Kenya
Kenya is a country in East Africa, about halfway down, near the horn of Africa. It has the Indian Ocean to its east and Lake Victoria to west. Kenya borders the Jubaland part of Somalia (east), Ethiopia (north), South Sudan (north-west), Uganda (west), and Tanzania (south). Kenya is about the size of France, and almost as large as Texas (U.S.).
Republic of Kenya Jamhuri ya Kenya | |
|---|---|
 Coat of arms
| |
| Motto: "Harambee" (Swahili) "Let us all pull together" | |
| Anthem: Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu "O God of All Creation" | |
 | |
| Capital and largest city | Nairobi 1°16′S 36°48′E / 1.267°S 36.800°E |
| Official languages | Swahili, English[1] |
| Demonym(s) | Kenyan |
| Government | Presidential Republic |
| William Ruto | |
| Rigathi Gachagua | |
| Moses Wetangula | |
| Martha Koome | |
| Independence | |
• from the United Kingdom | 12 December 1963 |
• Republic declared | 12 December 1964 |
| Area | |
• Total | 580,367 km2 (224,081 sq mi) (47th) |
• Water (%) | 2.3 |
| Population | |
• 2017 estimate | 48,622,646[2] (29th) |
• 2009 census | 38,610,097[3] |
• Density | 67.2/km2 (174.0/sq mi) (140th) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2011 estimate |
• Total | $70.573 billion[4] |
• Per capita | $1,725[4] |
| GDP (nominal) | 2011 estimate |
• Total | $35.787 billion[4] |
• Per capita | $875[4] |
| Gini (2008) | 42.5 medium · 48th |
| HDI (2014) |  0.548[5]low · 143rd |
| Currency | Kenyan shilling (KES) |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (EAT) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (not observed) |
| Date format | dd/mm/yy(AD) |
| Driving side | left |
| Calling code | +254 |
| ISO 3166 code | KE |
| Internet TLD | .ke |
1. According to cia.gov, estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex, than would otherwise be expected.[2] | |
The capital city of Kenya is Nairobi, which is the 14th largest city in Africa (after Accra, Ghana).[6] Some cities on the seaside are Mombasa and Malindi on the Indian Ocean, Nyeri, Nanyuki, Naivasha, and Thika in the Kenyan Highlands, and Kisumu on Lake Victoria.
The first humans may have lived near the lakes of Kenya along the Great Rift Valley, which cuts Kenya from north to south.
Kenya's coast is tropical and gets very hot. Inland, it is drier and cooler where the mountains rise up. The highest mountain in Kenya is Mt. Kenya, at 5,199 metres (17,057 ft). Mount Kilimanjaro crosses over the south border, with Tanzania, but the highest part of Kilimanjaro is in Tanzania.
Kenya is home to many different indigenous peoples with their own cultures, languages, and histories. There are at least 44 living languages and 1 extinct language that is not spoken any more.[7] English and Swahili are the official languages spoken in Kenya. Because of colonialism, school-going Kenyans are required to learn English, and it is used in schools and universities.
Kenya was colonized by the British, who began taking land from indigenous peoples to build ranches. They also discriminated against Kenyans in their own land.[8] Kenyans who were against this formed a group called the Kenya Land and Freedom Army, or Mau Mau, that fought a war against Britain for independence. The British committed war crimes to stop the Mau Mau,[9] but on December 12, 1963 they agreed to give Kenya independence.
For many years after independence, a single party, the Kenya African National Union (KANU), ruled the country. General elections were held every 5 years. However, all candidates for election to office had to belong to the ruling party, KANU. The party used the police to harass and torture socialists and communists in Kenya, and worked closely with Britain and the United States to keep them out of politics.[10]
William Ruto is currently the president of Kenya with Rigathi Gachagua as his Deputy.[11] The two leaders have had political issues after Kenyatta had a peace agreement often dubbed as a 'handshake' with Kenya's opposition leader Raila Odinga after the 2017 General Elections[12] on whom should succeed Kenya's presidency in 2022 as the president supports Odinga.
Education
changeAll Kenyans of school-going age are required to attend Primary School. However, school fees and required uniforms often keep students away from school. The Kenyan school system consists of 8 years of primary school (Standard 1 through 8), 4 years of high school (Form 1 through 4) and 4 years of university, but plans are underway of changing the system to 2 years in pre-school, 6 years in primary school, 3 years in junior high school, 3 years in senior high school, and 3 years in university (2-6-6-3) in 2018. At the end of primary school, all students sit for a standardized exam called Kenya Certificate of Primary Education (KCPE). The grades attained in this exam determine which high school the student will attend. In Form 4 (the last year in high school), students sit for another exam called the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE). The highest achieving students are granted admission into the 5 national universities (Nairobi, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenyatta University, Egerton University and Moi University). Tertiary colleges, like Globovillee college, also feed the diploma graduates to universities.
