bos

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See also: Bos, bô, bõs, boš, boș, boş, bo's, Bos., and Boś

Translingual

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Symbol

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bos

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Bosnian.

English

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Noun

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bos

  1. plural of bo

Anagrams

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Afrikaans

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Etymology

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From Dutch bos, from Middle Dutch bosch, busch, from Old Dutch *busc, from Proto-West Germanic *busk, from Proto-Germanic *buskaz.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /bɔs/
  • Audio:(file)

Noun

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bos (plural bosse, diminutive bossie)

  1. wood, forest
  2. bush, shrub
  3. bunch, bundle, sheaf, bouquet
    Hy het vir my 'n bossie blomme gegee.
    He gave me a bunch/bouquet of flowers.

Derived terms

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Aragonese

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Pronoun

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bos

  1. Superseded spelling of vos.

Cornish

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-Celtic *butā, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to be”).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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bos (irregular)

  1. to be
  2. (Revived Late Cornish, future, preterite or conditional tenses) to have; to get
    My a veu own.
    I was frightened.
    (literally, “I had fright.”)
    Nei via pris da rag an hern.
    We would get a good price for the pilchards.
    Termyn aral hwei vedh moy.
    Another time you will have more.

Conjugation

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  Standard Cornish
Indicative Subjunctive Imperative
Present
(short)		 Present
(long)		 Future-
Habitual		 Imperfect
(short)		 Imperfect
(long)		 Preterite Conditional Present-
future		 Imperfect
1s ov vy, oma esof vy, eroma bedhaf vy en vy esen vy, eren vy beuv vy bien vy biv vy, byma ben vy -
2s os jy, osta esos jy, esta bedhyth jy, bedhys jy es jy eses jy, eres jy beus jy, beusta bies jy by jy, bosta bes jy, besta bëdh, bÿdh
3s yw ev, ywa yma ev, usy ev, eus bëdh ev, bÿdh ev o ev esa ev, eja ev, era ev beu ev bia ev bo ev be ev bedhes
1p on ny eson ny, eron ny bedhyn ny en ny esen ny, eren ny beun ny bien ny bon ny ben ny bedhyn
2p owgh why esowgh, erowgh why bedhowgh why ewgh why esewgh why, erewgh why bewgh why biewgh why bowgh why bewgh why bedhowgh
3p yns y ymowns y, ymôns y, usons y bedhons y êns y esens y, erens y bowns y biens y bowns y bêns y bedhens
Present participle: ow pos, ow pones
  Standard Written Form (Middle Cornish)
Indicative Subjunctive Imperative
Present
(short)		 Present
(long)		 Future-
Habitual		 Imperfect
(short)		 Imperfect
(long)		 Preterite Conditional Present-
future		 Imperfect
1s ov vy, o'ma esov vy bydhav vy en vy esen vy beuv vy bien vy biv vy, bon vy ben vy -
2s os jy, os ta esos jy, es ta bydhydh jy es jy eses jy beus jy bies jy bi jy, bos jy bes jy bydh
3s yw ev yma ev, usi ev, eus bydh ev o ev esa ev beu ev bia ev bo ev be ev bedhes
1p on ni eson ni bydhyn ni en ni esen ni beun ni bien ni byn ni, bon ni ben ni bedhyn
2p owgh hwi esowgh hwi bydhowgh hwi ewgh hwi esewgh hwi bewgh hwi biewgh hwi bowgh hwi bewgh hwi bedhowgh
3p yns i ymons i, usons i bydhons i ens i esens i bons i biens i bons i bens i bedhens
0 or eder bedher os eses beus bies ber bes -
Present participle: ow pos
Verbal adjective: (not used)
  Standard Written Form (Revived Late Cornish)
Indicative Subjunctive Imperative
Present
(short)		 Present
(long)		 Future-
Habitual		 Imperfect
(short)1		 Imperfect
(long)1		 Preterite Conditional Present-
future		 Imperfect2
1s om, o'ma, o'vy erom, ero'ma, ero'vy bedham, bedha'ma, bedha'vy om, o'ma, o'vy ere'vy beu'ma, beu'vy biem, bie'vy bon, bo'ma, bo'vy be'vy -
2s os, o'chy, os ta ero'chy, es'ta bedhys, bedhys ta os, o'chy, os ta ere'chy, es'ta beus ta, beu'chy bies, bie'chy bos, bo'ta, bo'chy bes, bes ta bedh
3s ew, ewa (m.) ma, eus, uji bedh, bedha (m.) o era beu bia bo be bedhes, bedhens
1p on, o'nei ero'nei bedhyn o'nei ere'nei beu'nei bie'nei bon, bo'nei ben, be'nei bedhyn
2p o'hwei ero'hwei bedho'hwei o'hwei ere'hwei bo'hwei, bew', be'hwei bie'hwi bow', bo'hwi bew', bew'hwei bedhow', bedhew'
3p ens, en'jei mons, mon'jei, ma jei, ujons, ujon'jei bedhons, bedh anjei o'njei, o anjei eren'jei, era anjei bon'jei, beu anjei biens, bia anjei bons, bo anjei bens, be anjei bedhens
0 - - - - - - - - - -
Present participle: o pos
Verbal adjective: (not used)
1 The Revived Late Cornish short forms for the imperfect tense are often identical to those used in the present tense. In the long forms, many imperfect and present tense forms in Revived Late Cornish may be distinguished in writing, but they are often pronounced identically.

