熏

See also: 燻, 爋, and 薰

熏 U+718F, 熏 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-718F ← 熎 [U+718E] CJK Unified Ideographs 熐 → [U+7190]

Translingual

Han character

熏 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+10, 14 strokes, cangjie input 竹土火 (HGF), four-corner 2033₁)

Derived characters

• 嚑 壎 獯 曛 櫄 燻 臐 矄 䙧 纁(𫄸) 䗼 醺 鑂 勳 薰

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 679, character 17
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19300
• Dae Jaweon: page 1091, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2226, character 10
• Unihan data for U+718F

Chinese

simp. and trad.		熏
alternative forms		𡴦 𡽽 燻／熏 爋 𤑕 𡴦 𡽽 燻／熏 爋 𤑕 煇

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 熏
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (熏) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
櫄	*tqʰun
薰	*qʰun, *qʰuns
曛	*qʰun
勲	*qʰun
熏	*qʰun
燻	*qʰun
獯	*qʰun
纁	*qʰun
醺	*qʰun
臐	*qʰun, *qʰuns
爋	*qʰuns

In the original version, it is 東 with four dots inside perhaps to indicate grass and herbs inside the tied bag. Later, fire 火 (or 炎) at the bottom was added. The original meaning is "smoked herbs". Two semi-conservative versions are 𡴦 and 𡽽. Today, the original meaning is preserved in 薰. Unrelated to 黑.

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kəw-n/t (“smoke”). Compare also 葷 (OC *qʰun, “smelling vegetables”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xūn (xun¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄣ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fan¹
• Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): hiun¹
• Eastern Min (BUC): hŏng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hong¹ / huong¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hun

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hung¹ / hang¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xūn
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄣ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: syun
    • Wade–Giles: hsün¹
    • Yale: syūn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiun
    • Palladius: сюнь (sjunʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕyn⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: fan¹
    • Yale: fān
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fan¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: fen¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɐn⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: hiun¹
    • Sinological IPA: /hiun⁴⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: hŏng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /houŋ⁵⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: hong¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔŋ⁵³³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: huong¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huoŋ⁵³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hun
    • Tâi-lô: hun
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hwn
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hun⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hun³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hung¹ / hang¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hung / hang
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huŋ³³/, /haŋ³³/

Note:

• hung1 - Chaozhou, Shantou, Chenghai;
• hang1 - Jieyang, Pontianak.

---

• Middle Chinese: xjun

Rime
Character	熏
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	文 (59)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	許云切
Baxter	xjun
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hɨun/
Pan Wuyun	/hiun/
Shao Rongfen	/xiuən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hun/
Li Rong	/xiuən/
Wang Li	/xĭuən/
Bernhard Karlgren	/xi̯uən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xūn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fan1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰu[n]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qʰun/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	熏
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xūn
Middle Chinese	‹ xjun ›
Old Chinese	/*qʰu[n]/
English	smoke (v.); vapor, odor
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	熏
Reading #	1/1
No.	14110
Phonetic component	熏
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	薰
Old Chinese	/*qʰun/
Notes	金文象香囊，或加火表薰香

Definitions

熏

1. smoke; fog
2. warm (used in 熏風)
3. to smoke (same as 薰); to cure meat (same as 燻)
4. to infuse tea with scented flowers (same as 窨)
5. a surname: Xun

Compounds

• 三浴三熏
• 三熏三沐 (sānxūnsānmù)
• 氣勢熏灼／气势熏灼
• 氣焰熏天
• 煙熏火燎
• 熏人
• 熏制
• 熏天
• 熏染 (xūnrǎn)
• 熏沐
• 熏烤
• 熏烝
• 熏蒸
• 熏熏
• 熏籠
• 熏習
• 熏肉 (xūnròu)
• 熏腐
• 熏草紙
• 熏製
• 熏鑪
• 熏陶 (xūntáo)
• 熏風 (xūnfēng)
• 熏香
• 眾口熏天
• 錦熏籠／锦熏笼

 

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xùn (xun⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄣˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fan³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xùn
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄣˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: syùn
    • Wade–Giles: hsün⁴
    • Yale: syùn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiunn
    • Palladius: сюнь (sjunʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕyn⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: fan³
    • Yale: fan
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fan³
    • Guangdong Romanization: fen³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɐn³³/

Definitions

熏

1. suffocation due to coal gas

References

• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “熏”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 271.

Japanese

Kanji

熏

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. smoke
2. darken

Readings

• On (unclassified): くん (kun)
• Kun: ふすべる (fusuberu)、くすべる (kusuberu)

Korean

Hanja

熏 • (hun) (hangeul 훈, revised hun, McCune–Reischauer hun, Yale hwun)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

熏: Hán Nôm readings: hun, huân

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.