bar

See also: Bar, and Appendix:Variations of "bar"

㍴	U+3374, ㍴ SQUARE BAR

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English

Pronunciation

(Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /bɑː/
(General American) enPR: bär, IPA^(key): /bɑɹ/, [bɑɹ], [bɑ˞]
(General Australian) IPA^(key): /baː/
Audio (US): (file)
Audio (UK): (file)
Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)
Homophones: baa, bah (in some pronunciations)

Etymology 1

From Middle English barre, from Old French barre (“beam, bar, gate, barrier”), from Vulgar Latin *barra, of uncertain origin. Doublet of barre.

Noun

bar (countable and uncountable, plural bars)

A solid, more or less rigid object of metal or wood with a uniform cross-section smaller than its length.
The window was protected by steel bars.
(countable, uncountable, metallurgy) A solid metal object with uniform (round, square, hexagonal, octagonal or rectangular) cross-section; in the US its smallest dimension is ¹⁄₄ inch or greater, a piece of thinner material being called a strip.
Ancient Sparta used iron bars instead of handy coins in more valuable alloy, to physically discourage the use of money.

We are expecting a carload of bar tomorrow.
A cuboid piece of any solid commodity.
bar of chocolate

bar of soap
A broad shaft, band, or stripe.
a bar of light

a bar of colour
A long, narrow drawn or printed rectangle, cuboid or cylinder, especially as used in a bar code or a bar chart.
(typography) Any of various lines used as punctuation or diacritics, such as the pipe ⟨|⟩, fraction bar (as in 12), and strikethrough (as in Ⱥ), formerly (obsolete) including oblique marks such as the slash.
Hyponyms: pipe, strikethrough, macron
(mathematics) The sign indicating that the characteristic of a logarithm is negative, conventionally placed above the digit(s) to show that it applies to the characteristic only and not to the mantissa.
(physics) A similar sign indicating that the charge on a particle is the negative of its usual value (and that consequently the particle is in fact an antiparticle).
A business selling alcoholic drinks for consumption on the premises, or the premises themselves; a public house.
Synonyms: barroom, ginshop, (British) pub, public house, tavern; see also Thesaurus:pub

The street was lined with all-night bars.
The counter of such premises.
Synonym: wet bar

Step up to the bar and order a drink.
A counter, or simply a cabinet, from which alcoholic drinks are served in a private house or a hotel room.
(by extension, in combination) Premises or a counter serving any type of beverage.
coffee bar; juice bar
An informal establishment selling food to be consumed on the premises.
a burger bar

a local fish bar
An establishment offering cosmetic services.
a nail bar; a brow bar
An official order or pronouncement that prohibits some activity.
Synonyms: ban, prohibition

The club has lifted its bar on women members.
Anything that obstructs, hinders, or prevents; an obstruction; a barrier.
- 1675, John Dryden, Aureng-zebe: A Tragedy. […], London: […] T[homas] N[ewcomb] for Henry Herringman, […], published 1676, →OCLC, Act V, page 83:
  Muſt I new bars to my own joy create?
- 1987 February 1, Nancy A. Coleman, “Foster Care: Case By Case Basis”, in Gay Community News, volume 14, number 28, page 5:
  Sexual preference or orientation shall not be a bar to becoming a foster parent.
- 2013, Terence Dillon, A Long Way Home, page 184:
  Mr Harding could look back on his initial judgement of Paul's talent with great satisfaction while Paul could reflect that to be Irish was not necessarily a bar to progress.
(programming, derived from fubar) A metasyntactic variable representing an unspecified entity, often the second in a series, following foo.
Suppose we have four objects, foo, bar, baz and quux.
(UK, Parliament) A dividing line (physical or notional) in the chamber of a legislature beyond which only members and officials may pass.
(UK, law) The railing surrounding the part of a courtroom in which the judges, lawyers, defendants and witnesses stay.
(US, Philippines, law, usually with the) The bar exam, the legal licensing exam.
He's studying hard to pass the Bar this time; he's failed it twice before.
(law, metonymically, "the Bar", "the bar") Collectively, lawyers or the legal profession; specifically applied to barristers in some countries, but including all lawyers in others.
He was called to the bar. ― He became a barrister.
(telecommunications, electronics) One of an array of bar-shaped symbols that display the level of something, such as wireless signal strength or battery life remaining.
I don't have any bars in the middle of this desert.
(music) A vertical line across a musical staff dividing written music into sections, typically of equal durational value.
(music) One of those musical sections.
Synonym: measure
(sports) A horizontal pole that must be crossed in the high jump and pole vault.
(figurative) Any level of achievement regarded as a challenge to be overcome.
(soccer, most codes) The crossbar.
- 2010 December 29, Chris Whyatt, “Chelsea 1 - 0 Bolton”, in BBC‎^[2]:
  Composed play then saw Sam Ricketts nutmeg Ashley Cole before Taylor whipped a fine curling effort over Petr Cech's bar.
(backgammon) The central divider between the inner and outer table of a backgammon board, where stones are placed if they are hit.
An addition to a military medal, on account of a subsequent act.
(geography, nautical, hydrology) A ridge or succession of ridges of sand or other substance; especially:
2. A linear shoaling landform feature within a body of water; a formation extending across the mouth of a river or harbor or off a beach, and which may obstruct navigation. (FM 55-501).
  Synonym: bank
  
