jelenik
Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]jelen (adverb) + -ik (verb ending).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]jelenik
- (intransitive) Only used in megjelenik (“to appear”)
Usage notes
[edit]This form only occurs when a verbal prefix is separated from the verb:
- jelenik (…) meg, meg … jelenik ― megjelenik
This verb is called a pseudo-ik verb, as its -ik ending presents itself only in the 3rd-person singular (indicative present) form, but it is not an -ik verb in any other aspect. As a result, it cannot take the -om/-em/-öm ending in the 1st-person singular (indicative present) form, even in the most erudite style, only -ok/-ek/-ök. Naturally, the optional -m ending cannot appear, either, in their subjunctive or conditional 1st-person singular forms, so only -jak/-jek and -nék is possible in these respective forms. These verbs include the following: bomlik, (el)bújik, (meg)érik, (le)folyik, (össze)gyűlik, hazudik, (le)hull(ik), (bele)/(oda)illik, (meg)jelenik, (el)kopik, (el)múlik, ömlik, (meg)születik, (meg)szűnik, (meg)telik, tojik, (el)törik, (el)/(fel)tűnik, (el)válik, and (el)züllik. (Ki)nyílik partially belongs here, as it cannot take the first-person -om ending but it can take the third-person -jék.
Conjugation
[edit]| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | jelenek | jelensz | jelenik | jelenünk | jelentek | jelennek | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | jelentem | jelentél | jelent | jelentünk | jelentetek | jelentek | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. jelenni fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | jelenék or jeleném |
jelenél | jelene or jelenék |
jelenénk | jelenétek | jelenének | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. jelenik vala, jelent vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | jelenendek (or jelenendem) |
jelenendesz (or jelenendel) |
jelenend (or jelenendik*) |
jelenendünk | jelenendetek | jelenendenek | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | jelennék (or jelenném) |
jelennél | jelenne (or jelennék*) |
jelennénk | jelennétek | jelennének | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. jelent volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | jelenjek | jelenj or jelenjél |
jelenjen or jelenjék |
jelenjünk | jelenjetek | jelenjenek | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. jelent légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | jelenni | jelennem | jelenned | jelennie | jelennünk | jelennetek | jelenniük | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| jelenés | jelenő | jelent | ― | jelenve (jelenvén) | jelentet | ||||
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | jelenhetek | jelenhetsz (or jelenhetel) |
jelenhet (or jelenhetik) |
jelenhetünk | jelenhettek | jelenhetnek | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | jelenhettem | jelenhettél | jelenhetett | jelenhettünk | jelenhettetek | jelenhettek | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | jelenheték or jelenhetém |
jelenhetél | jelenhete or jelenheték |
jelenheténk | jelenhetétek | jelenhetének | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. jelenhet vala, jelenhetett vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | jelenhetendek or jelenandhatok (or jelenhetendem or jelenandhatom) |
jelenhetendesz or jelenandhatsz (or jelenhetendel or jelenandhatol) |
jelenhetend or jelenandhat (or jelenhetendik or jelenandhatik*) |
jelenhetendünk or jelenandhatunk |
jelenhetendetek or jelenandhattok |
jelenhetendenek or jelenandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | jelenhetnék (or jelenhetném) |
jelenhetnél | jelenhetne (or jelenhetnék*) |
jelenhetnénk | jelenhetnétek | jelenhetnének | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. jelenhetett volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | jelenhessek (or jelenhessem) |
jelenhess or jelenhessél |
jelenhessen (or jelenhessék) |
jelenhessünk | jelenhessetek | jelenhessenek | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. jelenhetett légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (jelenhetni) | (jelenhetnem) | (jelenhetned) | (jelenhetnie) | (jelenhetnünk) | (jelenhetnetek) | (jelenhetniük) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (jelenhetve / jelenhetvén) | ||||
Derived terms
[edit](With verbal prefixes):
References
[edit]- ^ jelenik in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading
[edit]- megjelenik in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN