm and An Phú village in Nghĩa Đô was known for making malt candy. Giàn village in Trung Hòa was renowned around Hanoi for making incense sticks.[5]

In present-day Nghĩa Đô ward, there is a temple dedicated to general Trần Công Tích and a shrine honoring the Lê sisters, who assisted emperor Lê Hoàn in the Song–Đại Cồ Việt war in 981. The Dụ Ân Pagoda was where emperor Lý Công Ẩn, a member of the Lý dynesty, frequently practiced Buddhism.[5]

The historic Paper Bridge, taken around 1884–1885

In the 12th year of Emperor Minh Mạng's reign (1831), the Nguyễn dynasty carried out administrative reforms, dividing the country into 29 provinces. The capital, Thăng Long, became a provincial city, and the area fell under Hoài Đức prefecture in Hà Nội province.[5] The Battle of Cầu Giấy in 1883 was fought near the Paper Bridge.[8] By the end of 1889, it became part of An Hạ canton, Hoàn Long district. In 1915, Hoàn Long district was merged into Hà Đông province, and by 1918, the area was under Hoài Đức prefecture in Hà Đông province. In early 1943, the area separated from Hà Đông and was placed under the special administration of Hà Nội (Hoàn Long special district).[5]

Republic period

In mid-1941, Cầu Giấy was chosen by the Viet Minh as a secret base, serving as a key communication hub. By 1945, Cầu Giấy became a strategic location in Hanoi for organizing the August Revolution. On the evening of August 15, 1945, the key revolutionists at Hanoi convened an emergency meeting at Hà Temple. On the evening of August 16, 1945, at a residential house in Dịch Vọng Tiền village, Cầu Giấy, the revolutionists planned to launch the uprising on the morning of August 19 against the colonial government.[5]

After the successful revolution, the revolutionary government again performed administrative reforms. In May 1946, the area became part of the Đại La district on the outskirts of Hà Nội. In 1947, it was placed under District IV, later known as Trấn Tây district. From 1949 to 1954, it was under a rural district.[vague] After the liberation of the capital, from 1956, it was part of District VI. In 1961, when Hà Nội expanded its boundaries, the city abolished the urban districts and established four inner-city districts and four suburban districts, with Từ Liêm district being reinstated, incorporating the land of Districts V and VI.[5]

Establishment of the district

The modern incarnation of Cầu Giấy district was formulated on 22 November 1996,[9][10] via the merger of four towns (Cầu Giấy, Nghĩa Đô, Nghĩa Tân, Mai Dịch) and three communes (Dịch Vọng, Yên Hòa, Trung Hòa) within the old Từ Liêm district. All towns and communes were reclassified to wards, and Cầu Giấy town was renamed to Quan Hoa ward.[10] The edict went to effect on 1 September 1997.[11][9]

The district's establishment in 1996 was a decade after Đổi Mới economic reforms was initiated in 1986, when Vietnam was one of the least-developed countries.[10] In 1997, Cầu Giấy district's gross regional domestic product (GRDP) is 120 billion VND[5] (10.8 million USD in that year's exchange rate);[12] two decades later in 2016, Cầu Giấy's GRDP is 206,000 billion VND[5] (9050 million USD in that year's exchange rate),[13] a two orders of magnitude increase. During this period, the agricultural sector of the district had effectively disappeared.[5] One of the reason for the GRDP growth is the construction of real estates in the district; from 2004 to 2017, 11 new urban areas totaling 108,000 square metres (27 acres) was auctioned off to private developers.[11]

There have been some slight changes to the district's boundary since its founding. On 5 January 2005, Quan Hoa and Dịch Vọng ward's border was adjusted to form the new Dịch Vọng Hậu ward.[14] On 1 January 2021, the border of Nghĩa Tân and Mai Dịch wards was expanded, annexing parts of nearby Bắc Từ Liêm and Nam Từ Liêm district.[15]

Wushu events at the 2021 SEA Games took place at Cầu Giấy District Sporting Hall.[16] On April 14, 2023, as a major point in United States–Vietnam relations, a new $1.2 billion U.S. embassy compound spanning 3.2 hectares will be located in Cầu Giấy and will be leased for 99 years.[17]

Geography

Cầu Giấy district situates roughly to the west of urban Hanoi. is located to the west Tô Lịch River. The district is bordered by Ba Đình and Đống Đa districts to the east, with the Tô Lịch River as the boundary. It is adjacent to Nam Từ Liêm district to the west, Thanh Xuân district to the south, and Tây Hồ and Bắc Từ Liêm districts to the north.[18]

Like Hanoi, under the Köppen climate classification Cầu Giấy district has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa).[19]

Neighborhoods

Modern wards and residential areas

Administratively, Cầu Giấy district is divided into eight wards (phường) with names loosely inspired from historical villages in the area: Dịch Vọng, Dịch Vọng Hậu, Mai Dịch, Nghĩa Đô, Nghĩa Tân, Quan Hoa, Trung Hòa, Yên Hòa.[20] According to a 2018 government survey, the district has an area of 12.32 km2 (4.76 sq mi).[1]

Trung Hoà - Nhân Chính is a designated commercial center in Cầu Giấy. It lies partly in the southern part of the district (Trung Hoà ward).

