橄

橄 U+6A44, 橄 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6A44 ← 橃 [U+6A43] CJK Unified Ideographs 橅 → [U+6A45]

Translingual

Han character

橄 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 木一十大 (DMJK) or 木弓十大 (DNJK), four-corner 4894₀, composition ⿰木敢)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 552, character 16
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15512
• Dae Jaweon: page 941, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1285, character 3
• Unihan data for U+6A44

Chinese

trad.		橄
simp. #		橄

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (敢) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
撖	*kʰɯːm, *kʰreːmʔ, *ɡraːmʔ
澉	*l̥ʰaːms, *klaːmʔ
噉	*l'aːmʔ
敢	*klaːmʔ
橄	*klaːmʔ
瞰	*kʰlaːms
闞	*kʰlaːms, *qʰreːmʔ, *hŋraːms
憨	*qʰaːm, *qʰlaːms
譀	*qʰlaːms, *qʰraːms, *qʰraːb
巖	*ŋraːm
礹	*ŋraːm, *ŋamʔ
豃	*qʰraːmʔ
讝	*kjam
玁	*hŋramʔ
嚴	*ŋam
儼	*ŋamʔ
曮	*ŋamʔ
釅	*ŋams

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *klaːmʔ) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 敢 (OC *klaːmʔ).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gǎn (gan³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄢˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gaam³ / gam² / gam³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ká / kám
• Jin (Wiktionary): gan²
• Eastern Min (BUC): gā / gāng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kám / kaⁿ / kan / káⁿ / kán

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gan¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵ke

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄢˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gǎn
    • Wade–Giles: kan³
    • Yale: gǎn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gaan
    • Palladius: гань (ganʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kän²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gaam³ / gam² / gam³
    • Yale: gaam / gám / gam
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gaam³ / gam² / gam³
    • Guangdong Romanization: gam³ / gem² / gem³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaːm³³/, /kɐm³⁵/, /kɐm³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ká / kám
    • Hakka Romanization System: ga^ˋ / gam^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ga³ / gam³
    • Sinological IPA: /ka³¹/, /kam³¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: gan²
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /kæ̃⁵³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gā / gāng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ka³³/, /kaŋ³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kám
    • Tâi-lô: kám
    • Phofsit Daibuun: karm
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kam⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kam⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Kinmen, Magong, variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kaⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: kann
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kvaf
    • IPA (Kinmen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kã⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kã³³/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Lukang, Hsinchu, Taichung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kan
    • Tâi-lô: kan
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kafn
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kan⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Lukang): /kan³³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: káⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: kánn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kvar
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kã⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kán
    • Tâi-lô: kán
    • Phofsit Daibuun: karn
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kan⁵³/

Note:

• kám - literary;
• kaⁿ/kan/káⁿ/kán - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: gan¹
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kaⁿ
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kã³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵ke
    • MiniDict: ke^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²ke
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ke³⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: kamX

Rime
Character	橄
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	談 (143)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古覽切
Baxter	kamX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɑmX/
Pan Wuyun	/kɑmX/
Shao Rongfen	/kɑmX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kamX/
Li Rong	/kɑmX/
Wang Li	/kɑmX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kɑmX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gam2

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*klaːmʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	橄
Reading #	1/1
No.	3675
Phonetic component	敢
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	敢
Old Chinese	/*klaːmʔ/

Definitions

橄

1. Only used in 橄欖／橄榄.

Compounds

• 橄欖／橄榄 (gǎnlǎn)
• 黑橄欖／黑橄榄 (hēigǎnlǎn)

 

References

• (Min Nan) Taiwan Min Nan Common Words Dictionary (臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典)

Japanese

Kanji

橄

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: かん (kan)
• Kan-on: かん (kan)

Korean

Hanja

橄 • (gam) (hangeul 감, revised gam, McCune–Reischauer kam, Yale kam)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Tày

Noun

橄 (cạm)

1. Nôm form of cạm (“obstacle”).

   欥坚低伩󰯙媒坎橄

   Hất kin đây giò vỏ mòi khảm gạm

   (please add an English translation of this usage example)

References

• Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày‎^[1] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

Vietnamese

Han character

橄: Hán Nôm readings: cạm, cảm

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.