violo

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See also: violó, and violò

Catalan

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Verb

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violo

  1. first-person singular present indicative of violar

Esperanto

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Italian viola, English violet, French violette and Polish fiołek.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [viˈolo]
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -olo
  • Hyphenation: vi‧o‧lo

Noun

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violo (accusative singular violon, plural violoj, accusative plural violojn)

  1. violet (flower)
  2. (rare) violet (color)
    Synonym: violkoloro
    • 1921, Johannes Dietterle, editor, La Vendreda Klubo: 11 Diversaj Originalaj Artikoloj Verkitaj de la “Vendredoklubanoj” en Leipzig [The Friday Club: 11 Diverse Original Articles Written by the “Friday Club Members” in Leipzig], Leipzig: Ferdinand Hirt & Sohn, page 77:
      Kiel la cirklo de l’ puraj koloroj estas ordigota? Ĉu ekzemple la interspaco inter sulfuro kaj oranĝo estas pli aŭ malpli granda ol la interspaco inter violo kaj cejano?
      How is the circle of pure colors to be ordered? For example, is the gap between sulfur and orange larger or smaller than the gap between violet and cyan?
    • 1948, Montagu C[hristie] Butler, Step by Step in Esperanto: A Simple Textbook for English-Speaking Students, with Graduated Reading-Matter and Numerous Exercises for Class Teaching or for Home Study, The Esperanto Publishing Company Ltd., page 54:
      La ses koloroj de la ĉielarko (rainbow) estas: violo, bluo, verdo, flavo, oranĝo, kaj ruĝo.
      The six colors of the rainbow are: violet, blue, green, yellow, orange, and red.
    • 1958, Paul Neergaard, editor, Sciencaj Studoj: Bazitaj sur Originalaj Esploroj kaj Observoj: Eldonita Okaze de la 50-Jara Jubileo de Internacia Scienca Asocio Esperantista [Scientific Studies: Based on Original Research and Observations: Published on the Occasion of the 50th Anniversary of the International Scientific Esperanto Association], Kopenhago [Copenhagen]: Internacia Scienca Asocio Esperantista [International Scientific Esperanto Association], →OCLC, page 168:
      Tre maldense okupitaj estas la regionoj de violo kaj purpuro. Ŝajne ekzistas grandaj diferencoj en la kolorbezonoj.
      The regions of violet and purple are very sparsely occupied. Seemingly there exist big differences in the color needs.

Italian

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Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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violo m (plural violi) (regional, Tuscan)

  1. violet (plant)
    Synonym: (normal register) viola
  2. carnation
    Synonym: (normal register) garofano

Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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violo m (plural violi) (regional, Venice)

  1. path
    Synonym: (normal register) viottolo

Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈvi.o.lo/
  • Rhymes: -iolo
  • Hyphenation: vì‧o‧lo

Verb

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violo

  1. first-person singular present indicative of violare

References

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  1. ^ violo in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)
  2. ^ violo in Dizionario Italiano Olivetti, Olivetti Media Communication
  3. ^ violo in Dizionario Italiano Olivetti, Olivetti Media Communication

Anagrams

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Latin

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Etymology

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Traditionally derived from vīs (“strength”), as if from some diminutive *viola. De Vaan prefers to derive the word instead from a deverbal adjective, which he reconstructs as Proto-Indo-European *weyh₁-elos. Either way, from Proto-Indo-European *weyh₁- (“to chase, strive after”).[1]

Pronunciation

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Verb

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violō (present infinitive violāre, perfect active violāvī, supine violātum); first conjugation

  1. to treat with violence; to maltreat
  2. to violate, defile, profane, rape
    Synonyms: rumpō, irrumpō, frangō, īnfringō
    • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 6.167:
      post illud nec avēs cūnās violāsse feruntur
      Nor after that were they suffering the birds to have violated cradles
      (A goddess intervenes after a baby is attacked by striges and her divine prayers impart lasting protection.)

Conjugation

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   Conjugation of violō (first conjugation)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present violō violās violat violāmus violātis violant
imperfect violābam violābās violābat violābāmus violābātis violābant
future violābō violābis violābit violābimus violābitis violābunt
perfect violāvī violāvistī,
violāstī3 		violāvit,
violāt3 		violāvimus,
violāmus3 		violāvistis,
violāstis3 		violāvērunt,
violāvēre,
violārunt3
pluperfect violāveram,
violāram3 		violāverās,
violārās3 		violāverat,
violārat3 		violāverāmus,
violārāmus3 		violāverātis,
violārātis3 		violāverant,
violārant3
future perfect violāverō,
violārō3 		violāveris,
violāris3 		violāverit,
violārit3 		violāverimus,
violārimus3 		violāveritis,
violāritis3 		violāverint,
violārint3
sigmatic future1 violāssō violāssis violāssit,
violāsit 		violāssimus violāssitis violāssint
passive present violor violāris,
violāre 		violātur violāmur violāminī violantur
imperfect violābar violābāris,
violābāre 		violābātur violābāmur violābāminī violābantur
future violābor violāberis,
violābere 		violābitur violābimur violābiminī violābuntur
perfect violātus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect violātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect violātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present violem violēs violet violēmus violētis violent
imperfect violārem violārēs violāret violārēmus violārētis violārent
perfect violāverim,
violārim3 		violāverīs,
violārīs3 		violāverit,
violārit3 		violāverīmus,
violārīmus3 		violāverītis,
violārītis3 		violāverint,
violārint3
pluperfect violāvissem,
violāssem3 		violāvissēs,
violāssēs3 		violāvisset,
violāsset3 		violāvissēmus,
violāssēmus3 		violāvissētis,
violāssētis3 		violāvissent,
violāssent3
sigmatic aorist1 violāssim violāssīs violāssīt violāssīmus violāssītis violāssint
passive present violer violēris,
violēre 		violētur violēmur violēminī violentur
imperfect violārer violārēris,
violārēre 		violārētur violārēmur violārēminī violārentur
perfect violātus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect violātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — violā — — violāte —
future — violātō violātō — violātōte violantō
passive present — violāre — — violāminī —
future — violātor violātor — — violantor
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives violāre violāvisse,
violāsse3 		violātūrum esse violārī violātum esse violātum īrī
participles violāns — violātūrus — violātus violandus
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
violandī violandō violandum violandō violātum violātū

1At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to").
2Archaic.
3At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.

Derived terms

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Descendants

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References

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  • “violo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “violo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • violo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to break one's word: fidem laedere, violare, frangere
    • to break one's oath: iusiurandum violare
    • to profane sacred rites: sacra polluere et violare
    • to break a truce: indutias violare
    • to violate the law of nations: ius gentium violare
    • to violate a treaty, terms of alliance: foedus frangere, rumpere, violare
  1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 680

Portuguese

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Verb

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violo

  1. first-person singular present indicative of violar

Spanish

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈbjolo/ [ˈbjo.lo]
  • Rhymes: -olo
  • Syllabification: vio‧lo

Verb

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violo

  1. first-person singular present indicative of violar
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