敲

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敲 U+6572, 敲
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6572
← 敱
[U+6571] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 敳 →
[U+6573]

Translingual

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Han character

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敲 (Kangxi radical 66, 攴+10, 14 strokes, cangjie input 卜月卜水 (YBYE), four-corner 01247, composition ⿰高攴)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 474, character 31
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13337
  • Dae Jaweon: page 828, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1471, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+6572

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 敲
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (高) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
高 *kaːw
膏 *kaːw, *kaːws
篙 *kaːw
稿 *kaːwʔ
稾 *kaːwʔ, *kʰaːws
槁 *kaːwʔ, *kʰaːwʔ
縞 *kaːwʔ, *kaːws
暠 *kaːwʔ
槀 *kaːwʔ
藁 *kaːwʔ
燺 *kʰaːwʔ
薧 *kʰaːwʔ, *kʰaːws, *qʰaːw
犒 *kʰaːws
蒿 *qʰaːw
藃 *qʰaːws, *qʰraːw, *qʰraw
豪 *ɡaːw
毫 *ɡaːw
壕 *ɡaːw
濠 *ɡaːw
鎬 *ɡaːwʔ
滈 *ɡaːwʔ, *qʰraːwɢ
鄗 *ɡaːwʔ, *kʰraːw, *qʰaːwɢ
鰝 *ɡaːwʔ, *qʰaːwɢ
薃 *ɡaːwʔ
搞 *kruːʔ
敲 *kʰraːw, *kʰraːws
髇 *qʰraːw
嗃 *qʰraːw, *qʰraːws, *qʰaːwɢ
巐 *kʰl'awʔ
歊 *qʰraw, *qʰoːwɢ
謞 *qʰaːwɢ, *qʰraːwɢ
熇 *qʰaːwɢ, *qʰoːwɢ, *qʰoːɡ
碻 *kʰraːwɢ
塙 *kʰraːwɢ
毃 *kʰraːwɢ
翯 *qʰraːwɢ, *ɡraːwɢ, *ɡoːwɢ
瀥 *qʰraːwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰraːw, *kʰraːws) : phonetic 高 (OC *kaːw) + semantic 攴 (“to hit lightly; to tap”).

Etymology 1

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simp. and trad.
 敲

Pronunciation

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Note: kiĕu - literary.
Note:
  • khà - vernacular;
  • khau, khàu - literary.
Note:
  • 1khau - vernacular;
  • 1qiau - literary.
Note:
  • kau1 - vernacular;
  • qiau1 - literary.
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 敲
    Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕʰiɑu⁵⁵/
    Harbin /t͡ɕʰiau⁴⁴/
    Tianjin /t͡ɕʰiɑu²¹/
    Jinan /t͡ɕʰiɔ²¹³/
    Qingdao /t͡ɕʰiɔ²¹³/
    Zhengzhou /t͡ɕʰiau²⁴/
    Xi'an /t͡ɕʰiau²¹/
    Xining /t͡ɕʰiɔ⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /kʰɔ⁴⁴/
    /t͡ɕʰiɔ⁴⁴/
    Lanzhou /t͡ɕʰiɔ³¹/
    Ürümqi /t͡ɕʰiɔ⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /t͡ɕʰiau⁵⁵/ 推～
    /kʰau⁵⁵/ ～門
    Chengdu /kʰau⁵⁵/
    /t͡ɕʰiau⁵⁵/
    Guiyang /kʰao⁵⁵/
    Kunming /kʰɔ⁴⁴/
    Nanjing /kʰɔo³¹/
    /t͡ɕʰiɔo³¹/
    Hefei /t͡ɕʰiɔ²¹/
    /kʰɔ²¹/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕʰiau¹¹/
    Pingyao /t͡ɕʰiɔ¹³/
    Hohhot /t͡ɕʰiɔ³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /kʰɔ⁵³/
    Suzhou /t͡ɕʰiæ⁵⁵/
    /kʰæ⁵⁵/
    Hangzhou /t͡ɕʰiɔ³³/
    Wenzhou /kʰuɔ³³/
    Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰiɔ³¹/
    /kʰɔ³¹/
    Tunxi /kʰo¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕʰiau³³/
    /kʰau³³/
    Xiangtan /kʰaɯ³³/
    Gan Nanchang /kʰɑu⁴²/
    Hakka Meixian /kʰiau⁴⁴/
    Taoyuan
    Cantonese Guangzhou /hau⁵³/
    Nanning /hau⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /hau⁵⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kʰau⁵⁵/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kʰieu⁴⁴/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /kʰau³³/
    Shantou (Teochew) /kʰiau³³/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /xau²³/
    Rime
    Character 敲 敲
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Initial (聲) 溪 (29) 溪 (29)
    Final (韻) 肴 (90) 肴 (90)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open Open
    Division (等) II II
    Fanqie 口交切 苦敎切
    Baxter khaew khaewH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/kʰˠau/ /kʰˠauH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/kʰᵚau/ /kʰᵚauH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/kʰau/ /kʰauH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/kʰaɨw/ /kʰaɨwH/
    Li
    Rong         		/kʰau/ /kʰauH/
    Wang
    Li         		/kʰau/ /kʰauH/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/kʰau/ /kʰauH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		qiāo qiào
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		haau1 haau3
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 敲 敲
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    No. 3757 3759
    Phonetic
    component         		高 高
    Rime
    group         		宵 宵
    Rime
    subdivision         		1 1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		敲 敲
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kʰraːw/ /*kʰraːws/

