sub

See also: sub-, sub., and ␚

English

Pronunciation

• enPR: sŭb, IPA^(key): /sʌb/

  • Audio (US):

    (file)

• (Northern England, Ireland) IPA^(key): /sʊb/
• Rhymes: -ʌb
• Hyphenation: sub

Etymology 1

• Shortened form of any of various words beginning with sub-.
• (lend a person money): From subsidize.

Noun

sub (plural subs)

1. Abbreviation of submarine.
   • 1989, James Cameron, The Abyss (motion picture), spoken by Alan "Hippy" Carnes (Todd Graff):

     You know, we got Russian subs creepin' around; anythin' goes wrong they can say whatever they want happened! Give their folks medals!

2. Short for submarine sandwich.: a sandwich made on a long bun.

   We can get subs at that deli.

3. (nautical) Clipping of submersible.
4. (informal) Clipping of substitute, often in sports or teaching.

   With the score 4 to 1, they brought in subs.

   She worked as a sub until she got her teaching certificate.

   • 1930, Boy's Live, Philip Scruggs, There Can Be Victory, page 20:

     At any other school you would be playing varsity, and Wallace has you pigeon-holed on the subs." "Maybe he has his reasons," Jim replied. "And he hasn't pigeon-holed me on the subs yet — not this season.

5. (British, informal, often in plural) Clipping of subscription (a payment made for membership of a club, etc.)
   • 1951, H. L. Gold, “Annual Report”, in Galaxy Science Fiction, volume 2, number 6, page 2:

     According to the best available information, GALAXY has several times as many subs as any other science fiction magazine!

6. (Internet, informal) Clipping of subtitle.

   Synonyms: CC, S

   I've just noticed a mistake in the subs for this film.

7. (computing, programming) Clipping of subroutine. (sometimes one that does not return a value, as distinguished from a function, which does)
   • 2002, Nathan Patwardhan, Ellen Siever, Stephen Spainhour, Perl in a nutshell:

     The default accessor can be overridden by declaring a sub of the same name in the package.

   • 2004, P. K. McBride, Introductory Visual Basic.NET, page 49:

     So far, all the subs and functions that we have used have been those built into the system, or those written to handle events from controls […]

8. (colloquial) Clipping of subeditor.
9. (colloquial) Clipping of subcontractor.
10. (slang) Clipping of subwoofer.
11. (publishing, colloquial) Clipping of submission (of a work for publication)
12. (BDSM, informal) Clipping of submissive.
    • 2004, Paul Baker, Fantabulosa: A Dictionary of Polari and Gay Slang:

      […] roleplay where a sub or bottom takes care of a top's bodily and hygiene needs […]

    • 2007, Laurell K Hamilton, The Harlequin:

      "It means that I'm both a sub and a dom." "Submissive and dominant," I said. He nodded.

    • 2008, Lannie Rose, How to Change Your Sex:

      Typically a dom and a sub have a more or less standard routine that they like to go through all the time.

    • 2012, “Karai's Vendetta”, in Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles‎^[1]:

      We're not that kind of sub!

      (implied in dual meaning of submissive and submarine)

13. (colloquial, dated) Clipping of subordinate.
14. (colloquial, dated) Clipping of subaltern.
    • 1911, J. Milton Hayes, The Green Eye of the Yellow God:

      He was known as 'Mad Carew' by the subs at Khatmandu,
      He was hotter than they felt inclined to tell;
      But for all his foolish pranks, he was worshipped in the ranks,
      And the Colonel's daughter smiled on him as well.

15. (colloquial, Internet) Clipping of subscription (or (by extension) a subscriber) to an online channel or feed.

    I'm totally stoked; just got 10 new subs after my last video.

16. (colloquial) Short for subsistence money (part of a worker's wages paid before the work is finished)
17. (Internet slang) Short for subreddit.
18. (Philippines, colloquial) Clipping of subject (“particular area of study”).

Synonyms

• (submarine sandwich): submarine, submarine sandwich; grinder, hero, hero sandwich, hoagie, po' boy, spuckie, torpedo, wedge

Hypernyms

• (submarine sandwich): sandwich

Derived terms

• fansub
• party sub

 

Translations

submarine — see also submarine

• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 潛艇／潜艇 (zh) (qiántǐng)

• Czech: ponorka (cs) f
• Finnish: sukellusvene (fi); suklari (slang)
• German: U-Boot (de) n, (nuke) Atom-U-Boot (de) n
• Italian: sottomarino (it) m
• Spanish: please add this translation if you can
• Volapük: daivanaf, dismelanaf (vo)

submarine sandwich

• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 潛艇三文治／潜艇三文治 (cim⁴ teng⁵ saam¹ man⁴ zi⁶)

  Mandarin: 潛艇三明治／潜艇三明治 (qiántǐng sānmíngzhì), 潛艇堡／潜艇堡 (qiántǐngbǎo)

