primer

See also: Primer

English

Etymology 1

From Middle English primer, primere, from Medieval Latin primarius and primarium (“prayer book”) possibly via Anglo-Norman primer (“prayer book”), from prima (“prime the liturgical hour and office”) + -arius and -arium (suffix forming related objects). Its use for schoolbooks derived from the late medieval and early modern use of such prayer books to teach reading.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ˈpɹaɪ.mə(ɹ)/, enPR: prīʹmə

• Audio (UK):

  (file)

• (US) IPA^(key): /ˈpɹɪ.mɚ/, enPR: prĭmʹər

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• (US, irregular, but common; borrowed from Etymology 2) IPA^(key): /ˈpɹaɪmɚ/, enPR: prīmʹər

• Audio (US, irregular pronunciation):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aɪmə(ɹ), -ɪmə(ɹ)

Noun

primer (plural primers)

1. (historical, Catholicism ecclesiastical) A prayer or devotional book intended for laity, initially an abridgment of the breviary and manual including the hours of the Virgin Mary, 15 gradual and 7 penitential psalms, the litany, the placebo and dirige forming the office of the dead, and the commendations.

   Synonyms: book of hours, prayer book

2. (historical, Protestantism ecclesiastical) Any of various similar works issued in England for private prayer in accordance with the Book of Common Prayer.
3. A children's book intended to teach literacy: how to read, write, and spell.
   • 1545, The A.B.C. Primers:
   • 1995, Neal Stephenson, The Diamond Age […] , New York: Bantam Spectra, →ISBN:

     Four-year-old Elizabeth Finkle-McGraw would receive the Young Lady's Illustrated Primer from her grandfather. Fiona Hackworth would be getting a copy of the Illustrated Primer too, for this had been John Percival Hackworth's crime: He had programmed the matter compiler to place the cockleburs on the outside of Elizabeth's book.

4. An introductory text on any subject, particularly basic concepts.
   • 1959 March, “New Reading on Railways: The Railwayman's Diesel Manual. By William F. Bolton. G. H. Lake. 7s. 6d.”, in Trains Illustrated, page 172:

     [...] The two assets of the book are clear explanation, and a multitude of extremely helpful diagrams, some in two colours, and cutaway photographs; these clearly unravel a difficult subject for the layman, as well as the student engineman for whom the primer is chiefly designed.

5. (New Zealand, obsolete) An elementary school class; an elementary school student.

Derived terms

• double great primer
• great primer
• long primer
• primer book
• primer cord
• primer school
• primer-state
• two-line great primer

 

Translations

prayer book — see prayer book

children's book introducing basic literacy

• Albanian: abetare (sq) f
• Armenian: այբբենարան (hy) (aybbenaran)
• Azerbaijani: əlifba kitabı, əlifba (az)
• Belarusian: леманта́р m (ljemantár), буква́р m (bukvár), а́збука f (ázbuka), абэцэда́р m (abecedár)
• Bulgarian: буква́р m (bukvár)
• Catalan: beceroles (ca), abecé (ca), abecedari (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 識字課本／识字课本 (shìzì kèběn)

• Czech: slabikář (cs) m
• Danish: ABC (da) c
• Dutch: abecedarium (nl) n, leesplankje (nl) n, eerste leesboek n, abc-boek (nl) n
• Estonian: aabits (et), aabitsaraamat (et)
• Finnish: aapinen (fi)
• French: abécédaire (fr) m, abc (fr) m
• Georgian: ანბანი (ka) (anbani)
• German: Fibel (de) f, Abecedarium (de) n, ABC-Buch (de) n
• Greek: αλφαβητάριο (el) n (alfavitário), αλφαβητάρι (el) n (alfavitári)
• Hebrew: אַלְפוֹן (he) m, סֵפֶר אָלֶפְבֵּית m
• Hindi: वर्ण-माला की पुस्तक f (varṇ-mālā kī pustak), प्राइमर (hi) m (prāimar), पहले पुस्तक f (pahle pustak), भजन की पुस्तक f (bhajan kī pustak)
• Hungarian: ábécéskönyv (hu), olvasókönyv (hu)
• Icelandic: stafrófskver n
• Indonesian: buku alfabet
• Irish: bunleabhar m, miontosach m, priméar m, uraiceacht m
• Italian: sillabario (it) m, abbecedario (it) m
• Kazakh: әліппе (älıppe)
• Kyrgyz: алиппе (ky) (alippe)
• Latvian: ābece (lv) m
• Lithuanian: pradžiamokslis m
• Macedonian: буквар m (bukvar)
• Malay: buku abjad
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: үсэглэл (mn) (üseglel)

• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: ABC-bok m or f, abc-bok (no) m or f, ABC m or f

• Ottoman Turkish: صوپره (supara)
• Persian:

  Iranian Persian: کِتابِ اَلِفْبا (ketâb-e alefbâ), اَلِفْبا (fa) (alefbâ)

• Polish: elementarz (pl) m, abecadło (pl) n
• Portuguese: cartilha (pt) f
• Romagnol: abezedêri m
• Romanian: abecedar (ro) n
• Russian: буква́рь (ru) m (bukvárʹ), а́збука (ru) f (ázbuka)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: бу̀ква̄р m, по̀четница f

  Roman: bùkvār (sh) m, pòčetnica (sh) f

• Silesian: ślabikorz m
• Slovak: šlabikár m
• Slovene: abecednik (sl) m
• Spanish: cartilla f, abecé (es) m, silabario (es) m
• Swedish: ABC-bok (sv) c, abc-bok (sv) c, läsebok (sv) c
• Tajik: алифбо (tg) (alifbo), китоби алифбо (kitob-i alifbo)
• Tatar: әлифба (tt) (älifba)
• Turkish: alfabe (tr), abece (tr)
• Turkmen: harplyk
• Udi: тӏетӏир (ṭeṭir)
• Ukrainian: буква́р (uk) m (bukvár), а́збука (uk) f (ázbuka), абе́тка (uk) f (abétka), абецеда́рій (uk) m (abecedárij)
• Urdu: قاعِدَہ (ur) m (qā'ida)
• Uyghur: ئېلىپبە (ëlipbe)
• Uzbek: alifbe (uz)
• Vietnamese: sách vỡ lòng, sách học vấn
• Volapük: lafababuk (vo)

introductory textbook

• Albanian: abetare (sq)
• Arabic: كِتَاب تَمْهِيدِيّ m (kitāb tamhīdiyy)
• Armenian: այբբենարան (hy) (aybbenaran)
• Belarusian: буква́р m (bukvár), а́збука f (ázbuka), леманта́р m (ljemantár)
• Bulgarian: буква́р m (bukvár), а́збучник m (ázbučnik)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 識字課本／识字课本 (shìzì kèběn), 入門書／入门书 (rùménshū)

• Czech: slabikář (cs) m
• Dutch: abecedarium (nl)
• Esperanto: aboco
• Estonian: aabits (et)
• Finnish: alkeiskirja (fi), alkeet (fi) pl
• French: abc (fr) m, abécédaire (fr) m
• German: ABC-Buch (de) n, Abecedarium (de) n, Abecedar n
• Greek: αλφαβητάριο (el) n (alfavitário)
• Hungarian: bevezető tankönyv
• Irish: bunleabhar m
• Italian: (introductory) testo elementare; (or reading) m, m
• Japanese: 入門書 (にゅうもんしょ, nyūmonsho), 初等読本 (しょとうどくほん, shotō dokuhon)
• Korean: 입문서(入門書) (immunseo)
• Latin: abecedārium (la) n
• Latvian: ābece (lv) m
• Lithuanian: abėcėlė (lt) f
• Macedonian: буквар m (bukvar)
• Manx: bun-lioar m
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: үсэглэл (mn) (üseglel)

• Ottoman Turkish: صوپره (supara)
• Polish: elementarz (pl) m
• Portuguese: cartilha (pt) f, abecedário (pt) m
• Romanian: abecedar (ro) n
• Russian: буква́рь (ru) m (bukvárʹ), а́збука (ru) f (ázbuka), абецеда́рий (ru) m (abɛcedárij)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: бу̀ква̄р m

  Roman: bùkvār (sh) m

• Skolt Sami: aabbâs
• Slovak: šlabikár m
• Slovene: abecednik (sl) m
• Spanish: abecé (es) m, cartilla f
• Ukrainian: буква́р (uk) m (bukvár), а́збука (uk) f (ázbuka), абе́тка (uk) f (abétka)
• Uzbek: alifbe (uz)
• Vietnamese: sách vỡ lòng, sách học vấn

Etymology 2

From prime +‎ -er.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ˈpɹaɪ.mə(ɹ)/, enPR: prīʹmə

• Audio (UK):

  (file)

• (US) IPA^(key): /ˈpɹaɪmɚ/, enPR: prīmʹə

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aɪmə(ɹ)

Noun

primer (countable and uncountable, plural primers)

1. Any substance or device, such as priming wire or blasting cap, used to ignite gunpowder or other explosive.
   • 1912, United States Army Ordnance Dept, Handbook of the 2.95-inch mountain gun mate/riel and pack outfit, →ISBN, page 17:

     The percussion primer, known as the “ 110-grain percussion primer,” contains an igniting charge of 95 grains of black powder in addition to the essential elements of a percussion primer.

