쌓다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 쌓다〮 (Yale: ssàh-tá).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [s͈a̠tʰa̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [싸타]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	ssata
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	ssahda
McCune–Reischauer?	ssat'a
Yale Romanization?	ssahta

Verb

Korean verb set

Base	쌓다 (ssata)
Passive	쌓이다 (ssaida)

쌓다 • (ssata) (infinitive 쌓아, sequential 쌓으니) (transitive)

쌓다

1. (literal, figurative) to stack up, to pile up

   돌을 쌓다 ― dor-eul ssata ― to stack up stones

   덕을 쌓다 ― deog-eul ssata ― to cultivate one's virtue

   실력을 쌓다 ― sillyeog-eul ssata ― to undergo training (literally, “to pile up one's talent”)

   나무 토막을 차곡차곡 쌓았다.

   Namu tomag-eul chagokchagok ssaatda.

   I piled up blocks of wood in order.

2. to build by stacking up; to erect, to raise

   담을 쌓다 ― dam-eul ssata ― to build a wall; to erect a wall

   성곽을 쌓다 ― seonggwag-eul ssata ― to raise castle walls

3. (especially dialectal, Gyeongsang, Chungcheong, Jeolla dialect, auxiliary, with 어/아) to keep..., to be ...ing; denotes repeated or continuous action.

   난리를 지겨샇고 […] (Gyeongsang dialect, Changwon) ― nalli-reul jigyeo-sako [ … ] ― They keep making a ruckus […]

   좋아사서 죽는다 (Gyeongsang dialect, Changwon) ― joa-saseo jungneunda ― He likes it enough to die

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 쌓다 (ssata): consonant-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	쌓는다 ssanneunda	쌓아 ssaa	쌓아요 ssaayo	쌓습니다 ssaseumnida
	Past	쌓았다 ssaatda	쌓았어 ssaasseo	쌓았어요 ssaasseoyo	쌓았습니다 ssaatseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	쌓느냐 ssanneunya	쌓아 ssaa	쌓아요 ssaayo	쌓습니까 ssaseumnikka
	Past	쌓았느냐 ssaanneunya	쌓았어 ssaasseo	쌓았어요 ssaasseoyo	쌓았습니까 ssaatseumnikka
Hortative		쌓자 ssacha	쌓아 ssaa	쌓아요 ssaayo	쌓으십시다 ssa'eusipsida
Imperative		쌓아라 ssaara	쌓아 ssaa	쌓아요 ssaayo	쌓읍시오 ssa'eupsio
Assertive		쌓겠다 ssaketda	쌓겠어 ssakesseo	쌓겠어요 ssakesseoyo	쌓겠습니다 ssaketseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		쌓아 ssaa	쌓아서 ssaaseo	쌓으니 ssa'euni	쌓으니까 ssa'eunikka
Contrast		쌓지만 ssachiman	쌓는데 ssanneunde	쌓더니 ssateoni
Conjunction		쌓고 ssako
Condition		쌓으면 ssa'eumyeon	쌓아야 ssaaya
Motive		쌓으려고 ssa'euryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		쌓음 ssa'eum	쌓기 ssaki
Past-tense verbal nouns		쌓았음 ssaasseum	쌓았기 ssaatgi
Determiners	Past	쌓은 ssa'eun
	Present	쌓는 ssanneun
	Future	쌓을 ssa'eul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	쌓으신다 ssa'eusinda	쌓으셔 ssa'eusyeo	쌓으세요, 쌓으셔요 ssa'euseyo, ssa'eusyeoyo	쌓으십니다 ssa'eusimnida
	Past	쌓으셨다 ssa'eusyeotda	쌓으셨어 ssa'eusyeosseo	쌓으셨어요 ssa'eusyeosseoyo	쌓으셨습니다 ssa'eusyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	쌓으시느냐 ssa'eusineunya	쌓으셔 ssa'eusyeo	쌓으세요, 쌓으셔요 ssa'euseyo, ssa'eusyeoyo	쌓으십니까 ssa'eusimnikka
	Past	쌓으셨느냐 ssa'eusyeonneunya	쌓으셨어 ssa'eusyeosseo	쌓으셨어요 ssa'eusyeosseoyo	쌓으셨습니까 ssa'eusyeotseumnikka
Imperative		쌓으시라 ssa'eusira	쌓으셔 ssa'eusyeo	쌓으세요 ssa'euseyo	쌓으십시오 ssa'eusipsio
Assertive		쌓으시겠다 ssa'eusigetda	쌓으시겠어 ssa'eusigesseo	쌓으시겠어요 ssa'eusigesseoyo	쌓으시겠습니다 ssa'eusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		쌓으셔 ssa'eusyeo	쌓으셔서 ssa'eusyeoseo	쌓으시니 ssa'eusini	쌓으시니까 ssa'eusinikka
Contrast		쌓으시지만 ssa'eusijiman	쌓으시는데 ssa'eusineunde	쌓으시더니 ssa'eusideoni
Conjunction		쌓으시고 ssa'eusigo
Condition		쌓으시면 ssa'eusimyeon	쌓으셔야 ssa'eusyeoya
Motive		쌓으시려고 ssa'eusiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		쌓으심 ssa'eusim	쌓으시기 ssa'eusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		쌓으셨음 ssa'eusyeosseum	쌓으셨기 ssa'eusyeotgi
Determiners	Past	쌓으신 ssa'eusin
	Present	쌓으시는 ssa'eusineun
	Future	쌓으실 ssa'eusil

Alternative forms

• 샇다 (sata) — Gyeongsang

Further reading

• 쌓다 in Korean-English Learners' Dictionary, National Institute of Korean Language, cc by-sa 2.0 kr.