tor

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See also: Tor, and Appendix:Variations of "tor"

English

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WOTD – 19 February 2013
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Middle English tor, torr-, from Old English torr, tor (“a high rock, lofty hill, tower”), possibly from Proto-Celtic, compare Old Welsh *tor (“hill”); ultimately from Latin turris (“tower”), from Ancient Greek τύρρις (túrrhis), τύρσις (túrsis, “tower”), of non-Indo-European origin.

Cognate with Cornish tor, Scottish Gaelic tòrr, Welsh tŵr, Irish tor, French tor, and Romansch tor/tur/tuor; the first four are Celtic (from Latin turris), the last two directly from Latin turris (from Ancient Greek τύρρις (túrrhis) and τύρσις (túrsis)). It is not clear whether the Celtic forms were borrowed from Old English or vice versa. Doublet of tourelle, tower, and turret.

Tor near the summit of Knocknagun, in Wicklow, Ireland

Noun

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tor (plural tors)

  1. (geology) A craggy outcrop of rock on the summit of a hill, created by the erosion and weathering of rock.
  2. (South-West England) A hill with such rock formation.
    • 2008, Lydia Joyce, Shadows of the Night‎[1], Signet Eclipse, →ISBN, page 242:
      She had slipped the letters into her pocket next to the packet of antique documents and had taken an umbrella—as the sky was ominous out over the distant tors—and strolled around the manor house and down the road toward the village.
Translations
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Etymology 2

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Adjective

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tor (comparative more tor, superlative most tor)

  1. Alternative form of tore ("hard, difficult; strong; rich").

See also

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Anagrams

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Afrikaans

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Etymology

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From Dutch tor, from Middle Dutch torre. Compare the probably cognate Germanic etymology of English dor.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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tor (plural torre)

  1. beetle

Aromanian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Latin tornō. Compare Romanian turna, torn.

Verb

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tor first-singular present indicative (third-person singular present indicative tore, past participle turate)

  1. to return, come back
  2. to pour
  3. to respond
  4. to rethink
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See also

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Azerbaijani

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Other scripts
Cyrillic تور
Abjad

Etymology

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Inherited from Common Turkic *tor. Cognate with Old Turkic [script needed] (tor, “net”), Southern Altai тор (tor, “net”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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tor (definite accusative toru, plural torlar)

  1. net

Declension

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    Declension of tor
singular plural
nominative tor
 torlar
definite accusative toru
 torları
dative tora
 torlara
locative torda
 torlarda
ablative tordan
 torlardan
definite genitive torun
 torların
    Possessive forms of tor
nominative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) torum torlarım
sənin (“your”) torun torların
onun (“his/her/its”) toru torları
bizim (“our”) torumuz torlarımız
sizin (“your”) torunuz torlarınız
onların (“their”) toru or torları torları
accusative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) torumu torlarımı
sənin (“your”) torunu torlarını
onun (“his/her/its”) torunu torlarını
bizim (“our”) torumuzu torlarımızı
sizin (“your”) torunuzu torlarınızı
onların (“their”) torunu or torlarını torlarını
dative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) toruma torlarıma
sənin (“your”) toruna torlarına
onun (“his/her/its”) toruna torlarına
bizim (“our”) torumuza torlarımıza
sizin (“your”) torunuza torlarınıza
onların (“their”) toruna or torlarına torlarına
locative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) torumda torlarımda
sənin (“your”) torunda torlarında
onun (“his/her/its”) torunda torlarında
bizim (“our”) torumuzda torlarımızda
sizin (“your”) torunuzda torlarınızda
onların (“their”) torunda or torlarında torlarında
ablative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) torumdan torlarımdan
sənin (“your”) torundan torlarından
onun (“his/her/its”) torundan torlarından
bizim (“our”) torumuzdan torlarımızdan
sizin (“your”) torunuzdan torlarınızdan
onların (“their”) torundan or torlarından torlarından
genitive
singular plural
mənim (“my”) torumun torlarımın
sənin (“your”) torunun torlarının
onun (“his/her/its”) torunun torlarının
bizim (“our”) torumuzun torlarımızın
sizin (“your”) torunuzun torlarınızın
onların (“their”) torunun or torlarının torlarının

Breton

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Etymology

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From Middle Breton torr, teur, from Old Breton tar, from Proto-Celtic *torr-V- (“belly”), of uncertain origin; according to Matasovic, of non-Indo-European origin, but according to MacBain, from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to turn, rub”), cognate with Proto-Germanic *þarmaz (“guts, intestines”), Ancient Greek τάμισος (támisos, “rennet”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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tor m (plural torioù, collective toroù)

  1. (anatomy) belly, stomach, abdomen

Synonyms

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Noun

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tor

  1. Hard mutation of dor.

Mutation

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Mutation of tor
unmutated soft aspirate hard
singular tor dor zor unchanged
plural torioù dorioù zorioù unchanged

References

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Cimbrian

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Etymology

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From Middle High German tor, from Old High German tor, from Proto-Germanic *durą (“large door; gate”). Cognate with German Tor, English door.

