子曰

Chinese

		child; son; (noun suffix) child; son; (noun suffix); small thing; seed; egg; 1st earthly branch; 11 p.m.–1 a.m., midnight	to speak; to say
trad. (子曰)		子	曰
simp. #(子曰)		子	曰

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): zǐyuē

  (Zhuyin): ㄗˇ ㄩㄝ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zi³ yue¹

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zi² joek⁶ / zi² jyut⁶
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵tsy ⁸yoq; ⁵tsy ⁸yuq

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zǐyuē
    • Zhuyin: ㄗˇ ㄩㄝ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: zǐhyue
    • Wade–Giles: tzŭ³-yüeh¹
    • Yale: dž-ywē
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzyyiue
    • Palladius: цзыюэ (czyjue)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: zi³ yue¹
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zye
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩⁵³ ye⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zi² joek⁶ / zi² jyut⁶
    • Yale: jí yeuhk / jí yuht
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzi² joek⁹ / dzi² jyt⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: ji² yêg⁶ / ji² yud⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː³⁵ jœːk̚²/, /t͡siː³⁵ jyːt̚²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵tsy ⁸yoq; ⁵tsy ⁸yuq
    • MiniDict: tsy^去 yoh^入; tsy^去 yuih^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tsr ⁵hhioq; ²tsr ⁵hhyq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sz̩⁴⁴  ɦioʔ¹²/, /t͡sz̩⁴⁴  ɦyɪʔ¹²/

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• Middle Chinese: tsiX hjwot

Rime
Character	子	曰
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	精 (13)	云 (35)
Final (韻)	之 (19)	月 (68)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	即里切	王伐切
Baxter	tsiX	hjwot
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sɨX/	/ɦʉɐt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sɨX/	/ɦʷiɐt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sieX/	/ɣiuɐt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sɨX/	/ɦuat̚/
Li Rong	/t͡siəX/	/ɣiuɐt̚/
Wang Li	/t͡sĭəX/	/ɣĭwɐt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡siX/	/i̯wɐt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zǐ	yuè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zi2	jyut6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tsəʔ  [ɢ]ʷat/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ʔslɯʔ  ɢʷad/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	子	曰
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zǐ	yuē
Middle Chinese	‹ tsiX ›	‹ hjwot ›
Old Chinese	/*tsəʔ/	/*[ɢ]ʷat/
English	child; gentleman, master	say
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	子	曰
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	17857	16312
Phonetic component	子	曰
Rime group	之	月
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	子	越
Old Chinese	/*ʔslɯʔ/	/*ɢʷad/

Phrase

子曰

1. Confucius said; the Master said

Usage notes

This phrase is frequently used in Analects (論語), as it mainly records Confucius' speeches.

Descendants

• → Japanese: 子曰く (Shi iwaku, Shi notamawaku) (calque)

Noun

子曰

1. (Sichuanese) reason (Classifier: 個／个)

   • 說話不作數，你給大家說個子曰嘛 [Sichuanese, trad.]
     说话不作数，你给大家说个子曰嘛 [Sichuanese, simp.]

     From: 成都方言詞典

     so² hua⁴ bu² zo su⁴ nyi³ ge¹ da⁴ jia¹ so² go⁴ zi³ yue¹ ma [Sichuanese Pinyin]

     You've got to give us a reason for not keeping your word.