anti-

See also: Appendix:Variations of "anti"

English

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”). Doublet of and- and ante-.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ˈænˌti/, /ˈæn.tɪ/
• (US) IPA^(key): /ˈæn.ti/, /ˈænˌtaɪ/, /ˈæn.tə/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

Prefix

anti-

2. Against, opposed to.

   Synonym: counter-

   Antonym: pro-

   ‎anti- + ‎abortion → ‎antiabortion

   ‎anti- + ‎racism → ‎antiracism

4. Counteracting, neutralizing.

   Synonym: counter-

   ‎anti- + ‎aircraft → ‎antiaircraft

   ‎anti- + ‎freeze → ‎antifreeze

   ‎anti- + ‎bacterial → ‎antibacterial

6. The opposite of what is typically expected.

   ‎anti- + ‎hero → ‎antihero (“a protagonist who acts in an unheroic manner”)

   ‎anti- + ‎climax → ‎anticlimax (“a failed or reverse climax”)

   ‎anti- + ‎chess → ‎antichess (“a variant of chess where the goal is to lose all of one's pieces”)

8. Physically opposite, reverse in position or direction.

   ‎anti- + ‎clockwise → ‎anticlockwise

   ‎anti- + ‎Arctic → ‎Antarctic

10. A rival or counterpart to.

    ‎anti- + ‎pope → ‎antipope (“a person who claims to be the real pope”)

    ‎anti- + ‎Christ → ‎Antichrist

12. (particle physics) Composed of antimatter.

    ‎anti- + ‎electron → ‎antielectron

    ‎anti- + ‎galaxy → ‎antigalaxy

14. (immunology) Reacting with immunoglobins found in the specified animal.

    ‎anti- + ‎rabbit → ‎antirabbit

    ‎anti- + ‎horse → ‎antihorse

Usage notes

• anti- should not be confused with the prefix ante- of Latin (not Greek) origin meaning “before”. (However, anti- does exist as a variant spelling of ante- in some borrowed words, such as anticipate and antipasto, but this spelling cannot be used to coin English words.)
• anti- sometimes becomes ant- before words beginning in a vowel, as does ante-: antacid.
• In British English, the anti- forms are often hyphenated as evidenced by OED's many anti- entries using hyphen. However, the exact convention significantly varies.
• GPO manual recommends using a hyphen when prefixing capitalized words except when usage dictates otherwise. This is matched by usual practice: anti-American or anti-Christian.

Derived terms

English terms prefixed with anti-

Translations

against, hostile to

• Arabic: ضِدّ (ḍidd), مُضَادّ (muḍādd), نَقِيض (naqīḍ)
• Armenian: հակա- (haka-)
• Azerbaijani: anti-
• Catalan: anti- (ca)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 反- (zh) (fǎn-), 抗 (zh) (kàng), 非 (zh) (fēi), 反對／反对 (zh) (fǎnduì)

• Czech: anti- (cs), proti-
• Dutch: anti- (nl)
• Esperanto: kontraŭ-
• Estonian: anti- (et)
• Finnish: anti- (fi), vasta- (fi), epä- (fi)
• French: anti- (fr)
• Galician: anti- (gl)
• Georgian: ანტი- (anṭi-)
• German: gegen- (de), anti- (de)
• Greek: αντι- (el) (anti-)
• Hebrew: אנטי־ (anti-)
• Hindi: प्रति- (prati-)
• Hungarian: ellen- (hu), -ellenes (hu), elleni (hu), anti- (hu)
• Ido: anti-
• Irish: anta-
• Italian: anti- (it)
• Japanese: 反- (ja) (はん-, han-), 非 (ja) (ひ, hi), 逆 (ja) (ぎゃく, gyaku), 反対 (ja) (はんたい, hantai)
• Kapampangan: kontra-, pangontra-
• Korean: 안티 (anti), 반(反) (ban-)
• Latin: contra-
• Latvian: pret-, anti-
• Macedonian: против- (protiv-), анти- (anti-)
• Malay: anti- (ms)
• Maori: ātete
• Middle Persian: 𐭩𐭥𐭲 (yʿt /⁠ǰud-⁠/)
• Persian: آنتی (fa) (ânti-), پادـ (pâd-)
• Polish: anty- (pl), przeciw- (pl)
• Portuguese: anti- (pt)
• Romanian: anti- (ro), contra- (ro)
• Russian: про́тиво- (ru) (prótivo-), противо- (ru) (protivo-), а́нти- (ru) (ánti-), анти- (ru) (anti-)
• Spanish: anti- (es), contra- (es)
• Swedish: anti- (sv)
• Tamil: எதிர் (ta) (etir)
• Vietnamese: chống (vi)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Norwegian: ^{(please verify)} anti- (no)

See also

• contra-
• counter-
• dis-
• ob-

 

See also

• anti

Further reading

• “anti-”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
• “anti-”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
• John A. Simpson and Edmund S. C. Weiner, editors (1989), “anti-”, in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN. -- lists many derived terms

Anagrams

• nait, Atin, ain't, aniṭ, Tian, tain, tian, tina, Tani, aint, Tain, TINA, -itan, NAIT, Tina

Basque

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /anti/ [ãn̪.t̪i]
• Hyphenation: an‧ti-

Prefix

anti-

1. anti-

Derived terms

Basque terms prefixed with anti-

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˌan.ti]