• Finnish: sämpylä (fi), subi
• French: sandwich sous-marin m
• Hindi: सब (hi) m (sab)
• Icelandic: langloka f
• Russian: субмари́на-сэ́ндвич m (submarína-sɛ́ndvič)
• Spanish: please add this translation if you can

substitute

• Finnish: varamies

slang: subscription

• Finnish: subi

submissive in BDSM

• Finnish: subi

subtitle — see also subtitle

• Finnish: tekstitys (fi), subi (colloquial)

computing: subroutine — see subroutine

subeditor — see subeditor

subcontractor — see subcontractor

subordinate — see subordinate

subwoofer — see subwoofer

subaltern — see subaltern

subscription to an online channel or feed

• Finnish: subi

subscriber to an online channel or feed

• Finnish: tilaaja (fi), subi (colloquial)

informal: subsistence money

• Finnish: kotti (fi)

Verb

sub (third-person singular simple present subs, present participle subbing, simple past and past participle subbed)

1. (US, informal) To substitute for.
2. (US, informal) To work as a substitute teacher, especially in primary and secondary education.
3. (British, informal, soccer) To replace (a player) with a substitute.

   He never really made a contribution to the match, so it was no surprise when he was subbed at half time.

4. (British, informal, soccer, less common, often as "sub on") To bring on (a player) as a substitute.

   He was subbed on half way through the second half, and scored within minutes.

5. (British) To perform the work of a subeditor or copy editor; to subedit.
6. (slang, Internet, transitive) To subtitle (usually a film or television program).
7. (UK, slang, transitive) To lend (a person) money.
   • 2011, Rowland Rivron, What the F*** Did I Do Last Night?:

     I kept up the pleasantries as we were drying our hands and, realizing I didn't have any change for the lodger, I asked him, one drummer to another like, if he could sub me a quid for the dish.

8. (slang, intransitive) To subscribe.
9. (BDSM) To take a submissive role.
   • 2012, Alicia White, Jessica's Breakdown, page 53:

     You've never subbed before. Jessica will be expecting a man on stage that follows orders and enjoys what she's going to be doing. Do you want to be spanked? Possibly whipped?

   • 2012, Tiffany Reisz, Little Red Riding Crop:

     Wasn't like she'd never subbed before. She'd been a sub longer than she'd been a Dominatrix–ten years she'd spent in a collar.

Derived terms

• fansub

See also

• switch (one who is willing to take either a sadistic or a masochistic role)

Etymology 2

From Latin sub.

Preposition

sub

1. Under.

Verb

sub (third-person singular simple present subs, present participle subbing, simple past and past participle subbed)

1. To coat with a layer of adhering material; to planarize by means of such a coating.
2. (microscopy) To prepare (a slide) with a layer of transparent substance to support and/or fix the sample.
   • 1997, Marina A. Lynch, S. M. O'Mara (editors), Ali D. Hames, D. Rickwood (series editors), Neuroscience Labfax, page 166,

     Ensure that gloves are worn when handling subbed slides. Although the following protocol describes subbing with gelatin, slides may also be coated with either 3-(triethoxysilyl-)propylamine (TESPA) or poly-L-lysine for in situ hybridization.

Related terms

• blood sub
• D-sub
• dye-sub
• Italian sub
• Italian sub sandwich
• pizza sub
• pizza sub sandwich
• pub-sub
• semper ubi sub ubi
• soft-sub
• soft sub
• stone sub
• sub atomic
• sub bench
• sub clover
• sub fusc
• sub in
• sub judice
• sub modo
• sub nom.
• sub out
• sub sandwich
• sub silencio
• sub specie aeterni
• sub tender
• sub voce

 

Anagrams

• Bus., SBU, UBS, USB, bus, bus.

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from English sub.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

sub c (plural subs)

1. submarine, sub

Esperanto

Etymology

From Latin sub.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

• IPA^(key): [sub]
• Hyphenation: sub

Preposition

sub

1. under, below

Antonyms

• super

Ido

Preposition

sub

1. under, below

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsub/
• Rhymes: -ub
• Hyphenation: sùb

Etymology 1

Clipping of subacqueo.

Noun

sub m or f by sense (invariable)

1. skin-diver, scuba diver

   Synonym: subacqueo

Etymology 2

Clipping of English submissive.

Noun

sub m or f by sense (invariable)

1. bottom, submissive (BDSM partner)

See also

• dom

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *supo, from Proto-Indo-European *upó. Compare Ancient Greek ὑπό (hupó). The usage with the accusative is from the pre-PIE directional, while with the ablative it is from both the locative, “under”, and the ablative, “from underneath”.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /sub/, [s̠ʊb]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /sub/, [sub]

Preposition

sub (+ accusative, ablative)

1. (with ablative)
   1. under, beneath
   2. behind
   3. at the feet of
   4. within, during
   5. about, around (time); just before, just after, shortly before, shortly after
2. (with accusative)
   1. under, up to, up under, close to (of a motion)
   2. until, before, up to, about

