ren

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ren"

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɹɛn/
• Rhymes: -ɛn

Etymology 1

Learned borrowing from Latin rēn. Doublet of rein (“kidney”).

Noun

ren (plural renes)

1. (anatomy) A kidney.
   • 1759, Malcolm Flemyng, “Lecture XIX. On the kidneys and urinary bladder. Gravel; calculus.”, in An Introduction to Physiology, Being a Courſe of Lectures Upon the moſt important Parts of the Animal Œconomy: […], London: J. Nourse, →OCLC, page 259:

     Having treated laſt of the expulſion of the inteſtinal fæces, we come next to conſider thoſe organs, which ſeparate and throw off another principal excrementitious matter, to wit, urine. The firſt of which is the renes or kidneys.

   • 1810, William Tully, “On Aliment”, in Proceedings of the Presidents and Fellows of the Connecticut Medical Society, published 1884, page 326:

     We find, however, that the detrita, consisting principally of effete hydrogen and carbon, brought into the circulation by the absorbents, are constantly making their escape from the system by way of the renes, skin, and lungs, in the forms of water, and carbonic-acid.

   • 1858, William Tully, Materia Medica; Or, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, page 1195:

     It would probably have been considered an important omission if I had not mentioned Water as a substance excreted freely by the renes or kidneys.

   • 1893, Henry Power, Leonard William Sedgwick, The New Sydenham Society's Lexicon of Medicine and the Allied Sciences:

     Renal. Belonging to the ren or kidney.

Related terms

• renal

Translations

a kidney — see kidney

Etymology 2

Learned borrowing from Egyptian rn,

Noun

ren (plural rens)

1. (Egyptian mythology) One’s name, as part of the soul in ancient Egyptian mythology.
   • 1983, Norman Mailer, Ancient Evenings:

     For the Ren did not belong to the man, but came out of the Celestial Waters to enter an infant in the hour of his birth and might not stir again until it was time to go back.

Anagrams

• ner, NER, NRE, ern, -ern, RNE, ENR, -ner-, Ern

Albanian

Alternative forms

• rên, rêu, rêj, rê (Gheg)
• re (Standard Albanian)

Etymology

The Tosk (Çamërisht, Arbëreshë/Arvanite) and also Old Albanian form of Standard Albanian re (“cloud, clouds”).

Noun

ren f

1. cloud(s)
2. haze, mist
3. overcast

Related terms

• re f
• rij, ritë
• vrenjt
• vrenjtur
• vrëndë f
• vranësi f
• rend
• përrua m, përrue m
• përrenj m, përronj m

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from French renne.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central) [ˈrɛn]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic) [ˈrən]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ˈren]

Noun

ren m (plural rens)

1. reindeer

Chinese

Etymology

Clipping of English render.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɹɛːn⁵⁵/

Verb

ren

1. (Hong Kong Cantonese, computer graphics) to render

   ren片 [Hong Kong Cantonese]  ―  ren pin^3-2 [Jyutping]  ―  to render a video

   • 2023, 新聞女王 [The Queen of News], episode 1, spoken by 徐曉薇 (何依婷 [Regina Ho]):

     Nelson，半個鐘頭內ren好個動畫。 [Hong Kong Cantonese, trad.]
     Nelson，半个钟头内ren好个动画。 [Hong Kong Cantonese, simp.]

     Nelson, bun³ go³ zung¹ tau⁴ noi⁶ ren hou² go³ dung⁶ waa^6-2. [Jyutping]

     Nelson, finish rendering the animation in half an hour.

Chuukese

Preposition

ren

1. with (third person singular)

Cimbrian

Verb

ren

1. to speak
2. to talk

References

• Umberto Patuzzi, ed., (2013) Ünsarne Börtar, Luserna: Comitato unitario delle linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

Danish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /reːˀn/, [ˈʁæˀn]

Etymology 1

From Old Norse hreinn m, from Proto-Germanic *hrainaz, cognate with Norwegian rein, Swedish ren, Old English hrān.

