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{{Short description|Native Americans in the US state}}
{{Short description|Native Americans in the US state of Arizona}}
{{External links|date=February 2020}}
{{Refimprove|date=May 2022}}
The '''Indigenous peoples of Arizona''' are the [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American people]] of the state of [[Arizona]]. These include people that have lived in the region since time immemorial; tribes who entered the region centuries ago, such as the [[Southern Athabascan]] peoples; and the [[Pascua Yaqui]] who settled in Arizona in the early 20th century.
'''Native Americans''' have inhabited what is now [[Arizona]] for thousands of years. It remains a state with one of the largest percentages of [[Native Americans in the United States]], and has the second largest total Native American population of any state. In addition, the majority of the [[Navajo Nation]], the largest Native American reservation in the US, and the entire [[Tohono O'odham Nation]], the second largest, are located in Arizona. Over a quarter of the area of the state is reservation land.


Arizona has the third large Native American population of any U.S. state.<ref name="atlas">{{cite web |title=US States With The Largest Native American Populations |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/us-states-with-the-largest-native-american-populations.html |website=WorldAtlas |access-date=16 May 2022}}</ref>
Twenty tribes are members of the [http://www.itcaonline.com/ Inter-Tribal Council of Arizona] (ITCA).


Almost a quarter of Arizona is [[Indian reservation|reservation land]]. The [[Navajo Nation]] has the largest reservation in the United States, and the [[Tohono O'odham Nation]] in southeast Arizona has the second-largest reservation.<ref name=atlas/>
==Contemporary peoples native to Arizona==
[[File:Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation-Yavapai Hut.jpg|thumb|200px|An early hut which served as a home of a Yavapai family.]]
* [[Chemehuevi]]
* [[Chiricahua]]
* [[Cocopah]], or ''Xawitt Kwñchawaay''
* [[Dilzhe'e Apache]]
* [[Havasupai]], or ''Havasuw `Baaja''
* [[Hopi]]
* [[Hualapai]], or ''Hwal `Baaja''
* [[Maricopa people|Maricopa]], or ''Piipaash''
* [[Mohave people|Mohave]], or ''Hamakhava'' (also spelled ''Mojave'')
* [[Navajo Nation|Navajo]], or ''Diné''
* [[Southern Paiute]]
* [[Akimel O'odham]], ''formerly Pima''
* [[Quechan]], or Yuma
* [[San Carlos Apache]], ''Nné'' – Coyotero or [[Western Apache]]s
* [[Tewa people|Tewa]]
* [[Tohono O'odham]], formerly Papago
* Southern [[Ute Tribe|Ute]]
* [[White Mountain Apache]], ''Ndé'' – Coyotero or [[Western Apache]]s
* [[Xalychidom]], or Halchidhoma
Yaqui people
* [[Yavapai people|Yavapai]], or ''Kwevkepaya'', ''Wipuhk’a’bah'', ''Tolkepaya'', and ''Yavepé'' (four separate groups)
* [[Zuni people|Zuni]], or ''A:shiwi''


There are 17 [[federally recognized tribes]] completely within the borders of Arizona, and 5 more in Arizona whose territory spans multiple states. Of these, 20 tribes are members of the Inter-Tribal Council of Arizona (ITCA).<ref>[http://www.itcaonline.com/ Inter-Tribal Council of Arizona]</ref>
==Prehistoric cultures in Arizona==

