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==Species==
==Species==
{| class="wikitable"
*''[[Heliaster canopus]]''<small> Perrier, 1875</small>
|-
*''[[Heliaster cumingi]]''<small> (Gray, 1840)</small>
! Image !! Scientific name !! Distribution
*''[[Heliaster helianthus]]''<small> (Lamarck, 1816)</small>
|-
*''[[Heliaster kubiniji]]''<small> Xantus, 1860</small>
|-
*''[[Heliaster microbrachius]]''<small> Xantus, 1860</small>
| ||''[[Heliaster canopus]]''<small> Perrier, 1875</small>||South Pacific Ocean<ref name="Raimondi Sagarin Ambrose Bell 2007 pp. 201–210">{{cite journal | last=Raimondi | first=Peter T. | last2=Sagarin | first2=Raphael D. | last3=Ambrose | first3=Richard F. | last4=Bell | first4=Christy | last5=George | first5=Maya | last6=Lee | first6=Steven F. | last7=Lohse | first7=David | last8=Miner | first8=C. Melissa | last9=Murray | first9=Steven N. | title=Consistent Frequency of Color Morphs in the Sea Star Pisaster ochraceus (Echinodermata:Asteriidae) across Open-Coast Habitats in the Northeastern Pacific<sup>1</sup> | journal=Pacific Science | publisher=Pacific Science | volume=61 | issue=2 | year=2007 | issn=0030-8870 | doi=10.2984/1534-6188(2007)61[201:cfocmi]2.0.co;2 | pages=201–210}}</ref>
*''[[Heliaster polybrachius]]''<small> H.L. Clark, 1907</small>
|-
*''[[Heliaster solaris]]''<small> A.H. Clark, 1920</small>
| [[File:Heliaster cumingi 17 May Tagus Cove snorkel (47927487026).jpg|120px]] ||''[[Heliaster cumingi]]''<small> (Gray, 1840)</small>||Gulf of California <ref name="Sonnenholzner Brandt Francisco Hearn 2012 pp. 183–233">{{cite book | last=Sonnenholzner | first=Jorge | last2=Brandt | first2=Margarita | last3=Francisco | first3=Vanessa | last4=Hearn | first4=Alex | last5=Luzuriaga | first5=María | last6=Guarderas | first6=Paulina | last7=Navarro | first7=Juan Carlos | title=Echinoderm Research and Diversity in Latin America | chapter=Echinoderms of Ecuador | publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg | publication-place=Berlin, Heidelberg | date=2012-08-04 | isbn=978-3-642-20050-2 | doi=10.1007/978-3-642-20051-9_6 | page=183–233}}</ref>
|-
| [[File:Heliaster helianthus en Los Molles.jpg|120px]] ||''[[Heliaster helianthus]]''<small> (Lamarck, 1816)</small>||southeastern Pacific Ocean<ref name=Porter>{{cite journal | author=Porter, Carlos E. | year=1915 | title=Los Heliasteridae de Chile: Heliaster helianthus | url=http://rchn.biologiachile.cl/pdfs/1915/1-2/Porter_1915.1-2a.pdf | journal=Revista Chilena de Historia Natural | volume=19 | issue=1–2 | pages=17–21 | language=Spanish }}</ref>
|-
| [[File:Gulf Sun Star Heliaster kubiniji.jpg|120px]] ||''[[Heliaster kubiniji]]''<small> Xantus, 1860</small>|| eastern Pacific Ocean<ref name="Mainpage Reeflex 2016 r158">{{cite web | title=Heliaster kubiniji common sun star,gulf sun star | website=Mainpage Reeflex | date=2016-01-09 | url=https://www.reeflex.net/tiere/9134_Heliaster_kubiniji.htm | access-date=2024-02-06}}</ref>
|-
| [[File:Heliasteridae - Heliaster microbrachius.JPG|120px]] ||''[[Heliaster microbrachius]]''<small> Xantus, 1860</small>||east Pacific<ref name=AA>[https://archive.org/stream/cbarchive_100804_thestarfishesofthegenusheliast1863/thestarfishesofthegenusheliast1863_djvu.txt Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College]</ref>
|-
| ||''[[Heliaster polybrachius]]''<small> H.L. Clark, 1907</small>||Gulf of California<ref name="Anon. d383">{{cite web | title= | url=https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/15989/USNMP-78_2859_1931.pdf | access-date=2024-02-06}}</ref>
|-
| ||''[[Heliaster solaris]]''<small> A.H. Clark, 1920</small>||Española Island in the Galápagos Islands. <ref name="Sonnenholzner Brandt Francisco Hearn 2012 pp. 183–233"/>
|-
|}