  Hyponym: sandbar
  - 1868, “Route 20: London to Tiflis […] ”, in Handbook for Travellers in Russia, Poland, and Finland, 2nd edition, London: John Murray, page 320:
    Travellers change at Batoum into a steamer which performs the service between that port and Poti, and which has a less draught of water to enable it to cross the bar of the river Rion.
(heraldry) One of the ordinaries in heraldry; a diminutive of a fess.
Coordinate terms: barrulet, closet
A city gate, in some British place names.
Temple Bar, London
(mining) A drilling or tamping rod.
(mining) A vein or dike crossing a lode.
(architecture) A gatehouse of a castle or fortified town.
(farriery) The part of the crust of a horse's hoof which is bent inwards towards the frog at the heel on each side, and extends into the centre of the sole.
(farriery, in the plural) The space between the tusks and grinders in the upper jaw of a horse, in which the bit is placed.
(slang) A measure of drugs, typically one ounce.
- 1994 [1993], Irvine Welsh, “The First Shag in Ages”, in Trainspotting, London: Minerva, →ISBN, page 151:
  Tell Sick Boy tae gie us a bell if ye see um. The bastard owes us twenty fuckin bar.
(slang, hip-hop) A complimentary reference to a rapper's lyrics, especially when good.
That rapper there, yeah, he got bars.

Derived terms

terms derived from the noun "bar"

Descendants

→ Albanian: bar m
→ Arabic: بَار m (bār)
→ Armenian: բար (bar)
→ Bulgarian: бар (bar)
→ Burmese: ဘား (bha:)
→ Chichewa: bála
→ Cantonese: 吧 (baa¹)
→ Czech: bar m
→ Danish: bar c
→ Dutch: bar m
→ Esperanto: baro
→ Estonian: baar
→ French: bar m
- → Romanian: bar
→ Galician: bar m
→ Georgian: ბარი (bari)
→ German: Bar f
→ Greek: μπαρ n (bar)
→ Gulf Arabic: بار (bār)
→ Hebrew: בָּר (bar), בָּאר (bár)
→ Hungarian: bár (also via German)
→ Icelandic: bar m
→ Irish: beár m
→ Italian: bar m
→ Japanese: バー (bā)
→ Khmer: បារ (baa)
→ Korean: 바 (ba)
→ Lithuanian: bãras m
→ Macedonian: бар m (bar)
→ Malagasy: ba
→ Mandarin: 吧 (bā)
→ Norwegian:
Bokmål: bar m

Nynorsk: bar m
→ Persian: بار (bâr)
→ Polish: bar m
→ Portuguese: bar m
→ Russian: бар m (bar)
→ Serbo-Croatian: ба̑р m, bȃr m
→ Slovene: bȃr m
→ Spanish: bar m
→ Swahili: baa
→ Swedish: bar c (see there for further descendants)
→ Thai: บาร์ (baa)
→ Turkish: bar
→ Xhosa: íbhári
→ Zulu: ibha

Translations

See bar/translations § Etymology 1.