Noun

ren c (singular definite renen, plural indefinite rener)

1. reindeer

   Synonym: rensdyr

Declension

Declension of ren

common gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	ren	renen	rener	renerne
genitive	rens	renens	reners	renernes

Derived terms

• rensdyr

References

• “ren,1” in Den Danske Ordbog

Etymology 2

From Old Norse rein f, from Proto-Germanic *rainō, cognate with Norwegian rein, Swedish ren, German Rain (English rean is from Old Norse).

Noun

ren c (singular definite renen, plural indefinite rene or rener)

1. (rare, real estate, agriculture) a strip of unplowed land serving as a boundary between estates

   Synonym: agerren

Declension

Declension of ren

common gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	ren	renen	rene rener	renene renerne
genitive	rens	renens	renes reners	renenes renernes

Derived terms

• agerren

References

• “ren,2” in Den Danske Ordbog

Etymology 3

From Old Norse hreinn (“clean”), from Proto-Germanic *hrainiz, cognate with Norwegian rein, Swedish ren, German rein, Gothic 𐌷𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (hrains).

Adjective

ren (neuter rent, plural and definite singular attributive rene)

1. clean (without dirt)
2. pure, mere, sheer(without any added elements)
3. pure (morally)

Inflection

Inflection of ren
	Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Indefinte common singular	ren	renere	renest2
Indefinite neuter singular	rent	renere	renest2
Plural	rene	renere	renest2
Definite attributive1	rene	renere	reneste
1) When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used. 2) The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

Derived terms

• renavl
• rendyrke
• renfærdig
• rengøre
• renhed
• renhjertet
• renholde
• renlig
• renlivet
• rense
• renskrive
• renskuret
• renskære
• renvaske

 

References

• “ren,3” in Den Danske Ordbog

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rɛn/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: ren
• Rhymes: -ɛn
• Homophone: Ren

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch rinne, renne.

Noun

ren f (plural rennen, diminutive rennetje n)

1. a run; an enclosed area where small or mid-sized livestock such as poultry are kept

Derived terms

• hoenderren
• kippenren
• konijnenren
• varkensren

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

ren

1. inflection of rennen:
   1. first-person singular present indicative
   2. (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
   3. imperative

Galician

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese ren, from Latin rēs nāta, neutral plural of rēs nātum, Latin no things.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈreŋ/

Pronoun

ren

1. (now literary) nothing

   Synonym: nada

   Antonym: todo

References

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “ren”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “ren”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “ren”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “ren”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega

Haitian Creole

Etymology

From French rein (“kidney”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɣɛ̃/

Noun

ren

1. kidney

Interlingua

Noun

ren (plural renes)

1. kidney

Japanese

Romanization

ren

1. Rōmaji transcription of れん

Latin

Alternative forms

• rien

Etymology

Uncertain. Several etymologies proposed:

• From Proto-Italic *hrēn, cognate with Ancient Greek φρήν (phrḗn, “heart, midriff, mind”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰrḗn (“an internal part of the body”).
• Earlier *srēn, cognate with Old Prussian straunay, Lithuanian strė́nos, srė́nos f pl (“loins”), Latvian striena (“loins”) and Avestan 𐬭𐬁𐬥𐬀- (rāna-, “thigh”), from Proto-Indo-European *srḗn (“hip, loins”). Further disputed connection with Ancient Greek ῥάχις (rhákhis, “spine, chine”).
• Cognate with Tocharian A āriñc, Tocharian B arañce (“heart”) and Hittite 𒄩𒄩𒊑 (ḫa-ḫa-ri- /⁠ḫaḫri-⁠/, “lungs ~ midriff ?”) (exact meaning uncertain), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₂-ri-, *h₂eh₂-r-en- (“an internal organ”). Compare also Old Irish áru and Welsh aren (“kidney”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /reːn/, [reːn]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ren/, [rɛn]

Noun

rēn m (genitive rēnis); third declension

1. (chiefly in the plural) kidney

Declension

Third-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	rēn	rēnēs
genitive	rēnis	rēnum
dative	rēnī	rēnibus
accusative	rēnem	rēnēs
ablative	rēne	rēnibus
vocative	rēn	rēnēs

