患

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患 U+60A3, 患
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-60A3
← 悢
[U+60A2] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 悤 →
[U+60A4]

Translingual

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Han character

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患 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 中中心 (LLP), four-corner 50336, composition ⿱串心)

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 388, character 16
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10691
  • Dae Jaweon: page 721, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2300, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+60A3

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 患
alternative forms 𢠶
𢤒

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (患) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
漶 *ɡoːns
贃 *qroːns
患 *ɡroːns
槵 *ɡroːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡroːns) : phonetic 串 (OC *kroːns, *kʰjons) + semantic 心 (“heart”).

Since Shuowen does not have the character 串, it interprets the character as phonetic 吅 (OC *qʰon, *sqʰon, *sɢoŋs) + semantic 丨 + semantic 心 (“heart”) – to pierce through something from the heart. Duan Yucai claims in his commentary that older copies of Shuowen actually have phonetic 毌 (OC *koːn, *koːns, “to pierce through”) + semantic 心 (“heart”) instead.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • huam6 - Chaozhou;
  • huang6 - Shantou, Chenghai, Raoping, Puning.
    Rime
    Character 患
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
    Final (韻) 刪 (70)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) II
    Fanqie 胡慣切
    Baxter hwaenH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɦˠuanH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɦʷᵚanH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ɣuɐnH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɦwaɨnH/
    Li
    Rong         		/ɣuanH/
    Wang
    Li         		/ɣwanH/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/ɣwanH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		huàn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		waan6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 患
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		huàn
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ hwænH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[ɡ]ˁro[n]-s/
    English calamity; distress

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 患
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 5364
    Phonetic
    component         		患
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		3
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		患
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɡroːns/
    Notes 本從串（毌）聲

    Definitions

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    患

    1. to contract (an illness); to suffer from; to be afflicted with
    2. disease; illness
    3. to worry; to feel anxious
    4. disaster; calamity; catastrophe
      水患  ―  shuǐhuàn  ―  flood
      有備無患／有备无患  ―  yǒubèiwúhuàn  ―  preparedness averts peril