   • 2003, Sam Fadala, The Gun Digest Blackpowder Loading Manual, →ISBN, page 73:

     Therefore, the shotgun primer is quite self- contained. It consists of a separate metal cup called a battery cup that contains the primer itself. That's why it is considered a two-piece primer.

   • 2016, Steve Sieberts, Gun Digest Shooter's Guide to Competitive Pistol Shooting, →ISBN, page 224:

     Take care when handling primers, especially ensure that your fingers are free of oil or dirt. Oil can affect the detonating properties of the primer pellet, and can be the cause of misfires if too much oil gets into the primer.

2. (obsolete) A person who primes explosives.
3. A substance used to prime wood, metal, etc. in preparation for painting.
4. A layer of such a substance.
5. A layer of makeup that goes beneath the foundation; undermakeup.
   • 1989, Stan Place, Bobbi Ray Madry, The Art and Science of Professional Makeup, →ISBN, page 95:

     The undermakeup (primer) should be allowed to dry-set for 30 seconds. Apply foundation over the primer with a sponge using light, careful strokes to blend. Undermakeups come in cream form, sponge-on wands, or sponge-on cream, and as a lotion.

6. (obsolete) A person who primes wood, metal, etc.
7. (biochemistry, genetics) A molecule which initiates the synthesis of an enzyme, (especially) a single-stranded nucleic acid molecule which initiates DNA replication.
8. (medicine, zoology) A pheromone which interacts first with the endocrine system.
9. A device used to prime an internal combustion engine with gasoline, (especially) in airplanes.
10. A person who prunes trees.

Related terms

• primary
• prime

Translations

substance used to ignite a fire

• Bulgarian: разпалка f (razpalka)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 底火 (zh) (dǐhuǒ)

• Finnish: sytyke (fi)
• French: amorce (fr) f
• Hungarian: gyújtós (hu), gyúanyag (hu), alágyújtós (hu)
• Italian: innesco (it) m
• Japanese: (for igniting) 点火剤 (tenkazai), (for explosion) 起爆剤 (ja) (kibakuzai)
• Russian: запа́л (ru) m (zapál)

small charge used to ignite gunpowder or other explosive

• Bulgarian: запалка (bg) f (zapalka)
• Danish: tændsats c, fænghætte c, knaldhætte c
• Faroese: smellhetta f, bresthetta f
• Finnish: sytytin (fi); nalli (fi) (small explosive)
• French: amorce (fr) f
• German: Zündkapsel f
• Greek: θρυαλλίδα (el) f (thryallída), καψύλλιο n (kapsýllio)
• Hungarian: gyutacs (hu)
• Icelandic: hvellhetta f
• Italian: innesco (it)
• Japanese: 雷管 (ja) (raikan)
• Macedonian: каписла f (kapisla)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: fenghette

  Nynorsk: fenghette

• Portuguese: espoleta (pt) f
• Russian: запа́л (ru) m (zapál), ка́псюль (ru) m (kápsjulʹ)
• Swedish: tändrör (sv) n, tändhatt c

person who primes explosives

• Finnish: panostaja (fi)

substance used to prime wood, metal, etc.

• Bulgarian: грунд m (grund)
• Finnish: pohjamaali
• German: Grundierung (de) f
• Hungarian: alapozó (hu), alapozó festék
• Maori: peita papatake
• Russian: грунто́вка (ru) f (gruntóvka)
• Turkish: astar (tr)

layer of cosmetic substance

• Afrikaans: basislaag

layer of priming substance

• Afrikaans: onderlaag
• Bulgarian: грунд m (grund)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 底漆 (zh) (dǐqī)

• Finnish: pohjamaali, pohjustusmaali
• French: sous-couche (fr) f
• German: Grundierung (de) f
• Greek: αστάρι (el) n (astári), επίχρισμα (el) n (epíchrisma)
• Hungarian: alapréteg (hu), alapozás (hu), alapozó réteg
• Italian: vernice di fondo, mestica (it) f
• Japanese: (paint) 砥の粉 (tonoko), 砥粉 (tonoko), 目止め (medome), 目止 (medome); (layer) 地塗り (ji-nuri), 地塗 (ji-nuri), 下塗り (ja) (shita-nuri), 下塗 (shita-nuri)
• Manx: bun-vrat
• Maori: peita papatake
• Russian: грунт (ru) m (grunt), грунто́вка (ru) f (gruntóvka)
• Serbo-Croatian: grudva (sh)

person who primes wood, metal etc.