References

The Manual of Heraldry, Fifth Edition, by Anonymous, London, 1862, online at [3]

Etymology 2

From Middle English barren, from Old French barrer,^[1] from Medieval Latin barrare (“to bar”), from the noun. Cognate to Occitan barrar, Spanish barrar, Portuguese barrar.

Preposition properly imperative of the verb. Compare barring.

Verb

bar (third-person singular simple present bars, present participle barring, simple past and past participle barred)

(transitive) To obstruct the passage of (someone or something).
Our way was barred by a huge rockfall.
- 1906 August, Alfred Noyes, “The Highwayman”, in Poems, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., published October 1906, →OCLC, part 1, stanza V, page 47:
  'One kiss, my bonny sweetheart, I'm after a prize to-night, / But I shall be back with the yellow gold before the morning light; / Yet, if they press me sharply, and harry me through the day, / Then look for me by moonlight, / Watch for me by moonlight, / I'll come to thee by moonlight, though Hell should bar the way.'
(transitive) To prohibit.
I couldn't get into the nightclub because I had been barred.
(transitive) To lock or bolt with a bar.
to bar the door
To imprint or paint with bars, to stripe.
- 1899 February, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number M, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part I, page 208, column 1:
  I lived in a hut in the yard. To be out of the chaos I would sometimes get into the accountant’s office. It was built of horizontal planks, and so badly put together that, as he bent over his high desk, he was barred from neck to heels with narrow strips of sunlight.

Synonyms

(obstruct): block, hinder, obstruct
(prohibit): ban, interdict, prohibit
(lock or bolt with a bar):
See also Thesaurus:hinder

Derived terms

Descendants

→ Esperanto: bari

Translations

See bar/translations § Verb.

Preposition

bar

Except, other than, besides.
Synonyms: apart from, barring, except for, excepting, excluding, other than, save; see also Thesaurus:except

He invited everyone to his wedding bar his ex-wife.
- 1936, F.J. Thwaites, chapter I, in The Redemption, Sydney: H. John Edwards, page 5:
  "I might be a fool," the younger man admitted quietly, "even an idiot, but there's not a person living, bar you, who possess the courage to call me a weakling, Sir."
- 2019 October, Philip Sherratt, “Midland Main Line upgrade presses on”, in Modern Railways, page 62:
  These see the overhead wires installed on all bar the slow lines between Bedford and Wellingborough by next May, with the remaining section completed by August, when the full programme is due to be completed.
(horse racing) Denotes the minimum odds offered on other horses not mentioned by name.
Leg At Each Corner is at 3/1, Lost My Shirt 5/1, and it's 10/1 bar.

Derived terms

Translations

with the exception of — see except

References

^ “barren, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2018, retrieved 31 October 2019.

William Dwight Whitney and Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1914), “bar”, in The Century Dictionary: An Encyclopedic Lexicon of the English Language, revised edition, volumes I (A–C), New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC, page 446.

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Ancient Greek βάρος (báros, “weight”), coined circa 1900.

English Wikipedia has an article on:

Bar (unit)

Wikipedia

Noun

bar (plural bars)

A non-SI unit of pressure equal to 100,000 pascals, approximately equal to atmospheric pressure at sea level.

Synonyms

㍴

Derived terms

Related terms

isobar

Descendants

→ Chinese: 巴 (bā)
→ Finnish: baari
→ Galician: bar m
→ Greek: μπαρ n (bar)
→ Hebrew: בָּר (bar)
→ Icelandic: bar n
→ Irish: bar m
→ Korean: 바 (ba)
→ Spanish: bar m

Translations

See bar/translations § Etymology 3.

Anagrams

Rab, Bra, ABR, bra, arb, Arb., ARB, abr., RBA