==Fossil record==
==Fossil record==

Revision as of 05:40, 6 February 2024

Heliaster
Temporal range: 3–0 Ma
↓
 Pliocene to present
Heliaster microbrachius
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Echinodermata
Class: Asteroidea
Order: Forcipulatida
Family: Heliasteridae
Genus: Heliaster
Gray, 1840

Heliaster is a genus of Asteroidea (sea stars) in the family Heliasteridae.[1]

Species

Image Scientific name Distribution
Heliaster canopus Perrier, 1875 South Pacific Ocean[2]
Heliaster cumingi (Gray, 1840) Gulf of California [3]
Heliaster helianthus (Lamarck, 1816) southeastern Pacific Ocean[4]
Heliaster kubiniji Xantus, 1860 eastern Pacific Ocean[5]
Heliaster microbrachius Xantus, 1860 east Pacific[6]
Heliaster polybrachius H.L. Clark, 1907 Gulf of California[7]
Heliaster solaris A.H. Clark, 1920 Española Island in the Galápagos Islands. [3]

Fossil record

Whole specimens of Heliaster microbrachius have been found preserved in calcite-cemented quartz in Southwest Florida that dates to the Pliocene, 3.5 to 2.5 million years ago (Castilla et al. 2013). Today H. microbrachius is found only in the Pacific Ocean: on the coast of Panama, and Acapulco in Mexico. This suggests that greater connection between the two oceans gave the species a more extensive range in the past (Castilla et al. 2013).

References

  1. ^ WoRMS
  2. ^ Raimondi, Peter T.; Sagarin, Raphael D.; Ambrose, Richard F.; Bell, Christy; George, Maya; Lee, Steven F.; Lohse, David; Miner, C. Melissa; Murray, Steven N. (2007). "Consistent Frequency of Color Morphs in the Sea Star Pisaster ochraceus (Echinodermata:Asteriidae) across Open-Coast Habitats in the Northeastern Pacific1". Pacific Science. 61 (2). Pacific Science: 201–210. doi:10.2984/1534-6188(2007)61[201:cfocmi]2.0.co;2. ISSN 0030-8870.
  3. ^ a b Sonnenholzner, Jorge; Brandt, Margarita; Francisco, Vanessa; Hearn, Alex; Luzuriaga, María; Guarderas, Paulina; Navarro, Juan Carlos (2012-08-04). "Echinoderms of Ecuador". Echinoderm Research and Diversity in Latin America. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 183–233. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-20051-9_6. ISBN 978-3-642-20050-2.
  4. ^ Porter, Carlos E. (1915). "Los Heliasteridae de Chile: Heliaster helianthus" (PDF). Revista Chilena de Historia Natural (in Spanish). 19 (1–2): 17–21.
  5. ^ "Heliaster kubiniji common sun star,gulf sun star". Mainpage Reeflex. 2016-01-09. Retrieved 2024-02-06.
  6. ^ Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College
  7. ^ https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/15989/USNMP-78_2859_1931.pdf. Retrieved 2024-02-06. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  • Castilla, Juan Carlos, Sergio A. Navarrete, Tatiana Manzur, and Mario Barahona. 2013. Heliaster helianthus. Chapter 15, pp. 153–160 in John M. Lawrence, ed. 2013. Starfish. Biology and Ecology of the Asteroidea. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
  • Gray J.E. (1840). A synopsis of the genera and species of the class Hypostoma (Asterias Linnaeus). Annals of the Magazine of Natural History 6: 175-184; 275-290


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