形而下
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Chinese
[edit]to appear; to look; form to appear; to look; form; shape |
and; as well as; but (not) and; as well as; but (not); yet (not); (shows causal relation); (shows change of state); (shows contrast) |
under; next; lower under; next; lower; below; underneath; down(wards); to go down; latter | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (形而下) |
形 | 而 | 下 | |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄦˊ ㄒㄧㄚˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: síng-érsià
- Wade–Giles: hsing2-êrh2-hsia4
- Yale: syíng-ér-syà
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyngerlshiah
- Palladius: синъэрся (sinʺersja)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕiŋ³⁵ ˀɤɻ³⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Noun
[edit]形而下
- (philosophy) physical or material things
Antonyms
[edit]- 形而上 (xíng'érshàng)
Japanese
[edit]| Kanji in this term | ||
|---|---|---|
| 形 | 而 | 下 |
| けい Grade: 2 |
じ Jinmeiyō |
か Grade: 1 |
| kan'on | ||
Etymology
[edit]Coined by Japanese philosopher Inoue Tetsujirō in 1881 in his work 哲学字彙 (Tetsugaku Jii, “Dictionary of Philosophy”) as a translation of English concrete, based on the phrase 形而下者、謂之器 in the Book of Changes (《易經》).[1][2][3][4]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Tokyo) けーじか [kèéjíꜜkà] (Nakadaka – [3])[2][5]
- (Tokyo) けーじか [kèéjíká] (Heiban – [0])[2][6][5]
- IPA(key): [ke̞ːʑika̠]
Noun
[edit]- (philosophy) physical, material
- Antonym: 形而上 (keijijō)
References
[edit]- ^ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ “形而下”, in 日本国語大辞典[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
- ^ Inoue, Tetsujirō (1881) 哲学字彙[2], University of Tokyo, page 1
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
[edit]| Hanja in this term | ||
|---|---|---|
| 形 | 而 | 下 |
Noun
[edit]Categories:
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 形
- Chinese terms spelled with 而
- Chinese terms spelled with 下
- zh:Philosophy
- Japanese terms spelled with 形 read as けい
- Japanese terms spelled with 而 read as じ
- Japanese terms spelled with 下 read as か
- Japanese terms read with kan'on
- Japanese terms coined by Inoue Tetsujirō
- Japanese coinages
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with jinmeiyō kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 3 kanji
- ja:Philosophy
- Korean lemmas
- Korean nouns
- Korean nouns in Han script
- Korean hanja forms