सुख

See also: सखि, साख, सिख, सूखा, and सुखी

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit सुख (sukha).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /sʊkʰ/

Noun

सुख • (sukh) m (Urdu spelling سکھ)

1. happiness, pleasure, gratification

   सनातन मुक्ति पाने के लिए, जीवन के सुखों का त्याग करना पड़ेगा।

   sanātan mukti pāne ke lie, jīvan ke sukhõ kā tyāg karnā paṛegā.

   In order to attain eternal salvation, you must sacrifice the pleasures of life.

2. comfort

   यह यात्रियों के सुख के लिए है।

   yah yātriyõ ke sukh ke lie hai.

   This is for the comfort of the passengers.

Declension

Declension of सुख (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	सुख sukh	सुख sukh
oblique	सुख sukh	सुखों sukhõ
vocative	सुख sukh	सुखो sukho

Synonyms

• (happiness): ख़ुशी (xuśī)

Derived terms

• सुखकर (sukhkar, “happy, pleasant, comforting”)
• सुखजनक (sukhjanak, “causing happiness or pleasure”)
• सुखजीवी (sukhjīvī, “easy-going”)
• सुखमृत्यु (sukhmŕtyu, “euthanasia”)

References

• Bahri, Hardev (1989) “सुख”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa, Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
• Caturvedi, Mahendra, Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970) “सुख”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House

Marathi

Etymology

Inherited from Old Marathi सुख (sukha), from Sanskrit सुख (sukha).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sukʰ/, [suːkʰ]

Noun

सुख • (sukh) n

1. happiness, gratification, contentment, well-being

   सुख ह्या शब्दाची खरी व्याख्या शब्दांमध्ये मांडणे कठीण आहे।

   sukh hyā śabdācī kharī vyākhyā śabdāmmadhye māṇḍṇe kaṭhīṇ āhe.

   The true definition of happiness is difficult to describe in words.

Declension

Declension of सुख (neut cons-stem)
direct singular	सुख sukh
direct plural	सुखे, सुखं sukhe, sukha
	singular एकवचन		plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	सुख sukh		सुखे, सुखं sukhe, sukha
oblique सामान्यरूप	सुखा sukhā		सुखां- sukhān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	सुखाला sukhālā		सुखांना sukhānnā
ergative	सुखाने, सुखानं sukhāne, sukhāna		सुखांनी sukhānnī
instrumental	सुखाशी sukhāśī		सुखांशी sukhānśī
locative सप्तमी	सुखात sukhāt		सुखांत sukhāt
vocative संबोधन	सुखा sukhā		सुखांनो sukhānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of सुख (neut cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	सुखाचा sukhāċā	सुखाचे sukhāċe	सुखाची sukhācī	सुखाच्या sukhācā	सुखाचे, सुखाचं sukhāċe, sukhāċa	सुखाची sukhācī	सुखाच्या sukhācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	सुखांचा sukhānċā	सुखांचे sukhānċe	सुखांची sukhāñcī	सुखांच्या sukhāncā	सुखांचे, सुखांचं sukhānċe, sukhānċa	सुखांची sukhāñcī	सुखांच्या sukhāñcā
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Synonyms

• (happiness): आनंद (ānanda)
• (gratification): समाधान (samādhān)
• (contentment): तृप्ती (tŕptī)

References

• Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “सुख”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• sukha (Latin script)
• 𑀲𑀼𑀔 (Brahmi script)
• সুখ (Bengali script)
• සුඛ (Sinhalese script)
• သုခ or သုၶ (Burmese script)
• สุข or สุขะ (Thai script)
• ᩈᩩᨡ (Tai Tham script)
• ສຸຂ or ສຸຂະ (Lao script)
• សុខ (Khmer script)
• 𑄥𑄪𑄈 (Chakma script)