Derived terms

• sub rosā
• subter
• subtus
• supīnus

Descendants

• Old Galician-Portuguese: sob
  • Galician: so
  • Portuguese: sob
• Old Spanish: so
  • Spanish: so (in certain fossilized expressions)
• → English: sub

References

• “sub”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “sub”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• sub in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• sub in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • at the foot of the mountain: sub radicibus montis, in infimo monte, sub monte
    
  • in the open air: sub divo
    
  • to come within the sphere of the senses: sub sensum or sub oculos, sub aspectum cadere
    
  • to come within the sphere of the senses: sensibus or sub sensus subiectum esse
    
  • to have to submit to the uncertainties of fortune; to be subject to Fortune's caprice: sub varios incertosque casus subiectum esse
    
  • to be comprised under the term 'fear.: sub metum subiectum esse
    
  • to represent a thing vividly: oculis or sub oculos, sub aspectum subicere aliquid
    
  • graphic depiction: rerum sub aspectum paene subiectio (De Or. 3. 53. 202)
    
  • to give a general idea of a thing: sub unum aspectum subicere aliquid
    
  • to sell a prisoner of war as a slave: aliquem sub corona vendere (B. G. 3. 16)
    
  • the case is still undecided: adhuc sub iudice lis est (Hor. A. P. 77)
    
  • to occupy the foot of a hill: considere sub monte (sub montis radicibus)
    
  • the free men are sold as slaves: libera corpora sub corona (hasta) veneunt (B. G. 3. 16. 4)
    
  • to be subject to some one, under some one's dominion: sub imperio et dicione alicuius esse
    

Old Tupi

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *t͡suβ, from Proto-Tupian *t͡sup.

Verb

sub (first-person singular active indicative aîosub, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîosubi, gerund supa, noun suba) (transitive)

1. to visit (to go and meet someone)

   Synonym: posub

2. to examine (to observe or inspect carefully)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of sub (transitive, monosyllabic, S-starting, B-ending) (See Appendix:Old Tupi verbs)

Note: not all forms are attested, most of the table is reconstructed based on known patterns.

Causative	subukar
Causative-comitative	erosub
Reflexive	îesub
Deverbals
-ba'e	oîosuba'e
emi-	eminduba／minduba
-pyr(a)	i xubypyra
-sab(a)	supaba
-sar(a)	supara
	Singular		Singular & Plural	Plural
	1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person exclusive	1st person inclusive	2nd person
Verbal forms
Active
Indicative	aîosub	ereîosub	oîosub	oroîosub	îaîosub	peîosub
Permissive	t'aîosub	t'ereîosub	t'oîosub	t'oroîosub	t'îaîosub	ta peîosub
Imperative		eîosub				peîosub
Negative indicative	n'aîosubi	n'ereîosubi	n'oîosubi	n'oroîosubi	n'îaîosubi	na peîosubi
Negative permissive	t'aîosub umẽ	t'ereîosub umẽ	t'oîosub umẽ	t'oroîosub umẽ	t'îaîosub umẽ	ta peîosub umẽ
Negative imperative		eîosub umẽ				peîosub umẽ
Nominal forms
Infinitive
Affirmative	suba
Negative	sube'yma
Gerund
Affirmative	xe supa	nde supa	i supa	oré supa	îandé supa	pe supa
Negative	xe sube'yma	nde sube'yma	i sube'yma	oré sube'yma	îandé sube'yma	pe sube'yma
Circumstantial
Affirmative	xe subi		i subi	oré subi	îandé subi
Negative	xe sube'ymi		i sube'ymi	oré sube'ymi	îandé sube'ymi

References

• Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “sub”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 446, columns 1–2

Portuguese

Etymology

Clipping of subcelebridade.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈsu.bi/

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈsu.bi/
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈsu.be/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈsu.bɨ/ [ˈsu.βɨ]

• Homophones: sub-, sube

Noun

sub f (plural subs)

1. (slang) Alternative form of subcelebridade
   • 2018 December 26, Letícia (@leticiaramosccp), Twitter‎^[3]:

     a miley casou em casa e as subs fazendo aquele auê todo p revelação de sexo de bebê kkkkkkkkkkk aiai

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 2018 December 28, daniella (@dnifurtado), Twitter‎^[4]:

     As subs que eu sigo no Instagram não estão me dando stories o suficiente

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Romanian

Alternative forms

• subt, supt — popular

Etymology

Inherited from Latin subtus, from sub. Compare Aromanian sum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sub/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ub

Preposition

sub (+accusative)

1. under, below, beneath, underneath

Derived terms

• dedesubt

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsub/ [ˈsuβ̞]
• Rhymes: -ub
• Syllabification: sub

Preposition

sub

1. under

Swedish

Etymology

Contraction of subwoofer.

Noun

sub c

1. (slang) a subwoofer, a bass loudspeaker

Declension

Declension of sub

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	sub	subs
	definite	subben	subbens
plural	indefinite	subbar	subbars
	definite	subbarna	subbarnas

See also

• subba
• subbe

Anagrams

• bus