2 The imperfect subjunctive has been replaced by the present-future subjunctive. Words such as mar (“if”) that trigger the imperfect subjunctive are used with other tenses:
• (present): mar th'ew da genow' gosowes "if you like to listen"
• (conditional): mar kressa an den gweles "if the man saw"

Orthography note: The apologetic apostrophe is used in Standard Written Form to indicate a contraction or a dropped consonant, but in practice is either dropped or replaced with a space — although usually not after th (“preverbal particle used to mark affirmative verb in a main clause”).

Mutation

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  Mutation of bos  
Cornish consonant mutation
unmutated soft aspirate hard mixed mixed after 'th
bos vos unchanged pos fos vos

Czech

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Pronunciation

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Adjective

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bos

  1. (literary) short masculine singular of bosý
    Synonym: bosky

Derived terms

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Further reading

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  • “bos”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
  • “bos”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

Dalmatian

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Etymology 1

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Possibly from Latin buxus (“box tree”).

Noun

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bos m

  1. oak tree

Etymology 2

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Unknown.

Noun

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bos m

  1. thigh, hind quarters

Danish

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Noun

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bos n

  1. indefinite genitive singular of bo

Dutch

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een bos (n, a forest)

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Middle Dutch bosch, busch, from Old Dutch *busc, from Proto-West Germanic *busk, from Proto-Germanic *buskaz.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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bos n (plural bossen, diminutive bosje n)

  1. wood, forest
    Zij ging wandelen in de bossen.
    She went walking in the woods.
  2. (Suriname) jungle, tropical rainforest
    • 2013, Scrappy W (lyrics and music), “Super Saamaka”:
      Ik woon in de stad en ik kom uit het bos / Toerisme gestudeerd en ik ben tevens kok / Mensen vinden me tof, grof, onbeschoft / en respect voor mijn buurvrouw want die noemt me os
      I live in the city and I'm from the jungle / Studied tourism and I am also a cook / People think I am harsh, rude, uncouth / and respect for my neighbour because she calls me an ox

Noun

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bos m (plural bossen, diminutive bosje n)

  1. bouquet, cluster, bunch
    Hij bracht een bosje bloemen mee.
    He brought me a bouquet of flowers.

Derived terms

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-in Dutch toponyms:

Descendants

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  • Afrikaans: bos
  • Berbice Creole Dutch: bosi
  • Negerhollands: boesch, bosch
  • → Aukan: bosu
  • → Caribbean Javanese: bos (bunch, bundle)
  • → English: bush
  • →? Guyanese Creole English: bush
  • → Indonesian: bos
  • → Papiamentu: bòshi, bosji (from the diminutive)
  • → Sranan Tongo: bosu (bunch, bundle)
  • → Sranan Tongo: busi (forest)
    • → Caribbean Javanese: busi
    • → Kwinti: busi
    • → Ndyuka-Trio Pidgin: busi

Friulian

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Etymology

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From Latin buxus, from Ancient Greek πύξος (púxos).

Noun

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bos m (plural bos)

  1. box (tree)
  2. boxwood

Galician

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Adjective

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bos

  1. masculine plural of bo

Guinea-Bissau Creole

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Etymology

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From Portuguese vos. Cognate with Kabuverdianu bo.

Pronoun

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bos

  1. you (plural second person)

Indonesian

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈbɔs]
  • Hyphenation: bos

Etymology 1

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From Dutch bos (“cluster, bunch”), from Middle Dutch bosch, busch, from Old Dutch *busc, from Proto-Germanic *buskaz.

Noun

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bos (first-person possessive bosku, second-person possessive bosmu, third-person possessive bosnya)

  1. cluster, bunch.

Etymology 2

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From English boss, from Dutch baas, from Middle Dutch baes (“master of a household, friend”), from Old Dutch *baso (“uncle, kinsman”), from Proto-Germanic *baswô, masculine form of Proto-Germanic *baswǭ (“father's sister, aunt, cousin”). Cognate with Middle Low German bās (“supervisor, foreman”), Old Frisian bas (“master”) > Saterland Frisian Boas (“boss”), Old High German basa (“father's sister, cousin”) > German Base (“aunt, cousin”). Doublet of bas.

