無常
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See also: 无常
Chinese
[edit]not have | always; ever; often always; ever; often; frequently; common; general; constant | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (無常) | 無 | 常 | |
simp. (无常) | 无 | 常 |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): mou4 soeng4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mò-sòng / vù-sòng
- Jin (Wiktionary): vu1 con1
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bû-siông / bû-siâng
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄨˊ ㄔㄤˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: wúcháng
- Wade–Giles: wu2-chʻang2
- Yale: wú-cháng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wucharng
- Palladius: учан (učan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /u³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/
- Homophones:
[Show/Hide] 無償/无偿
無常/无常
- (Standard Chinese)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: mou4 soeng4
- Yale: mòuh sèuhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: mou4 soeng4
- Guangdong Romanization: mou4 sêng4
- Sinological IPA (key): /mou̯²¹ sœːŋ²¹/
- Homophones:
無償/无偿
無常/无常
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mò-sòng / vù-sòng
- Hakka Romanization System: moˇ songˇ / vuˇ songˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: mo2 song2 / vu2 song2
- Sinological IPA: /mo¹¹ soŋ¹¹/, /vu¹¹ soŋ¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: vu1 con1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /vu¹¹ t͡sʰɒ̃¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Southern Min
- Middle Chinese: mju dzyang
Adjective
[edit]無常
Derived terms
[edit]Noun
[edit]無常
- (Chinese mythology) Wuchang, one or two deities in Chinese folk religion who seize the spirits of people to the Underworld
- (Buddhism) impermanence
Derived terms
[edit]Verb
[edit]無常
- (euphemistic) to die; to pass away
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
無 | 常 |
む Grade: 4 |
じょう Grade: 5 |
goon |
Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 無常 (MC mju dzyang), in turn a translation of Pali anicca or Sanskrit अनित्य (anitya).[1]
First cited in a Japanese text in the 勝鬘経義疏 (Shōmangyō Gisho) of 611, one of the three texts grouped together as the 三経義疏 (Sangyō Gisho).[2]
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]無常 • (mujō) ←むじやう (muzyau)?-na (adnominal 無常な (mujō na), adverbial 無常に (mujō ni))
- [from 611] transient, impermanent, mutable
Inflection
[edit]Inflection of 無常
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 無常だろ | むじょうだろ | mujō daro |
Continuative (連用形) | 無常で | むじょうで | mujō de |
Terminal (終止形) | 無常だ | むじょうだ | mujō da |
Attributive (連体形) | 無常な | むじょうな | mujō na |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 無常なら | むじょうなら | mujō nara |
Imperative (命令形) | 無常であれ | むじょうであれ | mujō de are |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 無常ではない 無常じゃない |
むじょうではない むじょうじゃない |
mujō de wa nai mujō ja nai |
Informal past | 無常だった | むじょうだった | mujō datta |
Informal negative past | 無常ではなかった 無常じゃなかった |
むじょうではなかった むじょうじゃなかった |
mujō de wa nakatta mujō ja nakatta |
Formal | 無常です | むじょうです | mujō desu |
Formal negative | 無常ではありません 無常じゃありません |
むじょうではありません むじょうじゃありません |
mujō de wa arimasen mujō ja arimasen |
Formal past | 無常でした | むじょうでした | mujō deshita |
Formal negative past | 無常ではありませんでした 無常じゃありませんでした |
むじょうではありませんでした むじょうじゃありませんでした |
mujō de wa arimasen deshita mujō ja arimasen deshita |
Conjunctive | 無常で | むじょうで | mujō de |
Conditional | 無常なら(ば) | むじょうなら(ば) | mujō nara (ba) |
Provisional | 無常だったら | むじょうだったら | mujō dattara |
Volitional | 無常だろう | むじょうだろう | mujō darō |
Adverbial | 無常に | むじょうに | mujō ni |
Degree | 無常さ | むじょうさ | mujōsa |
Noun
[edit]- [from 611] transience, impermanence, mutability
- [from early 1200s] (figurative) death, the impermanence of one's life
Related terms
[edit]- 諸行無常 (shogyō mujō, “everything is transient”)
References
[edit]- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ “無常”, in 日本国語大辞典[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
Vietnamese
[edit]chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
---|---|
無 | 常 |
Noun
[edit]無常
- (Buddhism) chữ Hán form of vô thường (“impermanence”).
Categories:
- Mandarin terms with homophones
- Cantonese terms with homophones
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Jin lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Chinese adjectives
- Mandarin adjectives
- Cantonese adjectives
- Hakka adjectives
- Jin adjectives
- Hokkien adjectives
- Middle Chinese adjectives
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Hakka nouns
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- Chinese verbs
- Mandarin verbs
- Cantonese verbs
- Hakka verbs
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- Hokkien verbs
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- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 無
- Chinese terms spelled with 常
- zh:Chinese mythology
- zh:Buddhism
- Chinese euphemisms
- Japanese terms spelled with 無 read as む
- Japanese terms spelled with 常 read as じょう
- Japanese terms read with goon
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese terms derived from Pali
- Japanese terms derived from Sanskrit
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese adjectives
- Japanese な-na adjectives
- Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji
- Japanese nouns
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese nouns
- Vietnamese nouns in Han script
- vi:Buddhism
- Vietnamese Chữ Hán