    Definitions

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    敲

    1. to hit; to strike; to tap; to rap; to knock
      他敲了門。／他敲了门。  ―  Tā qiāo le mén.  ―  He knocked on the door.
      剛剛敲過了八點鐘，不是嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
      刚刚敲过了八点钟，不是吗？ [MSC, simp.]
      Gānggāng qiāo guò le bādiǎnzhōng, bù shì ma? [Pinyin]
      It has just struck eight, hasn't it?
    2. (colloquial) to rip off; to overcharge; to blackmail
      那家旅館敲觀光客的竹杠。 [MSC, trad.]
      那家旅馆敲观光客的竹杠。 [MSC, simp.]
      Nà jiā lǚguǎn qiāo guānguāngkè de zhúgàng. [Pinyin]
      That hotel rips off the tourists.
      他們敲了你多少錢？ [MSC, trad.]
      他们敲了你多少钱？ [MSC, simp.]
      Tāmen qiāo le nǐ duōshào qián? [Pinyin]
      How much did they screw you for?
    3. (colloquial) to criticize; to warn
    4. (Hokkien, Singapore Teochew) to call someone (by phone); to telephone
      我昨日敲予先生。 [Philippine Hokkien, trad. and simp.]
      Guá chǎ-li̍t khà hō͘ sian-siⁿ. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
      I called the teacher yesterday (on the phone).
    5. (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to knock down; to remove; to demolish
    6. (Taiwanese Hokkien) to alter (clothes)
    7. (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to compete (among businesses)

    Synonyms

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    • (to hit):
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    • (to rip off):
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    Compounds

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    Etymology 2

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    simp. and trad.
    		 敲
    alternative forms 休
    𡁞
    齁
    吼

    From 休 (MC xjuw, “to rest; to stop”) (Kwok and Kataoka, 2006). Compare Guangzhou 嘵／哓 (hiu1), which has become obsolete.

    Pronunciation

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    Note: Macau.

    Definitions

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    敲

    1. (Macau and Dongguan Cantonese) Used after a verb to indicate perfective aspect (action completion).
    Synonyms
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    Dialectal synonyms of 了 (“(perfective particle)”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 矣1
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 了
    Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 了
    Taiwan 了
    Harbin 了
    Malaysia 了
    Singapore 了
    Jilu Mandarin Jinan 了
    Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 了
    Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 了
    Wanrong 嘮
    Xi'an 咧
    Xuzhou 了
    Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 了
    Ürümqi 咧
    Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 了
    Wuhan 了
    Guiyang 了
    Guilin 了
    Liuzhou 了
    Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 了
    Yangzhou 了
    Cantonese Guangzhou 咗, 嘵 obsolete
    Hong Kong 咗
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 咗
    Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 咗
    Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 耗
    Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 好
    Macau 咗, 敲
    Guangzhou (Panyu) 咗
    Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 咗
    Guangzhou (Conghua) 咗
    Foshan 咗
    Foshan (Sanshui) 咗
    Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 咗
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 哺
    Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 咗
    Jiangmen (Xinhui) 誒, 咗
    Taishan 誒
    Kaiping (Chikan) 誒
    Enping (Niujiang) 誒
    Dongguan 敲
    Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 好
    Shenzhen (Dapeng) 後, 咗
    Qingyuan 咗
    Fogang 咗
    Yingde (Hanguang) 咗
    Shaoguan 咗
    Shaoguan (Qujiang) 咗
    Renhua 咗
    Lechang 咗
    Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 咗
    Xinxing 標
    Luoding 咗
    Yangjiang 都
    Nanning 嗮
    Nanning (Tanka) 嗮
    Wuzhou 啊
    Hepu (Lianzhou) 了
    Guiping 畢
    Guiping (Mule) 開, 了
    Pingnan 開
    Guigang (Gangcheng) 開
    Guigang (Pingdong) 開, 了
    Beihai 了
    Beihai (Nankang) 了
    Beihai (Yingpan) 了
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 了, 咗
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 咗
    Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 了, 咗
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 咗
    Singapore (Guangfu) 咗
    Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 咗
    Móng Cái 了, 咗
    Gan Nanchang 了
    Lichuan 了
    Hakka Meixian 了
    Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 拋, 阿
    Dongguan (Qingxi) 開
    Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 開
    Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 開
    Wuhua (Shuizhai) 哩
    Wuhua (Huacheng) 哩
    Wuhua (Changbu) 哩
    Wuhua (Mianyang) 哩
    Yudu 了
    Hong Kong 開
    Senai (Huiyang) 開
    Kuching (Hepo) 了
    Huizhou Jixi 了
    Jin Taiyuan 咾
    Xinzhou 咾
    Jiuxing Yumin Lanxi 了
    Northern Min Jian'ou 了
    Eastern Min Fuzhou 了, 𡅏
    Southern Min Penang (Hokkien) 了
    Singapore (Hokkien) 了
    Manila (Hokkien) 了, 囉
    Chaozhou 了
    Shantou 了
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 了
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 了
    Wu Shanghai 仔, 了
    Shanghai (Chongming) 仔
    Suzhou 仔
    Hangzhou 得, 了
    Hangzhou (Yuhang) 得, 了
    Ningbo 仔
    Wenzhou 爻
    Jinhua 了

    References

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    Japanese

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    Kanji

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    敲

    (Hyōgai kanji)

    1. to knock, to strike, to hit

    Readings

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    Korean

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    Hanja

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    敲 (eumhun 두드릴 고 (dudeuril go))

    1. hanja form? of 고 (“knock”)

    敲 (eumhun 두드릴 교 (dudeuril gyo))

    1. hanja form? of 교 (“knock”)

    敲 (eumhun 두드릴 학 (dudeuril hak))

    1. hanja form? of 학 (“knock”)

    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    敲: Hán Nôm readings: xao, xào, sao

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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