hrw

See also: ḫrw, ẖrw, and HRW

Egyptian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈhaɾwuw/ → /ˈhaʔwuw/ → /ˈhaʔwə/ → /ˈhaʔw/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈhaɾwuw/ (singular); IPA^(key): /haˈɾuww/ (plural)
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈhaʔwuw/ (singular); IPA^(key): /haˈɾuww/ (plural)
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈhaʔwə/ (singular); IPA^(key): /həˈɾuww/ (plural)
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈhaʔw/ (singular); IPA^(key): /həˈɾøww/ (plural)

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /hɛruː/
  • Conventional anglicization: heru

Noun

 m

1. day (period of daylight)
   • Early 6th Dynasty, Tomb of Nyankhnesut, Relief of Agricultural Scenes (Cleveland 1930.736), lower register, caption above farmer with outstretched arms:

     hrw nfr p(j)

     “It’s a beautiful day!”

   • c. 1401 BCE, Amduat of Amenhotep II (tomb of Amenhotep II, KV35) First Hour, closing text, line 11:

     jt.k grḥ jnt.k hrw

     May you take away the night; may you bring the day.

Inflection

Declension of hrw (masculine u-stem)

singular	hrw hárwuw
dual	hrwwj harúwwaj
plural	hrw harúww

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of hrw  

hrw	hrw	hrw	hr
			[New Kingdom]
abbreviation	abbreviation

Derived terms

• jmj hrw.f
• m ẖrt-hrw
• rw nw prt m hrw
• hrw-ḥꜣb
• ẖrt-hrw

 

Descendants

• Demotic: hrw
  • Bohairic Coptic: ⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ (ehoou)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ϩⲟⲟⲩ (hoou)
  • Fayyumic Coptic: ϩⲁⲟⲩ (haou), ϩⲁⲩ (hau), ϩⲁⲁⲟⲩ (haaou), ϩⲁⲁⲩ (haau), ϩⲟⲟⲩ (hoou)
  • Lycopolitan Coptic: ϩⲟⲟⲩ (hoou), ϩⲟⲟⲩⲉ (hooue)
  • Akhmimic Coptic: ϩⲟⲟⲩⲉ (hooue), ϩⲱⲟⲩⲉ (hōoue)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /hɛruː/
  • Conventional anglicization: heru

Verb

 3ae inf.

1. (intransitive) to be(come) calm, patient, at peace
2. (intransitive) to be(come) satisfied, at peace, content (+ ḥr: with)
3. (intransitive) to be(come) happy (+ ḥr: about)
4. (intransitive, of words and objects) to be(come) pleasant, pleasing

Inflection

Conjugation of hrw (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: hr, geminated stem: hrr

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
hrt, hrj	hrw, hr	hrt, hrwt, hryt	hr	hr, hry

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
hr8, hrr8	ḥr hrt, ḥr hrj	m hrt, m hrj	r hrt, r hrj

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	contingent
		aspect / mood	active
perfect	hr.n	consecutive	hr.jn
terminative	hrt, hryt
perfective3	hr	obligative1	hr.ḫr
imperfective	hr, hry
prospective3	hrw, hr, hry	potentialis1	hr.kꜣ
subjunctive	hr, hry

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms	participles
	active	active	passive
perfect	hr.n	—	—
perfective	hrw1, hry, hr	hr	hry, hr
imperfective	hrr, hrry, hrrw5	hrr, hrrj6, hrry6	hrr, hrrw5
prospective	hrw1, hry, hr, hrtj7	hrwtj1 4, hrtj4, hrt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of hrw  

hrw	hrj
	[New Kingdom]

Derived terms

• hrw-jb
• hrrt

 

Descendants

• Bohairic Coptic: ϩⲉⲣⲓ (heri)
• Sahidic Coptic: ϩⲣⲣⲉ (hrre)

References

• “hrw (lemma ID 99060)” and “hru̯ (lemma ID 99050)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1928) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[2], volume 2, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 496.6–497.20, 498–500.24
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 159
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 107, 183.