rend

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See also: Rend

English

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Etymology

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From Middle English renden, from Old English rendan (“to rend, tear, cut, lacerate, cut down”), from Proto-West Germanic *(h)randijan (“to tear”), of uncertain origin. Believed by some to be the causative of Proto-Germanic *hrindaną (“to push”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱret-, *kret- (“to hit, beat”), which would make it related to Old English hrindan (“to thrust, push”). Cognate with Scots rent (“to rend, tear”), Old Frisian renda (“to tear”).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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rend (third-person singular simple present rends, present participle rending, simple past and past participle rent or rended)

  1. (transitive) To separate into parts with force or sudden violence; to split; to burst
    Powder rends a rock in blasting.
    Lightning rends an oak.
    • 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:
      If thou more murmur'st, I will rend an oak / And peg thee in his knotty entrails till / Thou hast howl'd away twelve winters.
    • 1970, Alvin Toffler, Future Shock: Bantam Books, page 317:
      We are most vulnerable now to the messages of the new subcults, to the claims and counterclaims that rend the air.
  2. (transitive) To part or tear off forcibly; to take away by force; to amputate.
  3. (intransitive) To be rent or torn; to become parted; to separate; to split.
    Relationships may rend if tempers flare.

Derived terms

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Translations

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Noun

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rend (plural rends)

  1. A violent separation of parts.
    • 2002, John S. Anderson, A Daughter of Light, page xvi:
      She'd been in a couple of minor car accidents herself, and witnessed a few others, and the rend of metal was unforgettable.

Anagrams

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Albanian

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Etymology 1

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An early loanword from a South Slavic language, from Proto-Slavic *rędъ (“row, line”) with a preserved nasal.[1][2] Compare Old Church Slavonic рѧдъ (rędŭ, “line, order”), Serbo-Croatian red (“row”), Bulgarian ред (red, “row”), and West Slavic descendant Polish rząd (“row”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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rend m (plural rende, definite rendi, definite plural rendet)

  1. row, order, line
  2. turn
  3. class, category
Declension
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Declension of rend
singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative rend rendi rende rendet
accusative rendin
dative rendi rendit rendeve rendeve
ablative rendesh
Synonyms
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Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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From Proto-Albanian *renta, from *rena, akin to Gothic 𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (rinnan) and Old Norse rinna (“to run”).[3]

Verb

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rend (aorist renda, participle rendur)

  1. to run (after), hurry (after)
    Synonym: gjëmoj

References

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  1. ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “rend”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 368
  2. ^ Omari, Anila (2012), "rend", in Marrëdhëniet gjuhësore shqiptaro-serbe, Tirana, Albania: Kristalina KH, page 250-251
  3. ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “rend”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 386

Danish

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Verb

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rend

  1. imperative of rende

French

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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rend

  1. third-person singular present indicative of rendre

Hungarian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from a Slavic language. Ultimately from Proto-Slavic *rędъ. Compare Serbo-Croatian rȇd.[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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rend (countable and uncountable, plural rendek)

  1. order (the state of being well-arranged)
  2. order (conformity with law or decorum; freedom from disturbance; general tranquillity; public quiet)
  3. order (a group of religious adherents, especially monks or nuns, set apart within their religion by adherence to a particular rule or set of principles)
    Synonym: szerzetesrend
  4. order (an association of knights)
    Synonym: lovagrend
  5. (biology, taxonomy) order (a category in the classification of organisms, ranking below class and above family; a taxon at that rank)
    Coordinate terms: törzs, osztály, család, nemzetség, (in zoology) nem, faj
  6. (historical) estate (a major social class or order of persons regarded collectively as part of the body politic of the country and formerly possessing distinct political rights (Estates of the realm))

Declension

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Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony)
singular plural
nominative rend rendek
accusative rendet rendeket
dative rendnek rendeknek
instrumental renddel rendekkel
causal-final rendért rendekért
translative renddé rendekké
terminative rendig rendekig
essive-formal rendként rendekként
essive-modal — —
inessive rendben rendekben
superessive renden rendeken
adessive rendnél rendeknél
illative rendbe rendekbe
sublative rendre rendekre
allative rendhez rendekhez
elative rendből rendekből
delative rendről rendekről
ablative rendtől rendektől
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		rendé rendeké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		rendéi rendekéi
Possessive forms of rend
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. rendem rendjeim
2nd person sing. rended rendjeid
3rd person sing. rendje rendjei
1st person plural rendünk rendjeink
2nd person plural rendetek rendjeitek
3rd person plural rendjük rendjeik

Derived terms

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Compound words with this term at the beginning
Compound words with this term at the end
Expressions

References

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  1. ^ rend in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)

Further reading

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  • rend in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
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