• Finnish: pohjustaja

biology: molecule required for replication of DNA

• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 引物 (zh) (yǐnwù) (Mainland China), 引子 (zh) (yǐnzi) (Taiwan)

• Finnish: aluke (fi)
• French: amorce (fr)
• Italian: innesco (it) m
• Japanese: プライマー (puraimā)
• Portuguese: iniciador (pt)
• Spanish: iniciador (es), cebador (es), partidor (es)

medicine, zoology: pheromone which interacts first

• Finnish: alustava feromoni

device used to prime an internal combustion engine with gasoline

• Finnish: sytytin (fi)
• Greek: εγχυτήρας (el) m (enchytíras)
• Italian: iniettore (it) m
• Japanese: チョーク (ja) (chōku)
• Spanish: ignitor (es)

person who prunes trees

• Finnish: karsija (fi)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Dutch: ^{(please verify)} inleiding de
• Korean: ^{(please verify)} 뇌관 (noegwan)

Etymology 3

From Anglo-Norman primer (“first”), from Latin prīmārius (“first”).

Adjective

primer (not comparable)

1. (obsolete) First in time, initial, early.
   • 1612, Michael Drayton, “(please specify the chapter)”, in [John Selden], editor, Poly-Olbion. Or A Chorographicall Description of Tracts, Riuers, Mountaines, Forests, and Other Parts of this Renowned Isle of Great Britaine, […], London: […] H[umphrey] L[ownes] for Mathew Lownes; I[ohn] Browne; I[ohn] Helme; I[ohn] Busbie, published 1613, →OCLC:

     the primer English kings

2. (obsolete) First in importance, premier.
3. (obsolete, rare) First in position, foremost.

Derived terms

• primer fine
• primer seizin

Further reading

• Prime, Primer and Priming in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

Catalan

Catalan numbers ^(edit)

		10[a], [b], [c]
		1	2  →	10  → [a], [b], [c]
Cardinal: u, un     Ordinal: primer     Ordinal abbreviation: 1r
Catalan Wikipedia article on 1

Etymology

Inherited from Old Catalan primer, from Latin prīmārius.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [pɾiˈme]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [pɾiˈmeɾ]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -e(ɾ)

Adjective

primer (feminine primera, masculine plural primers, feminine plural primeres)

1. (ordinal number) first
2. (mathematics) prime (having no divisor except itself and 1):

Derived terms

• a la taula i al llit, al primer crit
• nombre primer
• primer ministre
• primera ministra
• primerament
• primers auxilis

 

Adverb

primer

1. first; before anything else

References

• “primer” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “primer” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pʁi.me/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio (Canada):

  (file)

Verb

primer

1. to dominate, to be dominant over
2. to win (a prize)
3. to prevail, take precedent

Conjugation

Conjugation of primer (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	primer
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	primant /pʁi.mɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		primé /pʁi.me/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	prime /pʁim/	primes /pʁim/	prime /pʁim/	primons /pʁi.mɔ̃/	primez /pʁi.me/	priment /pʁim/
	imperfect	primais /pʁi.mɛ/	primais /pʁi.mɛ/	primait /pʁi.mɛ/	primions /pʁi.mjɔ̃/	primiez /pʁi.mje/	primaient /pʁi.mɛ/
	past historic2	primai /pʁi.me/	primas /pʁi.ma/	prima /pʁi.ma/	primâmes /pʁi.mam/	primâtes /pʁi.mat/	primèrent /pʁi.mɛʁ/
	future	primerai /pʁim.ʁe/	primeras /pʁim.ʁa/	primera /pʁim.ʁa/	primerons /pʁim.ʁɔ̃/	primerez /pʁim.ʁe/	primeront /pʁim.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	primerais /pʁim.ʁɛ/	primerais /pʁim.ʁɛ/	primerait /pʁim.ʁɛ/	primerions /pʁi.mə.ʁjɔ̃/	primeriez /pʁi.mə.ʁje/	primeraient /pʁim.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	prime /pʁim/	primes /pʁim/	prime /pʁim/	primions /pʁi.mjɔ̃/	primiez /pʁi.mje/	priment /pʁim/
	imperfect2	primasse /pʁi.mas/	primasses /pʁi.mas/	primât /pʁi.ma/	primassions /pʁi.ma.sjɔ̃/	primassiez /pʁi.ma.sje/	primassent /pʁi.mas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	prime /pʁim/	—	primons /pʁi.mɔ̃/	primez /pʁi.me/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Further reading