Noun

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bos (plural bos-bos, first-person possessive bosku, second-person possessive bosmu, third-person possessive bosnya)

  1. boss, leader, head
    Synonyms: bas, mandor, pemborong, pembesar, kepala

Further reading

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Irish

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Old Irish bas, bos (“palm”),[1] from Proto-Celtic *bostā (“palm, fist”) (compare Breton boz (“hollow of the hand”)), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷosto-, *gʷosdʰo- (“branch”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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bos f (genitive singular boise, nominative plural bosa)

  1. (anatomy) palm of the hand
    Synonym: dearna
  2. (hurling) the flattened, curved end of a hurley

Declension

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Declension of bos

Second declension

Bare forms

Case Singular Plural
Nominative bos bosa
Vocative a bhos a bhosa
Genitive boise bos
Dative bois bosa

Forms with the definite article

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an bhos na bosa
Genitive na boise na mbos
Dative leis an mbois

don bhois

leis na bosa

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Mutation

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Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
bos bhos mbos
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

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  1. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 bas”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  2. ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 350, page 120

Further reading

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Karakalpak

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Etymology

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From Proto-Turkic *boĺ.

Adjective

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bos

  1. empty

References

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  • N. A. Baskakov, editor (1958), “бос”, in Karakalpaksko-Russkij Slovarʹ, Moscow: Akademija Nauk Uzbekskoj SSR, →ISBN

Kristang

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Etymology

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From Portuguese vós (“ye”), from Old Galician-Portuguese vos, from Latin vōs (“ye”).

Pronoun

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bos

  1. you; thou (second-person singular personal pronoun)[1]

See also

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Kristang personal pronouns (edit)
Person Singular Plural
First yo nus
Second bos bolotu
Third eli olotu

References

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  1. ^ 2010, Ladislav Prištic, Kristang - Crioulo de Base Portuguesa, Masaryk University, page 26.

Ladino

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Noun

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bos f (Latin spelling, plural bozes)

  1. Alternative form of boz

Latin

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Latin Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia la
bōs (a bull)

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Irregular, for the expected **vōs/**ūs, accusative **vom, oblique stem **vov-, from Proto-Italic *gʷōs, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws, which also gave Ancient Greek βοῦς (boûs), Sanskrit गो (go) (nominative singular gaúḥ), and English cow.

Most likely a borrowing from Sabellic (Oscan-Umbrian), attested as Umbrian bum (acc.sg.), bue (abl.sg.), buo (gen.pl.), buf (acc.pl.) all spelling /bō-/. This was likely motivated by the fact that the expected form would have produced an undesirable homonymic clash: with vōs (“you”) in the nominative and with ovis (“sheep”) in the oblique. It's unclear whether the borrowing included the entire paradigm, or just the initial consonant.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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bōs m or f (irregular, genitive bovis); third declension

  1. head of cattle (cow, bull, steer, or ox)
    • c. 98 CE, Tacitus, Germania 18:
      Hoc iuncti boves, hoc paratus equus, hoc data arma denuntiant.
      The yoked oxen, the harnessed steed, the gift of arms, proclaim this fact.

Declension

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Third-declension noun (irregular).

Case Singular Plural
Nominative bōs bovēs
Genitive bovis boum
bovum
boverum
Dative bovī bōbus
būbus
bovibus
Accusative bovem bovēs
Ablative bove
bovīd 		bōbus
būbus
bovibus
Vocative bōs bovēs
  • The medial /w/ is often found spelled B, normally not spelled in the form boum, and is sometimes lost in the forms bo(v)e and bo(v)ēs.
  • The ablative singular is once the archaizing bovīd in an inscription.

Synonyms

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Hypernyms

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Hyponyms

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Derived terms

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Descendants

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References

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Further reading

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  • “bos”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “bos”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • bos in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • bos in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • “On Latin bōs”, in laohutiger.wordpress.com, 2012 January 2, retrieved 2021-06-16

Norwegian Nynorsk

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Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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bos n (definite singular boset, uncountable)

  1. (Western and Southern Norway) garbage, rubbish, waste
    Synonyms: avfall, søppel
  2. straw for or from a strawbed

Further reading

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Old Frisian

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Ēn bōs.

Etymology

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From Proto-West Germanic *bans, from Proto-Germanic *bansaz (“stall”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ- (“to bind”). Cognates include Old English *bōs, Old Saxon *bōs and Old Norse báss.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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bōs m

  1. stall, byre

Descendants

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  • Saterland Frisian: Buus
  • West Frisian: bús

References

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  • Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN

Romanian

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Noun

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bos m (plural boși)

  1. Alternative form of boss

Declension

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Declension of bos
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) bos bosul (niște) boși boșii
genitive/dative (unui) bos bosului (unor) boși boșilor
vocative bosule boșilor

Sardinian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Latin vōs, from Proto-Italic *wōs, from the oblique case forms of Proto-Indo-European *yū́ (“you”).