Noun

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tor n (Luserna)

  1. gate, gateway
  2. large doorway

References

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Danish

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /toːr/, [tˢoːˀɐ̯]

Verb

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tor

  1. present of to

Dutch

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Dutch Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia nl

Etymology

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From Middle Dutch torre, of uncertain origin, possibly an imitative Middle Dutch base turren (“buzz”). Compare cognate West Frisian tuorre, toarre.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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tor f (plural torren, diminutive torretje n)

  1. beetle, insect of the order Coleoptera

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Afrikaans: tor

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Hungarian

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

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tor (plural torok)

  1. (literary, archaic or folksy) meal, repast, feast (ceremonial meal held after weddings, funerals, or other special occasions)
    Synonym: lakoma
    halotti tor ― funeral feast
    disznótor ― meal on pig-killing day (literally, “pig meal”)
Declension
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Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative tor torok
accusative tort torokat
dative tornak toroknak
instrumental torral torokkal
causal-final torért torokért
translative torrá torokká
terminative torig torokig
essive-formal torként torokként
essive-modal — —
inessive torban torokban
superessive toron torokon
adessive tornál toroknál
illative torba torokba
sublative torra torokra
allative torhoz torokhoz
elative torból torokból
delative torról torokról
ablative tortól toroktól
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		toré toroké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		toréi torokéi
Possessive forms of tor
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. torom toraim
2nd person sing. torod toraid
3rd person sing. tora torai
1st person plural torunk toraink
2nd person plural torotok toraitok
3rd person plural toruk toraik
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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From Latin thorax, from Ancient Greek θώραξ (thṓrax, “breastplate, chest”), created during the Hungarian language reform, which took place in the 18th–19th centuries.

Noun

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tor (plural torok)

  1. (zoology) thorax (of an arthropod)
    Coordinate terms: fej, potroh
Declension
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Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative tor torok
accusative tort torokat
dative tornak toroknak
instrumental torral torokkal
causal-final torért torokért
translative torrá torokká
terminative torig torokig
essive-formal torként torokként
essive-modal — —
inessive torban torokban
superessive toron torokon
adessive tornál toroknál
illative torba torokba
sublative torra torokra
allative torhoz torokhoz
elative torból torokból
delative torról torokról
ablative tortól toroktól
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		toré toroké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		toréi torokéi
Possessive forms of tor
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. torom toraim
2nd person sing. torod toraid
3rd person sing. tora torai
1st person plural torunk toraink
2nd person plural torotok toraitok
3rd person plural toruk toraik

Further reading

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  • (ceremonial meal): tor in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • (thorax): tor in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Irish

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Old Irish tor.

Noun

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tor m (genitive singular toir, nominative plural toir)

  1. bush, shrub; clump, tuft
    Synonym: tom
  2. head (of cabbage)
    Synonym: ceann
Declension
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Declension of tor

First declension

Bare forms:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative tor toir
Vocative a thoir a thora
Genitive toir tor
Dative tor toir

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an tor na toir
Genitive an toir na dtor
Dative leis an tor

don tor

leis na toir

Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Probably from Proto-Celtic (Cornish tor, Scottish Gaelic tòrr), possibly borrowed from Old English torr (“a high rock, tower”), though the reverse is more likely; all ultimately from Latin turris (“tower”) and of non-Indo-European origin.[2]

More at English tor and tor. Also compare Latin Taurini.

Noun

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tor m (genitive singular toir, nominative plural toir)

  1. (geography) tall rock; steep rocky height
  2. (literary) tower; towering warrior, pillar (of battle)
Declension
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Declension of tor

First declension

Bare forms:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative tor toir
Vocative a thoir a thora
Genitive toir tor
Dative tor toir

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an tor na toir
Genitive an toir na dtor
Dative leis an tor

don tor

leis na toir

Etymology 3

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Noun

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tor m

  1. Alternative form of toradh

Etymology 4

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Noun

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tor m (genitive singular toir, nominative plural toir)

  1. Alternative form of tarathar
Declension
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Declension of tor

First declension

Bare forms:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative tor toir
Vocative a thoir a thora
Genitive toir tor
Dative tor toir

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an tor na toir
Genitive an toir na dtor
Dative leis an tor

don tor

leis na toir

Mutation

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Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
tor thor dtor
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

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  1. ^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, pages 91–181
  2. ^ Douglas Harper (2001–2024) “tor”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

Further reading

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  • Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “tor”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
  • “tor”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024

Occitan

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Etymology

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From Latin turris, turrim.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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tor f (plural tors)

  1. tower
    Synonym: torre
  2. (chess) rook

See also

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Chess pieces in Occitan · pèças d'escacs (layout · text)
♚ ♛ ♜ ♝ ♞ ♟
rèi rèina tor fòl cavalièr pion

Old English

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Noun

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tor m

  1. Alternative form of torr

Old French

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Etymology 1

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From Latin turrim, from Ancient Greek τύρρις (túrrhis), τύρσις (túrsis).