[[File:Carefree-Sears-Kay Ruin-Rooms.jpg|200px|thumb|Hohokam fort known as [[Sears-Kay Ruin]], built C. 1050 AD and located in the foothills of Carefree, Arizona.]]
== Native American tribes in Arizona today ==
* [[Ancestral Pueblo]], [[Four Corners]] area
[[File:Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation sign-2.jpg|200px|thumb| Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation]] [[File:Sacaton-Marker-Gila River Indian Reservation-2.jpg|200px|thumb|Historic Marker which reads: <small>'''Gila River Indian Reservation (established 1859) Here the first Indian school was established by the government for the [[Pima people|Pimas]] and [[Maricopa people|Maricopas]]</small>.]]
* [[Hohokam]], or ''Ho:-ho:gam'', as far north as the Valley of the Sun and as far south as Mexico.
[[File:Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation-Yavapai Hut.jpg|thumb|200px|A customary Yavapai summer home]]
* [[Mogollon culture|Mogollon]]
# [[Ak Chin Indian Community of the Maricopa (Ak Chin) Indian Reservation, Arizona]]
* [[Patayan]], western region
# [[Cocopah Tribe of Arizona]]
# [[Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation, Arizona]]<br>(''formerly the [[Fort McDowell Mohave-Apache Community of the Fort McDowell Indian Reservation]]'')
# [[Gila River Indian Community of the Gila River Indian Reservation, Arizona]]
# [[Havasupai Tribe of the Havasupai Reservation, Arizona]]
# [[Hopi Tribe of Arizona]]
# [[Hualapai Indian Tribe of the Hualapai Indian Reservation, Arizona]]
# [[Kaibab Band of Paiute Indians of the Kaibab Indian Reservation, Arizona]]
# [[Pascua Yaqui Tribe of Arizona]]
# [[Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community of the Salt River Reservation, Arizona]]
# [[San Carlos Apache Tribe of the San Carlos Reservation, Arizona]]
# [[San Juan Southern Paiute Tribe of Arizona]]
# [[Tohono O'odham Nation of Arizona]]<br>(''formerly [[Papago Indian Tribe]]'')
# [[Tonto Apache Tribe of Arizona]]
# [[White Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort Apache Reservation, Arizona]]
# [[Yavapai-Apache Nation of the Camp Verde Indian Reservation, Arizona]]
# [[Yavapai-Prescott Tribe of the Yavapai Reservation, Arizona]]

Multiple states:
# [[Colorado River Indian Tribes of the Colorado River Indian Reservation, Arizona and California]] (These include [[Chemehuevi]], [[Mohave people|Mojave]], [[Hopi]], and [[Navajo people]])
# [[Fort Mojave Indian Tribe of Arizona, California & Nevada]]
# [[Navajo Nation, Arizona, New Mexico & Utah]]
# [[Quechan Tribe of the Fort Yuma Indian Reservation, California & Arizona]]
# [[Zuni Tribe of the Zuni Reservation, New Mexico]]

== Indigenous ethnic groups who lived in Arizona ==
Several of the Colorado River tribes are headquartered across the state line in California but have historical connections to Arizona. These include the [[Chemehuevi]], [[Cocopah]] (Xawitt Kwñchawaay), [[Quechan]] (Yuma), and [[Mohave people|Mojave]] (Hamakhava). Many of these are [[Yuman–Cochimí languages|Yuman-speaking]] peoples.

Yuman language-speaking peoples connected to Arizona include the [[Havasupai]] (Havasuw `Baaja), [[Walapai]], [[Yavapai]], [[Mojave people|Mojave]], [[Hualapai]] (Hwal `Baaja), [[Halchidhoma]] ([[Xalychidom]]), [[Quechan]], [[Maricopa people|Maricopa]] ([[Piipaash]]), and [[Cocopah people|Cocopah]].

[[Colorado River Numic language]]–speakers connected to Arizona include the [[Southern Paiute]], [[Southern Ute]] and [[Chemehuevi]].

The Navajo ([[Diné]]) and Apache are [[Southern Athabaskan languages|Southern Athabascan-speaking people]] who migrated into the American Southwest from the north, possibly around 1300 CE.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Seymour |first1=Deni J. |title=Gateways for Athabascan Migration to the American Southwest |journal=Plains Anthropologist |date=May 2012 |volume=57 |issue=222 |page=149 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43700746}}</ref> Apache bands connected to Arizona include the [[Dilzhe'e Apache]], [[Chiricahua]], [[San Carlos Apache]] (Nné, Coyotero, or [[Western Apache]]), [[White Mountain Apache]]

[[Oʼodham language]]–speakers include the [[Akimel O'odham]] (formerly Pima), [[Tohono O'odham]], and [[Hia C-eḍ Oʼodham]].