Prefix

anti-

1. anti

Derived terms

Catalan terms prefixed with anti-

Further reading

• “anti-” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “anti-”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “anti-” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈantɪ]

Prefix

anti-

1. anti-

   Synonym: proti-

Derived terms

Czech terms prefixed with anti-

Further reading

• anti- in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017

Danish

Prefix

anti-

1. anti-

Derived terms

Danish terms prefixed with anti-

Dutch

Etymology

Ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑn.ti/

• Audio:

  (file)

Prefix

anti-

1. anti-

Derived terms

Dutch terms prefixed with anti-

Descendants

• → Indonesian: anti-

Esperanto

Etymology

Derived from Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈanti]
• Rhymes: -anti
• Hyphenation: an‧ti

Prefix

anti-

1. anti-

Derived terms

Esperanto terms prefixed with anti-

Finnish

Etymology

Internationalism (see English anti-), ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑnti-/, [ˈɑ̝n̪t̪i-]

Prefix

anti-

1. anti-

Derived terms

Finnish terms prefixed with anti-

• anti-inflammatorinen
• antikommutointi
• antimainos
• antimateria
• antipatia
• antirasisti
• antirasistinen
• antiresonanssi
• antisymmetrinen

 

Further reading

• “anti-”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

Anagrams

• nait, tain, tina

French

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɑ̃.ti/

• Audio:

  (file)

Prefix

anti-

1. anti-

Derived terms

French terms prefixed with anti-

Further reading

• “anti-”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Galician

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”).

Prefix

anti-

1. anti-

Derived terms

From

Galician terms prefixed with anti-

.

Further reading

• “anti-”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2024

Garo

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Classifier

anti-

1. classifier for weeks

Synonyms

• sopta

German

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”), influenced by Latin borrowings from Greek beginning with anti- (like Antichristus) and German borrowings from Latin or Greek. Doublet of ent-.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Prefix

anti-

1. anti-

Derived terms

German terms prefixed with anti-

Further reading

• “anti-” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Hungarian

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí, “against”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɒnti]
• Hyphenation: an‧ti

Prefix

anti-

1. anti-

Derived terms

Hungarian adjectives prefixed with anti-

Hungarian nouns prefixed with anti-

Ido

Etymology

Borrowed from English anti-, French anti-, German anti-, Italian anti-, Spanish anti-, Russian анти- (anti-), all ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈan.ti/

Prefix

anti-

1. anti-, contra-, counter- (for use mainly in scientific terms)

   ‎anti- + ‎toxino (“toxin”) → ‎antitoxino (“antitoxin”)

Synonyms

• kontre-

Derived terms

Ido terms prefixed with anti-

Indonesian

Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch anti-, from Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈan.ti/
• Rhymes: -ti
• Hyphenation: an‧ti

Prefix

anti-

1. anti-
   1. against, opposed to
   2. counteracting, neutralizing
   3. the opposite of what is typically expected.
   4. physically opposite, reverse in position or direction
   5. a rival or counterpart to
   6. (particle physics) composed of antimatter
   8. (immunology) reacting with immunoglobins found in the specified animal

Derived terms

Indonesian terms prefixed with anti-

See also

• anti
• kontra-
• dis-
• ob-

Further reading

• “anti-” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Italian

Etymology 1

From Latin ante (“before”).

Prefix

anti-

1. anti-
2. ante-

Etymology 2

From Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”).

Prefix

anti-

1. anti-

Derived terms

Italian terms prefixed with anti-

Anagrams

• Tina, nati, tina

Malay

Etymology

From Dutch anti-, from Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /anti/
• Rhymes: -anti, -nti, -ti, -i

Prefix

anti- (Jawi spelling انت)

1. anti-

   Antonym: pro-

   Antikomunisme ― Anti-communism

   Anti-Amerika ― Anti-America

Usage notes

• Before proper nouns and numerals, this prefix must be followed by a dash '-'.
• Before other types of nouns, no dash is needed.

Further reading

• “anti-” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

Anagrams

• tina, niat

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí, “against”).

Prefix

anti-

1. anti-

Derived terms

• anti-aldring

References

• “anti-” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Bokmål terms prefixed with anti-

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí, “against”).

Prefix

anti-

1. anti-

Derived terms

• anti-aldring

References

• “anti-” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk terms prefixed with anti-

Portuguese

Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí, “against”).

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ɐ̃.t͡ʃi/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɐ̃.ti/

• Rhymes: (Brazil) -ɐ̃t͡ʃi, (Portugal) -ɐ̃ti
• Hyphenation: an‧ti-
• Homophone: ante- (Brazil)

Prefix

anti-

1. anti-
2. (particle physics) anti- (related to antiparticles or antimatter)
3. (immunology) anti-

Derived terms

Portuguese terms prefixed with anti-

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí, “against”).

Prefix

anti-

1. anti-

Derived terms

Romanian terms prefixed with anti-

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí, “against”).

Prefix

anti-

1. anti-; against, opposite, protecting against

Derived terms

Spanish terms prefixed with anti-

• anti

Further reading

• “anti-”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014

Swedish

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí, “against”).

Prefix

anti-

1. anti-; against, opposite, protecting against

Derived terms

Swedish terms prefixed with anti-

Anagrams

• Tina, inat, inta, tian, tina