• “primer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Hungarian

Etymology

From German primär, from French primaire, from Latin primarius.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈprimɛr]
• Hyphenation: pri‧mer
• Rhymes: -ɛr

Adjective

primer (comparative primerebb, superlative legprimerebb)

1. primary

   primer feszültség ― primary voltage

Declension

Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	primer	primerek
accusative	primert	primereket
dative	primernek	primereknek
instrumental	primerrel	primerekkel
causal-final	primerért	primerekért
translative	primerré	primerekké
terminative	primerig	primerekig
essive-formal	primerként	primerekként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	primerben	primerekben
superessive	primeren	primereken
adessive	primernél	primereknél
illative	primerbe	primerekbe
sublative	primerre	primerekre
allative	primerhez	primerekhez
elative	primerből	primerekből
delative	primerről	primerekről
ablative	primertől	primerektől
non-attributive possessive - singular	primeré	primereké
non-attributive possessive - plural	primeréi	primerekéi

Further reading

• primer in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch primair, from French primaire, from Latin prīmārius.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈprimɛr]
• Rhymes: -mɛr, -ɛr, -r
• Hyphenation: pri‧mèr

Adjective

primèr

1. primary:
   1. first or earliest in a group or series.
   2. main; principal; chief; placed ahead of others.

Alternative forms

• primair (law)

Further reading

• “primer” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Old French

Adjective

primer m (oblique and nominative feminine singular primere)

1. Alternative form of premier

Adverb

primer

1. Alternative form of premier

Noun

primer oblique singular, m (oblique plural primers, nominative singular primers, nominative plural primer)

1. Alternative form of premier
2. (Anglo-Norman) primer (hymn book)

References

• primer on the Anglo-Norman On-Line Hub

Serbo-Croatian

Alternative forms

• prímjer (Ijekavian)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /prǐːmer/
• Hyphenation: pri‧mer

Noun

prímer m (Cyrillic spelling при́мер)

1. example, instance
2. model, paragon
3. precedence

Declension

Declension of primer

	singular	plural
nominative	primer	primeri
genitive	primera	primera
dative	primeru	primerima
accusative	primer	primere
vocative	primeru	primeri
locative	primeru	primerima
instrumental	primerom	primerima

Derived terms

• prímerak
• prímeran
• prìmeren
• prìmereno
• prímericē

 

Slovene

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /priméːr/

Noun

primẹ̑r m inan

1. example (something representative of a group)

Inflection

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Masculine inan., hard o-stem
nom. sing.	primér
gen. sing.	priméra
	singular	dual	plural
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	primér	priméra	priméri
genitive (rodȋlnik)	priméra	primérov	primérov
dative (dajȃlnik)	priméru	priméroma	primérom
accusative (tožȋlnik)	primér	priméra	primére
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	priméru	primérih	primérih
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	primérom	priméroma	priméri

Derived terms

• na prímer

Spanish

Spanish numbers ^(edit)

	1
Cardinal: uno     Apocopated cardinal: un     Ordinal: primero     Apocopated ordinal: primer     Ordinal abbreviation: 1.º     Multiplier: simple     Distributive: sendos
Spanish Wikipedia article on 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pɾiˈmeɾ/ [pɾiˈmeɾ]
• Rhymes: -eɾ
• Syllabification: pri‧mer

Adjective

primer m (apocopate, standard form primero)

1. (before the noun) Apocopic form of primero (first)

   el primer hijo ― the first child

2. (informal, proscribed) Apocopic form of primera (first)

Usage notes

• The form primer is only used before and within the noun phrase of a modified masculine singular noun. In other positions, the standard form primero is used instead.

Further reading

• “primer”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), 23rd edition, Royal Spanish Academy, 2014 October 16