Adjective

सुख

1. Devanagari script form of sukha (“agreeable”)

Declension

Declension table of "सुख" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	सुखो (sukho)	सुखा (sukhā)
Accusative (second)	सुखं (sukhaṃ)	सुखे (sukhe)
Instrumental (third)	सुखेन (sukhena)	सुखेहि (sukhehi) or सुखेभि (sukhebhi)
Dative (fourth)	सुखस्स (sukhassa) or सुखाय (sukhāya) or सुखत्थं (sukhatthaṃ)	सुखानं (sukhānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	सुखस्मा (sukhasmā) or सुखम्हा (sukhamhā) or सुखा (sukhā)	सुखेहि (sukhehi) or सुखेभि (sukhebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	सुखस्स (sukhassa)	सुखानं (sukhānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	सुखस्मिं (sukhasmiṃ) or सुखम्हि (sukhamhi) or सुखे (sukhe)	सुखेसु (sukhesu)
Vocative (calling)	सुख (sukha)	सुखा (sukhā)

Declension table of "सुख" (neuter)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	सुखं (sukhaṃ)	सुखानि (sukhāni)
Accusative (second)	सुखं (sukhaṃ)	सुखानि (sukhāni)
Instrumental (third)	सुखेन (sukhena)	सुखेहि (sukhehi) or सुखेभि (sukhebhi)
Dative (fourth)	सुखस्स (sukhassa) or सुखाय (sukhāya) or सुखत्थं (sukhatthaṃ)	सुखानं (sukhānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	सुखस्मा (sukhasmā) or सुखम्हा (sukhamhā) or सुखा (sukhā)	सुखेहि (sukhehi) or सुखेभि (sukhebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	सुखस्स (sukhassa)	सुखानं (sukhānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	सुखस्मिं (sukhasmiṃ) or सुखम्हि (sukhamhi) or सुखे (sukhe)	सुखेसु (sukhesu)
Vocative (calling)	सुख (sukha)	सुखानि (sukhāni)

Noun

सुख n

1. Devanagari script form of sukha (“happiness”)

Declension

Declension table of "सुख" (neuter)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	सुखं (sukhaṃ)	सुखानि (sukhāni)
Accusative (second)	सुखं (sukhaṃ)	सुखानि (sukhāni)
Instrumental (third)	सुखेन (sukhena)	सुखेहि (sukhehi) or सुखेभि (sukhebhi)
Dative (fourth)	सुखस्स (sukhassa) or सुखाय (sukhāya) or सुखत्थं (sukhatthaṃ)	सुखानं (sukhānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	सुखस्मा (sukhasmā) or सुखम्हा (sukhamhā) or सुखा (sukhā)	सुखेहि (sukhehi) or सुखेभि (sukhebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	सुखस्स (sukhassa)	सुखानं (sukhānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	सुखस्मिं (sukhasmiṃ) or सुखम्हि (sukhamhi) or सुखे (sukhe)	सुखेसु (sukhesu)
Vocative (calling)	सुख (sukha)	सुखानि (sukhāni)

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

• शुख (śukha)

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• সুখ (Assamese script)
• ᬲᬸᬔ (Balinese script)
• সুখ (Bengali script)
• 𑰭𑰲𑰏 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀲𑀼𑀔 (Brahmi script)
• သုခ (Burmese script)
• સુખ (Gujarati script)
• ਸੁਖ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌸𑍁𑌖 (Grantha script)
• ꦱꦸꦑ (Javanese script)
• 𑂮𑂳𑂎 (Kaithi script)
• ಸುಖ (Kannada script)
• សុខ (Khmer script)
• ສຸຂ (Lao script)
• സുഖ (Malayalam script)
• ᠰᡠᡘᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘭𑘳𑘏 (Modi script)
• ᠰᠤᠻᠠ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧍𑧔𑦯 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐳𑐸𑐏 (Newa script)
• ସୁଖ (Odia script)
• ꢱꢸꢓ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆱𑆶𑆒 (Sharada script)
• 𑖭𑖲𑖏 (Siddham script)
• සුඛ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑪁𑩒𑩝 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚨𑚰𑚋 (Takri script)
• ஸுக² (Tamil script)
• సుఖ (Telugu script)
• สุข (Thai script)
• སུ་ཁ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒮𑒳𑒐 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨰𑨃𑨌 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₁wes-

Proto-Indo-European *h₁wésus?

Proto-Indo-European *h₁es-?