Derived terms

• rēnālis
• rēniculus
• rēnunculus

Descendants

• Balkan Romance:
  • Romanian: rână
• Italo-Romance:
  • Italian: rene
  • Sicilian: rini
• North-Italian:
  • Gallo-Italic:
    • Piedmontese: ren
  • Venetan: reno
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Franco-Provençal: ren
  • Old French: rein, rain
    • Middle French: rein
      • French: rein
    • Norman: rein
    • Walloon: rino, rno, rin
    • → English: rein
• Occitano-Romance:
  • Occitan: ren
• Ibero-Romance:
  • ⇒ Aragonese: renera
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: rẽes f pl (“hips”) (from the plural)
    • Galician: rens, res
  • Old Galician-Portuguese:
    • Galician: rin
    • Portuguese: rim
  • Spanish: rene (dated)
• Sardinian:
  • rene
• ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *rēna
  • Gascon: rea, arrea, arreia, arria, arriá, arrenha
• ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *rēnile
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: *rẽil
    • Galician: ril, rinle
• ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *rēniō (see there for further descendants)
• Borrowings:
  • → Gheg Albanian: rrâni
  • → English: ren (learned)
  • → Interlingua: ren

Further reading

• “ren”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ren”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ren in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• ren in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

Mandarin

Romanization

ren

1. Nonstandard spelling of rén.
2. Nonstandard spelling of rěn.
3. Nonstandard spelling of rèn.

Usage notes

• Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Manx

Verb

ren

1. past of jean

Middle English

Noun

ren

1. Alternative form of reyn (“rain”)

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

• rein (Nynorsk also)

Etymology

From Old Norse hreinn.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /reːn/, [ɾeːn]

Adjective

ren (neuter singular rent, definite singular and plural rene, comparative renere, indefinite superlative renest, definite superlative reneste)

1. clean
2. pure

Antonyms

• uren

Derived terms

• gullende ren
• rengjøre
• renhet
• renhold
• renholder

 

References

• “ren” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Occitan

Etymology 1

from Latin rēnes < rēn, from Proto-Italic *hrēn, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰren- (“an internal part of the body”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ren/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

ren m (plural rens)

1. (anatomy) kidney

Synonyms

• lomb
• ronhon

Dialectal variants

• arnelh (Gascon)

Etymology 2

From Latin rem, accusative of rēs (“thing”). Compare Catalan res (“nothing”), French rien (“nothing”).

Pronoun

ren

1. (Provençal, Limousin) nothing

Dialectal variants

• res
• arren

Old English

Noun

rēn m

1. Alternative form of reġn

Piedmontese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rɛŋ/

Noun

ren m

1. kidney

Polish

ren

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈrɛn/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛn
• Syllabification: ren
• Homophone: Ren

Etymology 1

Borrowed from North Germanic. Compare Norwegian Bokmål rein, Swedish ren.

Noun

ren m animal (female equivalent reniferzyca)

1. caribou, reindeer (Arctic and Subarctic-dwelling deer)

   Synonyms: karibu, renifer, renifer tundrowy

Declension

Declension of ren

	singular	plural
nominative	ren	reny
genitive	rena	renów
dative	renowi	renom
accusative	rena	reny
instrumental	renem	renami
locative	renie	renach
vocative	renie	reny

Related terms

adjective

• reniferowy

 

noun

• renifer

 

Etymology 2

Learned borrowing from Latin rhenium.

Noun

Chemical element
Re
Previous: wolfram (W)
Next: osm (Os)

ren m inan

1. rhenium

Declension

Declension of ren

	singular
nominative	ren
genitive	renu
dative	renowi
accusative	ren
instrumental	renem
locative	renie
vocative	renie

Further reading

• ren in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• ren in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian

Un ren

Etymology

Borrowed from French renne, from Swedish ren, from Old Norse hreinn.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ren/

Noun

ren m (plural reni)

1. reindeer

Declension

Declension of ren

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) ren	renul	(niște) reni	renii
genitive/dative	(unui) ren	renului	(unor) reni	renilor
vocative	renule		renilor

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xrěnъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rên/

Noun

rȅn m (Cyrillic spelling ре̏н)

1. horseradish

Declension

Declension of ren

	singular
nominative	rȅn
genitive	rèna
dative	renu
accusative	ren
vocative	rene
locative	renu
instrumental	renom

Swedish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /reːn/

• Audio:

  (file)

Etymology 1

From Old Norse hreinn (noun).

