Other Politicians
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Other Politicians Encyclopedia Articles
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James Cockburn
James Cockburn was a politician and lawyer who was Canada’s first Speaker of the House of Commons. His participation in the Québec Conference of 1864 made him one of the Fathers of Confederation. Cockburn...
Kemal Atatürk
Kemal Atatürk was a soldier, statesman, and reformer who was the founder and first president (1923–38) of the Republic of Turkey. He modernized the country’s legal and educational systems and encouraged...
Jeremy Corbyn
Jeremy Corbyn is a British politician who was the leader of the Labour Party (2015–20). Corbyn attended a grammar school in Shropshire and, briefly, a technical college in north London before pursuing...
John Boehner
John Boehner is an American Republican politician who represented Ohio in the U.S. House of Representatives (1991–2015). During his tenure, he served as majority leader (2006), minority leader (2007–11),...
Xu Guangqi
Xu Guangqi was an official of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), and the most influential Chinese convert to Christianity before the 20th century. Xu obtained his jinshi degree, the highest level in the civil-service...
Francis Bacon
Francis Bacon was the lord chancellor of England (1618–21). A lawyer, statesman, philosopher, and master of the English tongue, he is remembered in literary terms for the sharp worldly wisdom of a few...
Shirley Chisholm
Shirley Chisholm made history as the first African American woman to be elected to the U.S. Congress, serving in the House of Representatives from 1969 to 1983. In 1972 Chisholm also became the first woman...
Sir Edward Coke
Sir Edward Coke was a British jurist and politician whose defense of the supremacy of the common law against Stuart claims of royal prerogative had a profound influence on the development of English law...
chancellor
Chancellor, in western Europe, the title of holders of numerous offices of varying importance, mainly secretarial, legal, administrative, and ultimately political in nature. The Roman cancellarii, minor...
Paul Ryan
Paul Ryan is an American Republican politician who served as a congressman from Wisconsin in the U.S. House of Representatives (1999–2019), where he was speaker from 2015 to 2019. He was selected by Mitt...
Sadiq Khan
Sadiq Khan is a British politician and attorney who was the first Muslim mayor of London (2016– ). Khan was the fifth of eight children born to Sunni Muslim parents who had arrived in Britain from Pakistan...
Alexander Hamilton
Alexander Hamilton was a New York delegate to the Constitutional Convention (1787), major author of the Federalist papers, and first secretary of the treasury of the United States (1789–95), who was the...
ombudsman
Ombudsman, legislative commissioner for investigating citizens’ complaints of bureaucratic abuse. The office originated in Sweden in 1809–10 and has been copied in various forms in Scandinavia, New Zealand,...
Ozawa Ichirō
Ozawa Ichirō is a Japanese politician who served as secretary-general of the Liberal-Democratic Party of Japan (1989–91) and as president (2006–09) and secretary-general (2009–10) of the Democratic Party...
Willy Brandt
Willy Brandt was a German statesman, leader of the German Social Democratic Party of Germany (Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands, or SPD) from 1964 to 1987, and chancellor of the Federal Republic...
Peter I
Peter I was the tsar of Russia who reigned jointly with his half-brother Ivan V (1682–96) and alone thereafter (1696–1725) and who in 1721 was proclaimed emperor (imperator). He was one of his country’s...
Ed Balls
Ed Balls is a British politician who was a member of the Labour Party, particularly involved in economic policy. His various government posts included shadow chancellor (2011–15). Balls attended schools...
Nancy Pelosi
Nancy Pelosi is an American Democratic politician who represents California in the U.S. House of Representatives (1987– ), where she served as the first female speaker (2007–11 and 2019–23). Her other...
Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong was the principal Chinese Marxist theorist, soldier, and statesman who led his country’s communist revolution. Mao was the leader of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1935 until his death,...
governor-general
Governor-general, official set over a number of other officers, each of whom holds the title of governor or lieutenant governor. An alternative term sometimes used is governor in chief. The office has...
Sheikh Junayd
Sheikh Junayd was the fourth head of the Ṣafavī order of Sufi (Islamic) mystics, who sought to transform the spiritual strength of the order into political power. Little is known of Junayd’s early life,...
Condoleezza Rice
Condoleezza Rice is an American educator and politician, who served as national security adviser (2001–05) and secretary of state (2005–09) to U.S. Pres. George W. Bush. At age 15 Rice entered the University...
Umberto Bossi
Umberto Bossi is an Italian politician who was the leader (1991–2012) of the Northern League (Lega Nord) party. Bossi worked as a hospital orderly in Pavia, Italy, before entering politics. In 1979 he...
Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess and 2nd Earl Cornwallis
Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess and 2nd Earl Cornwallis was a British soldier and statesman, probably best known for his defeat at Yorktown, Virginia, in the last important campaign (September 28–October...
Ed Koch
Ed Koch was an American politician who served as mayor of New York City (1978–89) and was known for his tenacity and brashness. After serving in the army during World War II, Koch graduated from New York...
viceroy
Viceroy, one who rules a country or province as the representative of his sovereign or king and who is empowered to act in the sovereign’s name. Viceroy (virrey) was the title given to the principal governors...
Joseph Chamberlain
Joseph Chamberlain was a British businessman, social reformer, radical politician, and ardent imperialist. At the local, national, or imperial level, he was a constructive radical, caring more for practical...
Spencer Compton Cavendish, 8th duke of Devonshire
Spencer Compton Cavendish, 8th duke of Devonshire was a British statesman whose opposition to the Irish Home Rule policy of his own Liberal Party caused him to assume (1886) the leadership of the Liberal...
Nikita Khrushchev
Nikita Khrushchev was the first secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1953–64) and premier of the Soviet Union (1958–64) whose policy of de-Stalinization had widespread repercussions throughout...
Vladimir Lenin
Vladimir Lenin was the founder of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks), inspirer and leader of the Bolshevik Revolution (1917), and the architect, builder, and first head (1917–24) of the Soviet state....
Jean-Marie Le Pen
Jean-Marie Le Pen is a French nationalist who founded and served as leader (1972–2011) of the National Front political party, which represented the main right-wing opposition to the country’s mainstream...
Henry Cisneros
Henry Cisneros is an American politician who, as mayor of San Antonio (1981–89), was the first Latino to serve as mayor of a major U.S. city in the 20th century and who served as secretary of housing and...
Genghis Khan
Genghis Khan was a Mongolian warrior-ruler, one of the most famous conquerors of history, who consolidated tribes into a unified Mongolia and then extended his empire across Asia to the Adriatic Sea. Genghis...
Stephen Austin
Stephen Austin was the founder in the 1820s of the principal settlements of English-speaking people in Texas when that territory was still part of Mexico. Raised on the Missouri frontier, Austin was educated...