tuhrata
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Finnish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Sound-symbolic; compare töhrätä, tahra.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]tuhrata (transitive)
- To dirty, soil.
- To work inefficiently, to waste (time).
- Olet tuhrannut sen lukon kanssa jo kolme tuntia.
- You have already wasted three hours with that lock.
Conjugation
[edit]Inflection of tuhrata (Kotus type 73/salata, no gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
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indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | tuhraan | en tuhraa | 1st sing. | olen tuhrannut | en ole tuhrannut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | tuhraat | et tuhraa | 2nd sing. | olet tuhrannut | et ole tuhrannut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | tuhraa | ei tuhraa | 3rd sing. | on tuhrannut | ei ole tuhrannut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | tuhraamme | emme tuhraa | 1st plur. | olemme tuhranneet | emme ole tuhranneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | tuhraatte | ette tuhraa | 2nd plur. | olette tuhranneet | ette ole tuhranneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | tuhraavat | eivät tuhraa | 3rd plur. | ovat tuhranneet | eivät ole tuhranneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | tuhrataan | ei tuhrata | passive | on tuhrattu | ei ole tuhrattu | ||||||||||||||||
past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | tuhrasin | en tuhrannut | 1st sing. | olin tuhrannut | en ollut tuhrannut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | tuhrasit | et tuhrannut | 2nd sing. | olit tuhrannut | et ollut tuhrannut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | tuhrasi | ei tuhrannut | 3rd sing. | oli tuhrannut | ei ollut tuhrannut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | tuhrasimme | emme tuhranneet | 1st plur. | olimme tuhranneet | emme olleet tuhranneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | tuhrasitte | ette tuhranneet | 2nd plur. | olitte tuhranneet | ette olleet tuhranneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | tuhrasivat | eivät tuhranneet | 3rd plur. | olivat tuhranneet | eivät olleet tuhranneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | tuhrattiin | ei tuhrattu | passive | oli tuhrattu | ei ollut tuhrattu | ||||||||||||||||
conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | tuhraisin | en tuhraisi | 1st sing. | olisin tuhrannut | en olisi tuhrannut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | tuhraisit | et tuhraisi | 2nd sing. | olisit tuhrannut | et olisi tuhrannut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | tuhraisi | ei tuhraisi | 3rd sing. | olisi tuhrannut | ei olisi tuhrannut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | tuhraisimme | emme tuhraisi | 1st plur. | olisimme tuhranneet | emme olisi tuhranneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | tuhraisitte | ette tuhraisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte tuhranneet | ette olisi tuhranneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | tuhraisivat | eivät tuhraisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat tuhranneet | eivät olisi tuhranneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | tuhrattaisiin | ei tuhrattaisi | passive | olisi tuhrattu | ei olisi tuhrattu | ||||||||||||||||
imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | tuhraa | älä tuhraa | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | tuhratkoon | älköön tuhratko | 3rd sing. | olkoon tuhrannut | älköön olko tuhrannut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | tuhratkaamme | älkäämme tuhratko | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | tuhratkaa | älkää tuhratko | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | tuhratkoot | älkööt tuhratko | 3rd plur. | olkoot tuhranneet | älkööt olko tuhranneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | tuhrattakoon | älköön tuhrattako | passive | olkoon tuhrattu | älköön olko tuhrattu | ||||||||||||||||
potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | tuhrannen | en tuhranne | 1st sing. | lienen tuhrannut | en liene tuhrannut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | tuhrannet | et tuhranne | 2nd sing. | lienet tuhrannut | et liene tuhrannut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | tuhrannee | ei tuhranne | 3rd sing. | lienee tuhrannut | ei liene tuhrannut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | tuhrannemme | emme tuhranne | 1st plur. | lienemme tuhranneet | emme liene tuhranneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | tuhrannette | ette tuhranne | 2nd plur. | lienette tuhranneet | ette liene tuhranneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | tuhrannevat | eivät tuhranne | 3rd plur. | lienevät tuhranneet | eivät liene tuhranneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | tuhrattaneen | ei tuhrattane | passive | lienee tuhrattu | ei liene tuhrattu | ||||||||||||||||
Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
1st | tuhrata | present | tuhraava | tuhrattava | |||||||||||||||||
long 1st1 |
|
past | tuhrannut | tuhrattu | |||||||||||||||||
2nd | inessive2 | tuhratessa | tuhrattaessa | agent4 | tuhraama | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | tuhraamaton | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | tuhraten | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix.
2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
3rd | inessive | tuhraamassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
elative | tuhraamasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
illative | tuhraamaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
adessive | tuhraamalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
abessive | tuhraamatta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | tuhraaman | tuhrattaman | |||||||||||||||||||
4th3 | verbal noun | tuhraaminen | |||||||||||||||||||
5th1 |
|
Synonyms
[edit]- (to soil): tahrata, tuhria, töhriä, töhrätä
- (to work inefficiently): nuhertaa, nuhrata, nyhertää, nysvätä, tuhertaa
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words][1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
Further reading
[edit]- “tuhrata”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03