Noun

ren c

1. reindeer (Rangifer tarandus)
   • 1949, “Rudolf med röda mulen [Rudolf with the red nose]”, Eric Sandström (lyrics), Johnny Marks (music)‎^[1]:

     Rudolf med röda mulen, hette en helt vanlig ren, som blivit kall om mulen, därav kom dess röda sken. Rudolf fick alltid höra: "Se, han har sitt dimljus på!" Att han blev led åt detta, är en sak man kan förstå. Men en mörk julaftonskväll, tomtefar han sa: "Vill du inte Rudolf, säg, med din mule lysa mig?" Allt sen den dagen renen, tomtens egen släde drar. Rudolf med röda mulen, lyser väg åt tomtefar.

     Rudolf with the red nose, was the name of a [completely] ordinary reindeer, who had gotten a cold nose [had become cold about/around the nose], thence [thereof] came its red glow. Rudolf always got to hear: "Look, he has his fog light on!" That he got tired of this, is something one can understand. But one dark Christmas Eve night, Santa Claus, he said: "Don't you want to, Rudolf, say, with your nose, light my way [light me]?" Ever since that day the reindeer, Santa's own sleigh pulls. Rudolf with the red nose, lights Santa Claus's way [lights way for Santa Claus].

2. (chiefly in compounds) a strip of land around an edge (of a road or field or the like)

Declension

Declension of ren

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	ren	rens
	definite	renen	renens
plural	indefinite	renar	renars
	definite	renarna	renarnas

Hyponyms

• härk c
• renko c
• rentjur c
• sarv c
• vaja c

Derived terms

• dikesren
• vägren
• åkerren

Etymology 2

From Old Norse hreinn (“clean”), from Proto-Germanic *hrainiz.

Adjective

ren (comparative renare, superlative renast)

1. clean (not dirty)

   En tvättmaskin gör kläder rena

   A washing machine makes clothes clean

   Jag har städat stugan, så nu är det rent och fint där inne

   I've cleaned the cabin, so now it's nice and clean in there

2. pure

   rent guld

   pure gold

   en ren lögn

   a pure lie

   ren idioti

   pure idiocy

   1. straight (without anything added)

      dricka vodka rent

      drink vodka straight

Declension

Inflection of ren
Indefinite	Positive	Comparative	Superlative2
Common singular	ren	renare	renast
Neuter singular	rent	renare	renast
Plural	rena	renare	renast
Masculine plural3	rene	renare	renast
Definite	Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Masculine singular1	rene	renare	renaste
All	rena	renare	renaste
1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine. 2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. 3) Dated or archaic

Antonyms

• oren
• smutsig

Derived terms

• ha rent mjöl i påsen
• ren och skär
• rena rama

References

• ren in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• ren in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• ren in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Anagrams

• ner

Tok Pisin

Etymology

From English rain.

Noun

ren

1. rain
   • 1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 2:5:

     ...i no gat diwai na gras samting i kamap long graun yet, long wanem, em i no salim ren i kam daun yet. Na i no gat man bilong wokim gaden.

     →New International Version translation

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [zɛn˧˧]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [ʐɛŋ˧˧]
• (Saigon) IPA^(key): [ɹɛŋ˧˧]

Noun

ren • (蓮, 𨕡)

1. threading

Verb

ren • (蓮, 𨕡)

1. to thread; lace; weave

Wolof

Noun

ren

1. last year

References

Omar Ka (2018) Nanu Dégg Wolof, National African Language Resource Center, →ISBN, page 155

Wutunhua

Etymology

From Mandarin 人 (rén).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɻə̃]

Noun

ren

1. person

References

• Erika Sandman (2016) A Grammar of Wutun‎^[2], University of Helsinki (PhD), →ISBN