Land and animals
changeKenya is a country of grassland; it is not rich, but it is productive land especially in the highlands. This is a very dry grassland with poor soil.[13] Kenya also has very few mineral resources but their main mineral is soda ash. Three-fourths of the country is covered with plains. They are low in altitude along the coast, but get higher further inland, making a large plateau. The part east of Lake Turkana is the only true desert, but the rest can be very close to desert.
Savannas usually get between 4 and 16 inches (100 to 400 mm) of rain in a year. These lands, however, are called savanna because of the type of plants that live there and how they get their rain.[13] Savannas have a wet and dry season. During the wet season it can rain hard for long periods of time, then not rain at all in the dry season. Savannas that have more rain often have many trees spaced out across their plains. These trees have deep roots or store water, like desert plants do, to live through the long dry seasons without rain. Even drier savannas will have only grass, and that too only in a few clumps. The dry land is very bad for crops, but it is a wonderful place for all kinds of wild animals to gather and range.[13] That is why Kenya has a lot of parks where the animals are kept, and protected from all the hunters. People/tourists come from all over the world to go on photo safaris in Kenya's special wildlife parks. The people come to Kenya on safari to see animals such as the rhinoceros, giraffe, wildebeest, elephant, cheetah, antelope, and lion. These animals live on the savanna grasslands.
The wild herbivores move as they eat, and they never stay in one spot because there is not enough grass for all of them. People also usually raise cattle on the savanna. These animals are kept in one place and often eat up all the grass there.[13]
Government
changeSince the independence of Kenya in 1963, Kenya usually had a one-party government. In 1991, a section of the constitution was scrapped, which automatically made it a multi-party state. It is a member of the British Commonwealth.[13] The people are, like the Congo, divided into many tribes that often fight. However, Kenya's government is trying to get the people to work together and has encouraged them to run businesses and factories. Kenya is a developing country and is rapidly becoming modernized.[13]
Counties
changeIn 2012, Kenya was divided into 47 counties. The head of each county is a governor, with each county further subdivided into 350 constituencies each represented in the National Assembly by Members of Parliament.
Before this, Kenya was divided into provinces.
Related pages
changeReferences
change- ↑ Constitution (2009) Art. 7[National, official and other languages] "(1) The national language of the Republic is Kiswahili. (2) The official languages of the Republic are Kiswahili and English. (3) The State shall–-–- (a) promote and protect the diversity of language of the people of Kenya; and (b) promote the development and use of indigenous languages, Kenyan Sign language, Braille and other communication formats and technologies accessible to persons with disabilities."
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Central Intelligence Agency (2012). "Kenya". The World Factbook. Archived from the original on 31 August 2020. Retrieved 28 May 2013.
- ↑ "Official 2009 census results" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-04-30. Retrieved 2011-01-31.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 "Kenya". International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 6 November 2011.
- ↑ "Human Development Report 2011" (PDF). United Nations. 2011. Retrieved 2 November 2011.
- ↑ "15 Africa's Largest Cities – Top Metropolitan Areas". Archived from the original on 2015-05-03. Retrieved 2015-04-30.
- ↑ "Kenya".
- ↑ Cheruiyot, Ruth Catherine (1974). A Study of Racial Discrimination in Kenya During the Colonial Period (PDF) (Master of Arts thesis). Oklahoma State University.
- ↑ Walsh, Declan (2005-03-12). "Revealing the shameful secrets of a dirty war". The Irish Times. Retrieved 2020-11-07.
- ↑ Maloba, W. O. (2017). The Anatomy of Neo-Colonialism in Kenya: British Imperialism and Kenyatta, 1963–1978. African Histories and Modernities. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-3-319-50964-8.
- ↑ Said-Moorhouse, Cullinane and Duggan, Lauren,Susannah and Briana (31 October 2017). "Uhuru Kenyatta wins disputed Kenya presidential rerun". CNN.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ Muriuki, Benjamin (27 November 2019). "The 19-Hour Uhuru-Raila Meeting That Brokered The Handshake Deal". Citizen Digital.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 Theresa K. Buskey (March 2001). History and Geography. LIFEPAC. Alpha Omega Publications. p. 25. ISBN 978-1-58095-155-5.
Other websites
change- Kenya Photo Gallery Archived 2011-06-12 at the Wayback Machine