Proto-Indo-European *h₁su-

Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hsu-

Sanskrit सु- (su-)?

Sanskrit ख (kha)?

Sanskrit सु॒ख (sukhá)

Said to be from सु- (su-) +‎ ख (kha), and to mean originally "having a good axle-hole"; but the sense "pleasant, etc." possibly reborrowed from a Prakrit form of earlier सुस्थ (sustha), from सु- (su-) +‎ स्थ (stha); compare दुःख (duḥkha).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /su.kʰɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈs̪u.kʰɐ/

Adjective

सु॒ख • (sukhá) stem

1. running swiftly or easily (only applied to cars or chariots, superlative सुखतम (sukhá-tama)), easy
2. pleasant (rarely with this meaning in Vedas), agreeable, gentle, mild (comparative सुखतर (sukhá-tará))
3. comfortable, happy, prosperous (सुखिन् (sukhin))
4. virtuous, pious

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of सुख (sukhá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	सुखः sukháḥ	सुखौ / सुखा¹ sukhaú / sukhā́¹	सुखाः / सुखासः¹ sukhā́ḥ / sukhā́saḥ¹
Vocative	सुख súkha	सुखौ / सुखा¹ súkhau / súkhā¹	सुखाः / सुखासः¹ súkhāḥ / súkhāsaḥ¹
Accusative	सुखम् sukhám	सुखौ / सुखा¹ sukhaú / sukhā́¹	सुखान् sukhā́n
Instrumental	सुखेन sukhéna	सुखाभ्याम् sukhā́bhyām	सुखैः / सुखेभिः¹ sukhaíḥ / sukhébhiḥ¹
Dative	सुखाय sukhā́ya	सुखाभ्याम् sukhā́bhyām	सुखेभ्यः sukhébhyaḥ
Ablative	सुखात् sukhā́t	सुखाभ्याम् sukhā́bhyām	सुखेभ्यः sukhébhyaḥ
Genitive	सुखस्य sukhásya	सुखयोः sukháyoḥ	सुखानाम् sukhā́nām
Locative	सुखे sukhé	सुखयोः sukháyoḥ	सुखेषु sukhéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of सुखा (sukhā́)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	सुखा sukhā́	सुखे sukhé	सुखाः sukhā́ḥ
Vocative	सुखे súkhe	सुखे súkhe	सुखाः súkhāḥ
Accusative	सुखाम् sukhā́m	सुखे sukhé	सुखाः sukhā́ḥ
Instrumental	सुखया / सुखा¹ sukháyā / sukhā́¹	सुखाभ्याम् sukhā́bhyām	सुखाभिः sukhā́bhiḥ
Dative	सुखायै sukhā́yai	सुखाभ्याम् sukhā́bhyām	सुखाभ्यः sukhā́bhyaḥ
Ablative	सुखायाः / सुखायै² sukhā́yāḥ / sukhā́yai²	सुखाभ्याम् sukhā́bhyām	सुखाभ्यः sukhā́bhyaḥ
Genitive	सुखायाः / सुखायै² sukhā́yāḥ / sukhā́yai²	सुखयोः sukháyoḥ	सुखानाम् sukhā́nām
Locative	सुखायाम् sukhā́yām	सुखयोः sukháyoḥ	सुखासु sukhā́su
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of सुख (sukhá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	सुखम् sukhám	सुखे sukhé	सुखानि / सुखा¹ sukhā́ni / sukhā́¹
Vocative	सुख súkha	सुखे súkhe	सुखानि / सुखा¹ súkhāni / súkhā¹
Accusative	सुखम् sukhám	सुखे sukhé	सुखानि / सुखा¹ sukhā́ni / sukhā́¹
Instrumental	सुखेन sukhéna	सुखाभ्याम् sukhā́bhyām	सुखैः / सुखेभिः¹ sukhaíḥ / sukhébhiḥ¹
Dative	सुखाय sukhā́ya	सुखाभ्याम् sukhā́bhyām	सुखेभ्यः sukhébhyaḥ
Ablative	सुखात् sukhā́t	सुखाभ्याम् sukhā́bhyām	सुखेभ्यः sukhébhyaḥ
Genitive	सुखस्य sukhásya	सुखयोः sukháyoḥ	सुखानाम् sukhā́nām
Locative	सुखे sukhé	सुखयोः sukháyoḥ	सुखेषु sukhéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Noun