[[Pueblo peoples]] living in Arizona include the [[Hopi]], [[Tewa people|Tewa]], and [[Zuni people|Zuni]] (A:shiwi).

The [[Yaqui people]] speak a [[Uto-Aztecan language]].

== Precontanct cultures of Arizona ==
[[File:Carefree-Sears-Kay Ruin-Rooms.jpg|200px|thumb|Hohokam settlment known as [[Sears-Kay Ruin]], in the foothills of Carefree, Arizona.]]
* [[Ancestral Pueblo peoples]], [[Four Corners]] area
* [[Hohokam]] (Ho:-ho:gam), as far north as the Valley of the Sun and as far south as Mexico.
* [[Mogollon culture|Mogollon]], southeast Arizona, New Mexico, Sonora, Chihuahua, west Texas
* [[Patayan]], far western Arizona, California
* [[Sinagua]], area around present-day [[Flagstaff, Arizona|Flagstaff]]
* [[Sinagua]], area around present-day [[Flagstaff, Arizona|Flagstaff]]
{{Clear}}
{{Clear}}


==Tribal entities in Arizona==
== See also ==
* [[List of Indian reservations in Arizona]]
[[File:Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation sign-2.jpg|200px|thumb| Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation]] [[File:Sacaton-Marker-Gila River Indian Reservation-2.jpg|200px|thumb|Historic Marker which reads: <small>'''Gila River Indian Reservation (established 1859) Here the first Indian school was established by the government for the [[Pima people|Pimas]] and [[Maricopa people|Maricopas]]</small>.]]
* [[Indigenous languages of Arizona]]
This is a list of all [[federally recognized tribes]] in Arizona currently registered with the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Links go to the tribes' website or to the ITCA's page for that tribe.

==External links==
* [http://www.doi.gov U.S. Department of the Interior]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071226213306/http://www.doi.gov/bureau-indian-affairs.html Bureau of Indian Affairs]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050930161025/http://www.doi.gov/leaders.pdf Tribal Leaders Directory Spring/Summer 2005]
* [http://www.azcentral.com/culturesaz/amindian/timelineamind.html Native Americans in Arizona] – timeline, map, cultures
* [http://www.ak-chin.nsn.us/ Ak Chin Indian Community of the Maricopa (Ak Chin) Indian Reservation]
* [http://www.ak-chin.nsn.us/ Ak Chin Indian Community of the Maricopa (Ak Chin) Indian Reservation]
* [http://www.cocopah.com/ Cocopah Tribe of Arizona]
* [http://www.cocopah.com/ Cocopah Tribe of Arizona]
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* [http://yavapai-apache.org/ Yavapai–Apache Nation of the Camp Verde Indian Reservation]
* [http://yavapai-apache.org/ Yavapai–Apache Nation of the Camp Verde Indian Reservation]
* [http://www.ypit.com/ Yavapai–Prescott Tribe of the Yavapai Reservation]
* [http://www.ypit.com/ Yavapai–Prescott Tribe of the Yavapai Reservation]

== See also ==
* [[List of Indian reservations in Arizona]]
* [[Indigenous languages of Arizona]]

==External links==
* [http://www.doi.gov U.S. Department of the Interior]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071226213306/http://www.doi.gov/bureau-indian-affairs.html Bureau of Indian Affairs]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050930161025/http://www.doi.gov/leaders.pdf Tribal Leaders Directory Spring/Summer 2005]
* [http://www.azcentral.com/culturesaz/amindian/timelineamind.html Native Americans in Arizona] – timeline, map, cultures


{{Indigenous People of AZ}}
{{Indigenous People of AZ}}

Revision as of 15:30, 16 May 2022

The Indigenous peoples of Arizona are the Native American people of the state of Arizona. These include people that have lived in the region since time immemorial; tribes who entered the region centuries ago, such as the Southern Athabascan peoples; and the Pascua Yaqui who settled in Arizona in the early 20th century.

