五穀

See also: 五谷

Chinese

		five	grain; corn
trad. (五穀)		五	穀
simp. (五谷)		五	谷

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): wǔgǔ

  (Zhuyin): ㄨˇ ㄍㄨˇ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): wu³ gu²

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ng⁵ guk¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ńg-kuk
• Jin (Wiktionary): vu² gueh⁴
• Northern Min (KCR): ngù-gŭ
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ngó͘-kok / gó͘-kok / gō͘-kak / gǒ͘-kak
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶ng-koq
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): u³ gu⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wǔgǔ [Phonetic: wúgǔ]
    • Zhuyin: ㄨˇ ㄍㄨˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wǔgǔ
    • Wade–Giles: wu³-ku³
    • Yale: wǔ-gǔ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wuuguu
    • Palladius: угу (ugu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /u²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: wu³ gu²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ugu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /vu⁵³ ku²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ng⁵ guk¹
    • Yale: ńgh gūk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ng⁵ guk⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: ng⁵ gug¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋ̍¹³ kʊk̚⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ńg-kuk
    • Hakka Romanization System: ng^ˋ gug^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ng³ gug⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋ̍³¹ kuk̚²/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: vu² gueh⁴
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /vu⁵³ kuəʔ²/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ngù-gŭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋu⁴² ku²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngó͘-kok
    • Tâi-lô: ngóo-kok
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ngofkog
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ŋɔ̃⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kɔk̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gó͘-kok
    • Tâi-lô: góo-kok
    • Phofsit Daibuun: gofkog
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kɔk̚⁵/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gō͘-kak
    • Tâi-lô: gōo-kak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: goxkag
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ɡɔ²²⁻²¹ kak̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gǒ͘-kak
    • Tâi-lô: gǒo-kak
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡɔ²² kak̚⁵/

Note:

• ngó͘-kok/gó͘-kok - literary;
• gō͘-kak/gǒ͘-kak - vernacular.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶ng-koq
    • MiniDict: ng^去 koh
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhngg-koq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ŋ̍²² koʔ⁴⁴/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: u³ gu⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /u⁴¹ ku²⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: nguX kuwk

Rime
Character	五	穀
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	模 (23)	屋 (3)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	疑古切	古禄切
Baxter	nguX	kuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋuoX/	/kuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋuoX/	/kuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋoX/	/kuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋɔX/	/kəwk̚/
Li Rong	/ŋoX/	/kuk̚/
Wang Li	/ŋuX/	/kuk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋuoX/	/kuk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wǔ	gu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ng5	guk1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.ŋˤaʔ  [k]ˤok/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋaːʔ  kloːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	五	穀
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wǔ	gǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ nguX ›	‹ kuwk ›
Old Chinese	/*C.ŋˁaʔ/	/*[k]ˁok/
English	five	grain
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	五	穀
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	13147	7423
Phonetic component	五	殻
Rime group	魚	屋
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	五	穀
Old Chinese	/*ŋaːʔ/	/*kloːɡ/

Noun

五穀

1. the Five Grains or Five Cereals

   • 人儕是吃五穀長大個，人人要生病。 [Shanghainese, trad.]
     人侪是吃五谷长大个，人人要生病。 [Shanghainese, simp.]

     From: 2007, Qian Nairong, 上海话大词典, page 47

     ⁶gnin ⁶ze ⁶zy ⁷chiq ⁶ng-koq ⁵tsan ⁶du ⁰gheq ⁶gnin-gnin ⁵iau ¹san-bin [Wugniu]

     Everyone grows up eating the five grains, and everyone gets sick sometimes.

Synonyms

• (Jin) 五穀雜糧／五谷杂粮 (wǔgǔzáliáng)

Derived terms

• 五穀豐登／五谷丰登 (wǔgǔfēngdēng)
• 五穀雜糧／五谷杂粮 (wǔgǔzáliáng)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (五穀):

• → Japanese: 五(ご)穀(こく) (gokoku)
• → Korean: 오곡(五穀) (ogok)
• → Vietnamese: ngũ cốc (五穀)

References

• “Entry #768”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
五	穀
ご Grade: 1	こく Grade: 6
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
五穀 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ごこく [góꜜkòkù] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ɡo̞ko̞kɯ̟]

Noun

五(ご)穀(こく) • (gokoku) 

1. the Five Grains or Five Cereals

Korean

Hanja in this term
五	穀

Noun

五穀 • (ogok) (hangeul 오곡)

1. hanja form^? of 오곡 (“the Five Grains or Five Cereals”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
五	穀

Noun

五穀

1. chữ Hán form of ngũ cốc (“the Five Grains or Five Cereals”).