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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bos (possessive bostru)

  1. you (plural), ye
    Synonyms: bois, bosateros

Serbo-Croatian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bosъ.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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bȏs (Cyrillic spelling бо̑с, definite bȏsī)

  1. barefoot

Declension

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indefinite forms
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative bos bosa boso
genitive bosa bose bosa
dative bosu bosoj bosu
accusative inanimate
animate 		bos
bosa 		bosu boso
vocative bos bosa boso
locative bosu bosoj bosu
instrumental bosim bosom bosim
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative bosi bose bosa
genitive bosih bosih bosih
dative bosim(a) bosim(a) bosim(a)
accusative bose bose bosa
vocative bosi bose bosa
locative bosim(a) bosim(a) bosim(a)
instrumental bosim(a) bosim(a) bosim(a)
definite forms
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative bosi bosa boso
genitive bosog(a) bose bosog(a)
dative bosom(u/e) bosoj bosom(u/e)
accusative inanimate
animate 		bosi
bosog(a) 		bosu boso
vocative bosi bosa boso
locative bosom(e/u) bosoj bosom(e/u)
instrumental bosim bosom bosim
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative bosi bose bosa
genitive bosih bosih bosih
dative bosim(a) bosim(a) bosim(a)
accusative bose bose bosa
vocative bosi bose bosa
locative bosim(a) bosim(a) bosim(a)
instrumental bosim(a) bosim(a) bosim(a)

Slovene

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Etymology

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From Proto-Slavic *bosъ.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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bȍs or bòs (not comparable)

  1. barefoot

Inflection

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 The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.
Hard
masculine feminine neuter
nom. sing. bós bósa bóso
singular
masculine feminine neuter
nominative bós ind
bósi def 		bósa bóso
genitive bósega bóse bósega
dative bósemu bósi bósemu
accusative nominativeinan or
genitiveanim 		bóso bóso
locative bósem bósi bósem
instrumental bósim bóso bósim
dual
masculine feminine neuter
nominative bósa bósi bósi
genitive bósih bósih bósih
dative bósima bósima bósima
accusative bósa bósi bósi
locative bósih bósih bósih
instrumental bósima bósima bósima
plural
masculine feminine neuter
nominative bósi bóse bósa
genitive bósih bósih bósih
dative bósim bósim bósim
accusative bóse bóse bósa
locative bósih bósih bósih
instrumental bósimi bósimi bósimi
The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.
Hard
masculine feminine neuter
nom. sing. bòs bôsa bôso
singular
masculine feminine neuter
nominative bòs ind
bôsi def 		bôsa bôso
genitive bôsega bôse bôsega
dative bôsemu bôsi bôsemu
accusative nominativeinan or
genitiveanim 		bôso bôso
locative bôsem bôsi bôsem
instrumental bôsim bôso bôsim
dual
masculine feminine neuter
nominative bôsa bôsi bôsi
genitive bôsih bôsih bôsih
dative bôsima bôsima bôsima
accusative bôsa bôsi bôsi
locative bôsih bôsih bôsih
instrumental bôsima bôsima bôsima
plural
masculine feminine neuter
nominative bôsi bôse bôsa
genitive bôsih bôsih bôsih
dative bôsim bôsim bôsim
accusative bôse bôse bôsa
locative bôsih bôsih bôsih
instrumental bôsimi bôsimi bôsimi

Further reading

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  • “bos”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2024

Swedish

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Noun

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bos

  1. indefinite genitive singular of bo

Verb

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bos

  1. passive infinitive of bo
  2. present passive of bo

Synonyms

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Anagrams

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Tagalog

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Borrowed from English boss.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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bos (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜓᜐ᜔) (colloquial)

  1. boss, chief, head
    Synonyms: hepe, puno
  2. a male term of address

Derived terms

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Further reading

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  • “boss”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

Tok Pisin

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Etymology

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From English boss.

Noun

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bos

  1. boss, overseer, master
    • 1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 1:26:
      Bihain God i tok olsem, “Nau yumi wokim ol manmeri bai ol i kamap olsem yumi yet. Bai yumi putim ol i stap bos bilong ol pis na ol pisin na bilong olgeta kain animal na bilong olgeta samting bilong graun.”
      →New International Version translation

Synonyms

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Volapük

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Pronoun

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bos

  1. something

Declension

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    declension of bos
singular plural
nominative bos boss
genitive bosa bosas
dative bose boses
accusative bosi bosis
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