Historical villages

1935 map of Cầu Giấy showing some of the artisanal villages

Before Cầu Giấy area was urbanized, the area was a large patch of farmland plotted by lakes and dotted by artisanal villages, filled with wooden houses. These houses by the late 20th century were gradually transformed into modern tube houses and house footprint maximization turned the former dirt ground into a maze of concrete alleyways.[21]

Most villages in Cầu Giấy have a specialized craft,[7] a Nôm and a Hanzi name; the Nôm name is likely to be simpler and the original name of the village.[22] For the list of artisanal villages below, the Hanzi name is placed first and the Nôm name is placed in brackets:

  1. Dịch Vọng Tiền (probably originally "Tiền Trang") is now in Dịch Vọng ward. The village has four hamlets named Duệ, Tăng, Miễu, Vỹ. Vỹ is the most recent hamlet established around a century ago by villagers at Duệ hamlet.[23]
  2. Dịch Vọng Trung (probably originally "Trung Trang")[23] is now in Dịch Vọng ward. The village has three hamlets named Hà, Thọ, Tháp. The village also has the large Hà Temple [vi] (literally "temple of Hà hamlet") that existed before the late 17th century.[24]
  3. Dịch Vọng Hậu (probably originally "Trung Hậu")[23] is now in Dịch Vọng ward. The villagers maintained the Thánh Chúa Temple and Hoài Đức Fort. The Thánh Chúa Temple is now within the Vietnam National University Hanoi campus but the Hoài Đức Fort has been destroyed.[25]
  4. Thượng Yên Quyết (Giấy) is now in Yên Hòa and Quan Hoa wards. The village is focused on papermaking and producing textiles. It has many literates who passed the imperial examination and become government officials.[26]
  5. Trung Kính Hạ (Giàn) is now in Trung Hòa ward. It is mainly an agricultural village though some families also produced incenses. The village also has a small Báo Ân temple with a bell made in 1693 (Chính Hòa 13).[27]
  6. An Phú is now in Nghĩa Đô ward. The village's name means "wishing for good luck and wealth". It is known for its confectionaries such as sugar candy and douhua. It also has a communal house for Shennong.[28]
  7. Tiên Thượng (Tân) is now in Nghĩa Đô ward.
  8. Trung Nha (Nghè) is now in Nghĩa Đô ward.
  9. Vạn Long (Dâu) is now in Nghĩa Đô ward.

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.
1999 -
2009 225,643
2019 292,536
Source: 1999, 2009,[29] 2019[2]

Culture

Compare to other districts in Hanoi, Cầu Giấy has a high concentration of educational institutions.[30] During the academic year, thousands of students from surrounding districts and provinces stay in the area, creating a small economy around student life. For instance, near the Hanoi Vietnam National University is the Nhà Xanh marketplace [vi] (lit. Green House). Till the 2000s, the marketplace mainly sell groceries, but by the 2020s, like many smaller market around Cầu Giấy, the Nhà Xanh marketplace mainly sells counterfeit clothings, jewelery, footware imported from China as well as cheap snacks.[31]

Cầu Giấy also hosts a few museums and cultural institutions, such as the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology and Vietnam National Museum of Nature. The district also have a few Zen and Buddism temples, such as Hà Temple and Hoa Lăng Pagoda.[5] Mai Dịch Cemetery houses the graves of Communist government leaders and famous revolutionaries.[32]

In terms of music, Cầu Giấy district is the headquarter of Vietnam National Symphony Orchestra at 226 Cầu Giấy Road[33] and has several café centered around Trịnh Công Sơn's music.[34][35]

Government

Like most roles in the Communist Party of Vietnam, leadership roles in Cầu Giấy district are not democratically elected by the citizens but rather appointed by the People's Committee or the Communist Party itself.[36]

Appointments by Cầu Giấy's Communist Party
Year Congress District's Committee Secretary
(Bí thư Quận ủy)
2025 7th TBD
2020 6th Trần Thị Phương Hoa[37][38]
2019 5th
2018 Vacant, died in office[39]
2015 Lê Văn Luân[39][40]
2010 4th
2005 3rd Nguyễn Đức Hướng[41]
2000(?) 2nd Vũ Hồng Khanh(?)
1997 1st Trần Văn Thông(?)
Appointments by Cầu Giấy's People Committee
Year Congress People's Committee President
(Chủ tịch UBND) 		People's Council President
(Chủ tịch HĐND)
2026 7th TBD TBD
2021 6th Bùi Tuấn Anh[36] Nguyễn Văn Chiến[42][43]
2016 5th
2011 4th Dương Cao Thanh[44] Lê Văn Luân[44]
2006(?) 3rd Bùi Trương Luân[45]
2004 2nd Nguyễn Quang Thuận(?)[46]
2001(?) (?)
1997 1st (?) (?)

