Ianuarius

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See also: ianuarius

Latin

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Iānus (“Janus”) +‎ -ārius.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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Iānuārius (feminine Iānuāria, neuter Iānuārium); first/second-declension adjective

  1. of January

Usage notes

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In Classical Latin, month names were regularly used as adjectives, generally modifying a case-form of mēnsis m sg (“month”) or of one of the nouns used in the Roman calendar to refer to specific days of the month from which other days were counted: Calendae f pl (“calends”), Nōnae f pl (“nones”), Īdūs f pl (“ides”). However, the masculine noun mēnsis could be omitted by ellipsis, so the masculine singular forms of month names eventually came to be used as proper nouns.[1]

The accusative plural adjective forms Aprīlīs, Septembrīs, Octōbrīs, Novembrīs, Decembrīs[2] are ambiguous in writing, being spelled identically to the genitive singular forms of the nouns; nevertheless, the use of ablative singular forms in -ī and comparison with the usage of other month names as adjectives supports the interpretation of -is as an accusative plural adjective ending in Classical Latin phrases such as "kalendas Septembris".[3]

Declension

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First/second-declension adjective.

Number Singular Plural
Case / Gender Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative Iānuārius Iānuāria Iānuārium Iānuāriī Iānuāriae Iānuāria
Genitive Iānuāriī Iānuāriae Iānuāriī Iānuāriōrum Iānuāriārum Iānuāriōrum
Dative Iānuāriō Iānuāriō Iānuāriīs
Accusative Iānuārium Iānuāriam Iānuārium Iānuāriōs Iānuāriās Iānuāria
Ablative Iānuāriō Iānuāriā Iānuāriō Iānuāriīs
Vocative Iānuārie Iānuāria Iānuārium Iānuāriī Iānuāriae Iānuāria

Proper noun

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Iānuārius m (genitive Iānuāriī or Iānuārī); second declension

  1. January
  2. a male given name

Declension

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Second-declension noun.

Case Singular Plural
Nominative Iānuārius Iānuāriī
Genitive Iānuāriī
Iānuārī1 		Iānuāriōrum
Dative Iānuāriō Iānuāriīs
Accusative Iānuārium Iānuāriōs
Ablative Iānuāriō Iānuāriīs
Vocative Iānuārī Iānuāriī

1Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

Descendants

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Borrowings

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Karl Gottlob Zumpt (1853) Leonhard Schmitz, Charles Anthon, transl., A Grammar of the Latin Language, 3rd edition, pages 31, 85
  2. ^ Gaeng, Paul A. (1968) An Inquiry into Local Variations in Vulgar Latin: As Reflected in the Vocalism of Christian Inscriptions, page 183
  3. ^ Frost, P. (1861) The Germania and Agricola of Tacitus, page 161

Further reading

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  • “Iānuārius”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • “Iānuārius” on page 817/1 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)
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