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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tor oblique singular, f (oblique plural tors, nominative singular tor, nominative plural tors)

  1. tower
Descendants
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Etymology 2

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From Latin taurus.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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tor oblique singular, m (oblique plural tors, nominative singular tors, nominative plural tor)

  1. bull (bovine)
Derived terms
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Polish

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Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *torъ, from *terti.

Noun

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tor m inan

  1. track, course, path
  2. rail track
  3. lane (a part of a sports track)
  4. trajectory
Declension
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Declension of tor
singular plural
nominative tor tory
genitive toru torów
dative torowi torom
accusative tor tory
instrumental torem torami
locative torze torach
vocative torze tory
Derived terms
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adjectives
nouns
verb

Etymology 2

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From Latin thorium, from Old Scandinavian Thorr.

Noun

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Chemical element
Th
Previous: aktyn (Ac)
Next: protaktyn (Pa)

tor m inan

  1. thorium
Declension
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Declension of tor
singular
nominative tor
genitive toru
dative torowi
accusative tor
instrumental torem
locative torze
vocative torze

Etymology 3

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Named for Evangelista Torricelli, an Italian physicist.

Noun

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tor m inan (abbreviation Tr)

  1. torr
Declension
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Declension of tor
singular plural
nominative tor tory
genitive toru torów
dative torowi torom
accusative tor tory
instrumental torem torami
locative torze torach
vocative torze tory

Etymology 4

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

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tor

  1. genitive plural of tora

Further reading

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  • tor in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • tor in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian

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Etymology

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From Latin torus.

Noun

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tor n (plural toruri)

  1. torus

Romansch

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Latin turris, turrem, from Ancient Greek τύρρις (túrrhis), τύρσις (túrsis).

Noun

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tor m (plural tors)

  1. (Surmiran) tower

Scanian

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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tor

  1. March (month)

Serbo-Croatian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *torъ.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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tȏr m (Cyrillic spelling то̑р)

  1. corral, cote

Declension

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Declension of tor
singular plural
nominative tȏr tòrovi
genitive tora torova
dative toru torovima
accusative tor torove
vocative toru torovi
locative toru torovima
instrumental torom torovima

Further reading

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  • “tor”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024
  • “tor”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024

Turkish

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Alternative forms

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Turkic *tōr- (“a kind of young animal”). Related to toy.

Noun

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tor (definite accusative toru, plural torlar)

  1. young
  2. novice
  3. whelp
  4. beginner
  5. recruit
Declension
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Inflection
Nominative tor
Definite accusative toru
Singular Plural
Nominative tor torlar
Definite accusative toru torları
Dative tora torlara
Locative torda torlarda
Ablative tordan torlardan
Genitive torun torların

References

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Etymology 2

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Inherited from Common Turkic *tor (“net for catching birds or fish”). Cognate with Azerbaijani tor and Kazakh тор (tor).

Noun

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tor (definite accusative toru, plural torlar)

  1. (dialectal) net, mesh
  2. (dialectal, by extension) mosquito net
  3. (dialectal) trap

Uzbek

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Other scripts
Yangi Imlo
Cyrillic тор‍
Latin tor‍
Perso-Arabic
(Afghanistan)

Etymology

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From Proto-Turkic *d(i)ār.

Adjective

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tor (comparative torroq, superlative eng tor)

  1. narrow, tight

Noun

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tor (plural torlar)

  1. string

Venetan

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

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tor

  1. (transitive) to take
  2. (transitive) to get

Volapük

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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tor (nominative plural tors)

  1. bull

Declension

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declension of tor
singular plural
nominative tor tors
genitive tora toras
dative tore tores
accusative tori toris
vocative 1 o tor! o tors!
predicative 2 toru torus
  • 1 status as a case is disputed
  • 2 in later, non-classical Volapük only

Synonyms

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Antonyms

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Derived terms

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  • torül (“bull calf, male calf”)

Welsh

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Deverbal from torri

Noun

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tor m (uncountable)

  1. breaking, breach
Derived terms
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Verb

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tor

  1. (literary) third-person singular present/future of torri
    (colloquial) torrith, (colloquial) torriff
  2. (literary) second-person singular imperative of torri
    (colloquial) torra

Etymology 2

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Noun

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tor f (plural torrau or torroedd, diminutive torryn)

  1. abdomen

Mutation

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Mutated forms of tor
radical soft nasal aspirate
tor dor nhor thor

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

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  • Griffiths, Bruce, Glyn Jones, Dafydd (1995) Geiriadur yr Academi: The Welsh Academy English–Welsh Dictionary‎[3], Cardiff: University of Wales Press, →ISBN
  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “tor”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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