    Synonyms

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    • (to contract an illness):
    Dialectal synonyms of 生病 (“to fall ill; to be ill”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 生病, 得病, 患, 患病, 害病, 染病, 發病, 病倒, 帶病, 抱病, 抱恙, 罹病, 罹患
    Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 病, 得病, 鬧病, 不舒服
    Taiwan 病, 生病, 不舒服
    Ulanhot 病
    Tongliao 病
    Chifeng 病
    Hulunbuir (Hailar) 病
    Harbin 病, 作病
    Malaysia 生病
    Singapore 生病
    Jilu Mandarin Jinan 長病, 病, 不好, 不熨貼, 不舒坦, 不得勁兒, 鬧症候
    Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 得病, 病病兒, 不濟, 不熨貼
    Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 害病, 生病, 病, 有病兒, 不好, 不老兒好, 不美氣
    Wanrong 犯病, 難過
    Zhengzhou 病, 不得勁
    Xi'an 害病, 得病, 病, 不受活 of an adult, 不乖 of a child
    Xining 病下, 得病, 不爽快
    Xuzhou 得病, 害病, 病, 不舒坦, 不舒服, 不如適, 出故事 of a child, 出症兒 of a child, 出症 of a child
    Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 得病, 病下, 不行下, 不受活, 不乖 of a child
    Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) 得病, 害病, 不受活, 不乖 of a child
    Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 害病, 有病, 得病, 不好, 不清乾 Hui
    Bayanhot 害病, 病
    Lanzhou 病下, 不舒坦, 不爽快, 不輕身 of an adult, 不乖 of a child, 變狗 of a child
    Ürümqi 病下, 害病, 不舒服
    Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 害病, 得病, 病, 不好, 不安逸
    Wuhan 害病, 病, 有病, 不好, 不舒服, 不乖 of a child, 做狗狗 of a child
    Guiyang 痛病, 痛, 生病, 不好在, 不安逸, 逗狗 of a child
    Kunming 不好
    Guilin 病
    Liuzhou 病, 做狗崽 of a child, 做狗 of a child
    Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 生病, 害病, 不爽快, 不爽, 不舒服
    Yangzhou 害病, 不好過
    Nantong 不好過
    Hefei 害病, 病, 不伸坦
    Cantonese Guangzhou 病, 唔舒服, 唔精神, 唔自然
    Hong Kong 病, 唔舒服, 唔精神 dated, 唔自然 dated
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 病
    Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 病
    Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 有病
    Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 有病
    Macau 病
    Guangzhou (Panyu) 病
    Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 唔精神
    Guangzhou (Conghua) 病
    Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 病, 唔精神
    Foshan 病
    Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 病
    Foshan (Shunde) 唔精神
    Foshan (Sanshui) 唔精神
    Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 病
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 病
    Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 病
    Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 病
    Zhuhai (Doumen) 病, 唔精神
    Jiangmen (Baisha) 病
    Jiangmen (Xinhui) 病
    Taishan 病
    Kaiping (Chikan) 病, 唔精神
    Enping (Niujiang) 病, 唔舒服
    Heshan (Yayao) 病
    Dongguan 病, 唔精神
    Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 唔養得
    Yangjiang 病, 得病, 無自由
    Nanning 生病, 病
    Wuzhou 生病
    Yulin 生病
    Hepu (Lianzhou) 發病
    Danzhou 有病
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 病
    Singapore (Guangfu) 病
    Gan Nanchang 生病, 病, 不好過, 不舒服
    Lichuan 病
    Pingxiang 病, 不熨貼
    Hakka Meixian 發病, 起病, 唔自然, 唔舒服, 犯病
    Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 有病
    Dongguan (Qingxi) 唔做得
    Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 唔做得
    Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 病
    Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 病
    Yudu 病
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 發病仔, 發病, 破病, 著病, 得病, 致病, 唔鬆爽, 唔自然
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 發病, 破病, 著病, 得病, 致病, 唔鬆爽, 唔自然
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 發病, 著病, 破病, 得病, 致病, 唔鬆爽, 唔自然
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 破病, 著病, 得病, 致病, 唔鬆爽, 唔快活, 唔自然
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 發病仔, 發病, 破病, 著病, 得病, 致病, 唔鬆爽, 唔自然
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 破病, 著病, 無快活, 無堵好
    Hong Kong 病
    Luchuan (Daqiao) 生病
    Senai (Huiyang) 病
    Huizhou Jixi 害病, 起病
    Jin Taiyuan 病, 害病, 鬧病, 難活
    Xinzhou 難過
    Taibus (Baochang) 病
    Linhe 病
    Jining 病
    Hohhot 難過
    Baotou 病
    Dongsheng 病
    Haibowan 難活
    Northern Min Jian'ou 病, 凊著, 伓鬆爽
    Eastern Min Fuzhou 破病, 病去, 𣍐爽快, 做犬 of a child
    Southern Min Xiamen 破病, 著病, 致病, 無爽, 無好勢, 艱苦
    Quanzhou 破病, 毋好, 著病, 致病, 艱苦
    Jinjiang 破病
    Yongchun 破病
    Zhangzhou 破病, 著病, 致病, 毋愛, 𣍐乖 of a child
    Taipei 破病
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 破病
    Kaohsiung 破病, 艱苦
    Yilan 破病, 艱苦
    Changhua (Lukang) 破病
    Taichung 破病, 艱苦
    Taichung (Wuqi) 破病
    Tainan 破病, 艱苦
    Taitung 破病
    Hsinchu 破病
    Kinmen 破病
    Penghu (Magong) 破病
    Penang (Hokkien) 破病
    Singapore (Hokkien) 破病
    Manila (Hokkien) 毋好, 破病
    Pingnan (Shangdu) 病
    Chaozhou 生病, 唔好, 無若好
    Shantou 破相, 儂孬
    Shantou (Chenghai) 破相, 儂孬
    Jieyang 著病, 破病, 生毛
    Bangkok (Teochew) 唔寬活, 儂孬
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 破病
    Singapore (Teochew) 破病
    Leizhou 惡抵
    Wenchang 惡耐, 生病
    Haikou 病, 病痛, 惡抵, 惡耐
    Qionghai 病, 惡耐
    Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 唔精神
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 病
    Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 病
    Wu Shanghai 生病, 生毛病, 有毛病, 勿適意, 勿舒服
    Shanghai (Chongming) 無得力氣
    Suzhou 生病, 生毛病, 勿適意, 勿鬆 suburbs
    Wuxi 生病
    Danyang 生病, 害病, 弗好過, 無本事
    Hangzhou 生毛病, 不舒服
    Wenzhou 生病, 病, 否好過
    Jinhua 生病, 弗好過
    Xiang Changsha 得病, 病, 不好過
    Loudi 病
    Shuangfeng 病, 不好過
    Quanzhou 生病
    • (disease):
    edit
    • (to worry):
    edit
    • (disaster):
    edit

    Compounds

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    Further reading

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    • “患”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
    • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “患”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 93.

    Japanese

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    Kanji

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    患

    (Jōyō kanji)

    1. afflicted

    Readings

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    Etymology

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    Kanji in this term
    患
    かん
    Grade: S
    on'yomi

    From Middle Chinese 患 (MC hwaenH).

    Pronunciation

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    Affix

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    患(かん) • (kan) ←くわん (kwan)?

    1. worry; suffer
    2. afflicted

    Noun

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    患(かん) • (kan) ←くわん (kwan)?

    1. trouble; worries; pain
    2. illness; sickness

    References

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    1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean

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    Etymology

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    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

    Pronunciation

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    Hanja

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    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    患 (eumhun 근심 환 (geunsim hwan))

    1. hanja form? of 환 (“worry”)

    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    患: Hán Nôm readings: hoạn

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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