Arizona has the third large Native American population of any U.S. state.[1]

Almost a quarter of Arizona is reservation land. The Navajo Nation has the largest reservation in the United States, and the Tohono O'odham Nation in southeast Arizona has the second-largest reservation.[1]

There are 17 federally recognized tribes completely within the borders of Arizona, and 5 more in Arizona whose territory spans multiple states. Of these, 20 tribes are members of the Inter-Tribal Council of Arizona (ITCA).[2]

Native American tribes in Arizona today

Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation
Historic Marker which reads: Gila River Indian Reservation (established 1859) Here the first Indian school was established by the government for the Pimas and Maricopas.
A customary Yavapai summer home
  1. Ak Chin Indian Community of the Maricopa (Ak Chin) Indian Reservation, Arizona
  2. Cocopah Tribe of Arizona
  3. Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation, Arizona
    (formerly the Fort McDowell Mohave-Apache Community of the Fort McDowell Indian Reservation)
  4. Gila River Indian Community of the Gila River Indian Reservation, Arizona
  5. Havasupai Tribe of the Havasupai Reservation, Arizona
  6. Hopi Tribe of Arizona
  7. Hualapai Indian Tribe of the Hualapai Indian Reservation, Arizona
  8. Kaibab Band of Paiute Indians of the Kaibab Indian Reservation, Arizona
  9. Pascua Yaqui Tribe of Arizona
  10. Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community of the Salt River Reservation, Arizona
  11. San Carlos Apache Tribe of the San Carlos Reservation, Arizona
  12. San Juan Southern Paiute Tribe of Arizona
  13. Tohono O'odham Nation of Arizona
    (formerly Papago Indian Tribe)
  14. Tonto Apache Tribe of Arizona
  15. White Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort Apache Reservation, Arizona
  16. Yavapai-Apache Nation of the Camp Verde Indian Reservation, Arizona
  17. Yavapai-Prescott Tribe of the Yavapai Reservation, Arizona

Multiple states:

  1. Colorado River Indian Tribes of the Colorado River Indian Reservation, Arizona and California (These include Chemehuevi, Mojave, Hopi, and Navajo people)
  2. Fort Mojave Indian Tribe of Arizona, California & Nevada
  3. Navajo Nation, Arizona, New Mexico & Utah
  4. Quechan Tribe of the Fort Yuma Indian Reservation, California & Arizona
  5. Zuni Tribe of the Zuni Reservation, New Mexico

Indigenous ethnic groups who lived in Arizona

Several of the Colorado River tribes are headquartered across the state line in California but have historical connections to Arizona. These include the Chemehuevi, Cocopah (Xawitt Kwñchawaay), Quechan (Yuma), and Mojave (Hamakhava). Many of these are Yuman-speaking peoples.

Yuman language-speaking peoples connected to Arizona include the Havasupai (Havasuw `Baaja), Walapai, Yavapai, Mojave, Hualapai (Hwal `Baaja), Halchidhoma (Xalychidom), Quechan, Maricopa (Piipaash), and Cocopah.

Colorado River Numic language–speakers connected to Arizona include the Southern Paiute, Southern Ute and Chemehuevi.

The Navajo (Diné) and Apache are Southern Athabascan-speaking people who migrated into the American Southwest from the north, possibly around 1300 CE.[3] Apache bands connected to Arizona include the Dilzhe'e Apache, Chiricahua, San Carlos Apache (Nné, Coyotero, or Western Apache), White Mountain Apache

Oʼodham language–speakers include the Akimel O'odham (formerly Pima), Tohono O'odham, and Hia C-eḍ Oʼodham.

Pueblo peoples living in Arizona include the Hopi, Tewa, and Zuni (A:shiwi).

The Yaqui people speak a Uto-Aztecan language.

Precontanct cultures of Arizona

Hohokam settlment known as Sears-Kay Ruin, in the foothills of Carefree, Arizona.

See also

  1. ^ a b "US States With The Largest Native American Populations". WorldAtlas. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  2. ^ Inter-Tribal Council of Arizona
  3. ^ Seymour, Deni J. (May 2012). "Gateways for Athabascan Migration to the American Southwest". Plains Anthropologist. 57 (222): 149.
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