सु॒ख • (sukhá) stem, m

1. name of a man
2. a kind of military array, compare दण्ड (daṇḍa)
3. (music) a particular mūrchanā
4. name of the city of Varuṇa
5. name of one of the 9 śaktis of Shiva

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of सुख (sukhá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	सुखः sukháḥ	सुखौ / सुखा¹ sukhaú / sukhā́¹	सुखाः / सुखासः¹ sukhā́ḥ / sukhā́saḥ¹
Vocative	सुख súkha	सुखौ / सुखा¹ súkhau / súkhā¹	सुखाः / सुखासः¹ súkhāḥ / súkhāsaḥ¹
Accusative	सुखम् sukhám	सुखौ / सुखा¹ sukhaú / sukhā́¹	सुखान् sukhā́n
Instrumental	सुखेन sukhéna	सुखाभ्याम् sukhā́bhyām	सुखैः / सुखेभिः¹ sukhaíḥ / sukhébhiḥ¹
Dative	सुखाय sukhā́ya	सुखाभ्याम् sukhā́bhyām	सुखेभ्यः sukhébhyaḥ
Ablative	सुखात् sukhā́t	सुखाभ्याम् sukhā́bhyām	सुखेभ्यः sukhébhyaḥ
Genitive	सुखस्य sukhásya	सुखयोः sukháyoḥ	सुखानाम् sukhā́nām
Locative	सुखे sukhé	सुखयोः sukháyoḥ	सुखेषु sukhéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Noun

सु॒ख • (sukhá) stem, n

1. ease, easiness
2. comfort
3. prosperity
4. pleasure
5. happiness (in m personified as a child of Dharma and Siddhi)
6. joy, delight in (+locative)

   sukham-√kṛ — to give pleasure

   महता सुखेन

   mahatā sukhena

   with great pleasure

7. the sky, heaven, atmosphere
8. water

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of सुख (sukhá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	सुखम् sukhám	सुखे sukhé	सुखानि / सुखा¹ sukhā́ni / sukhā́¹
Vocative	सुख súkha	सुखे súkhe	सुखानि / सुखा¹ súkhāni / súkhā¹
Accusative	सुखम् sukhám	सुखे sukhé	सुखानि / सुखा¹ sukhā́ni / sukhā́¹
Instrumental	सुखेन sukhéna	सुखाभ्याम् sukhā́bhyām	सुखैः / सुखेभिः¹ sukhaíḥ / sukhébhiḥ¹
Dative	सुखाय sukhā́ya	सुखाभ्याम् sukhā́bhyām	सुखेभ्यः sukhébhyaḥ
Ablative	सुखात् sukhā́t	सुखाभ्याम् sukhā́bhyām	सुखेभ्यः sukhébhyaḥ
Genitive	सुखस्य sukhásya	सुखयोः sukháyoḥ	सुखानाम् sukhā́nām
Locative	सुखे sukhé	सुखयोः sukháyoḥ	सुखेषु sukhéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Prakrit: 𑀲𑀼𑀖 (sugha), 𑀲𑀼𑀳 (suha), 𑀲𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔 (sukkha) (see there for further descendants)
• Pali: sukha
  • → Mon: သုခ
  • → Burmese: သုခ (su.hka.)
  • → Shan: သုၵ်ႉၶႃႉ (sṵ̂k khâ̰a)

Borrowed terms

• → Assamese: সুখ (xukh)
• → Bengali: সুখ (śukh)
• → Hindi: सुख (sukh)
• → Khmer: សុខ (sok)
• → Malay: suka
  • Indonesian: suka
  • → Min Nan: 舒合 (su-kah)
• → Marathi: सुख (sukh)
• → Thai: สุข (sùk)
• ⇒ Telugu: సుఖము (sukhamu)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “सुख”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1220, column 3.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “khá-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 442