Public facilities

Education and academies

Hanoi – Amsterdam High School is one of the most prestigious high school in Vietnam.[47]

Cầu Giấy host the main Hanoi campus of the Vietnam National University university system, which includes the University of Languages and International Studies. Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam National University are the two largest university systems in Vietnam. Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) is the premier research instution in Hanoi.

Other universities that have campus in the district includes Hanoi National University of Education, Thuongmai University, Hanoi Metropolitan University, University of Labour and Social Affairs, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (within the campus of VAST), Hanoi Financial and Banking University, Hanoi Community College and Phuong Dong University.

Notable academies that are in the district include the Academy of Journalism and Communication, Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics, Hanoi Academy of Theatre and Cinema, Vietnam Academy of Dance, and Vietnam Judicial Academy. The district also hosts two national-level military academies in Vietnam: Military Technical Academy and National Defense Academy.

Cầu Giấy hosts three magnet schools: Hanoi – Amsterdam High School, Foreign Language Specialized School, and High School for Gifted Students within Hanoi National University of Education. Notable schools that have an international curriculum are the Korean International School in Hanoi and Nguyễn Siêu School.[48]

Green spaces

Like Hanoi, Cầu Giấy is lacking greenspaces. There are only two parks serving the whole city – Cầu Giấy park and Nghĩa Đô park – both are heavily degraded and in need of repair as of 2024.[49]

Healthcare

Transportation

The historic Paper Bridge has now become part of a large four-lane two-way Cầu Giấy Road leading towards National Route 32. The district currently has one metro line, Hanoi Metro Line 3.

Notes

  1. ^ Assuming average conversion rate of 24,000 VND = 1 USD in 2023

References

  1. ^ a b c "Niên giám thống kê năm 2018". Archived from the original on 3 June 2021. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  2. ^ a b General Statistics Office of Vietnam (2019). "Completed Results of the 2019 Viet Nam Population and Housing Census" (PDF). Statistical Publishing House (Vietnam). p. 6. ISBN 978-604-75-1532-5.
  3. ^ Nhi, Vân (2 January 2024). "Cầu Giấy nhiều điểm sáng trong phát triển kinh tế - xã hội". Báo Kinh tế đô thị - Đọc tin tức thời sự kinh tế 24h mới nhất (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 1 May 2024.
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  40. ^ hanoimoi.vn (29 October 2010). "Danh sách Ban Chấp hành Đảng bộ thành phố Hà Nội khóa XV (Nhiệm kỳ 2010 - 2015)". hanoimoi.vn (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 7 September 2024.
  41. ^ "Đồng chí Nguyễn Phú Trọng được bầu lại làm Bí thư Thành ủy". Báo điện tử Tiền Phong (in Vietnamese). 23 December 2005. Retrieved 7 September 2024.
  42. ^ "Hà Nội: Bầu lãnh đạo chủ chốt quận Cầu Giấy, Long Biên". Báo điện tử Tiền Phong (in Vietnamese). 28 June 2021. Retrieved 7 September 2024.
  43. ^ Nhi, Vân (17 April 2020). "Quận Cầu Giấy có Chủ tịch Hội đồng Nhân dân mới". Báo Kinh tế đô thị - Đọc tin tức thời sự kinh tế 24h mới nhất (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 7 September 2024.
  44. ^ a b "HĐND quận Cầu Giấy nhiệm kỳ 2011-2016 tổ chức kỳ họp thứ nhất". baochinhphu.vn (in Vietnamese). 16 June 2011. Retrieved 7 September 2024.
  45. ^ "Hệ lụy nghiêm trọng tiềm ẩn từ quy hoạch đô thị bát nháo, lộn xộn: Bài học quản lý trật tự xây dựng tại quận Cầu Giấy | Dân nguyện | Tạp chí mặt trận Online". tapchimattran.vn (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 7 September 2024.
  46. ^ PHÙNG, TUẤN (24 September 2003). "Tạm đình chỉ công tác phó phường Dịch Vọng, Hà Nội". TUOI TRE ONLINE (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 7 September 2024.
  47. ^ Tâm, Dương (26 June 2020). "Có nên bỏ trường chuyên?". vnexpress.net (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 1 May 2024.
  48. ^ Hạ, Anh (1 September 2019). "Hà Nội công bố danh sách trường học có yếu tố nước ngoài". VietNamNet (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 1 May 2024.
  49. ^ "Hiện trạng 2 công viên lớn nhất Cầu Giấy sắp được cải tạo, nâng cấp". VOV.VN (in Vietnamese). 17 March 2024. Retrieved 7 September 2024.
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