leyfa
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See also: leifa
Icelandic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Norse leyfa, from Proto-Germanic *(uz)laubijaną.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]leyfa (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative leyfði, supine leyft)
- (transitive, governs the accusative) to allow something, to permit something, to give permission for something
- (ditransitive, governs the accusative and dative) to allow somebody something, to permit somebody something, to give somebody permission for something
- Timothy 2:11-12 (English, Icelandic)
- Konan á að læra í kyrrþey, í allri undirgefni. Ekki leyfi ég konu að kenna eða taka sér vald yfir manninum, heldur á hún að vera kyrrlát.
- A woman should learn in quietness and full submission. I do not permit a woman to teach or to have authority over a man; she must be silent.
- Konan á að læra í kyrrþey, í allri undirgefni. Ekki leyfi ég konu að kenna eða taka sér vald yfir manninum, heldur á hún að vera kyrrlát.
- Ég leyfði honum að leika sér með boltann.
- I gave him permission to play with his ball.
- Timothy 2:11-12 (English, Icelandic)
Conjugation
[edit]leyfa — active voice (germynd)
infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að leyfa | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
leyft | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
leyfandi | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég leyfi | við leyfum | present (nútíð) |
ég leyfi | við leyfum |
þú leyfir | þið leyfið | þú leyfir | þið leyfið | ||
hann, hún, það leyfir | þeir, þær, þau leyfa | hann, hún, það leyfi | þeir, þær, þau leyfi | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég leyfði | við leyfðum | past (þátíð) |
ég leyfði | við leyfðum |
þú leyfðir | þið leyfðuð | þú leyfðir | þið leyfðuð | ||
hann, hún, það leyfði | þeir, þær, þau leyfðu | hann, hún, það leyfði | þeir, þær, þau leyfðu | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
leyf (þú) | leyfið (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
leyfðu | leyfiði * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að leyfast | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
leyfst | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
leyfandist ** ** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég leyfist | við leyfumst | present (nútíð) |
ég leyfist | við leyfumst |
þú leyfist | þið leyfist | þú leyfist | þið leyfist | ||
hann, hún, það leyfist | þeir, þær, þau leyfast | hann, hún, það leyfist | þeir, þær, þau leyfist | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég leyfðist | við leyfðumst | past (þátíð) |
ég leyfðist | við leyfðumst |
þú leyfðist | þið leyfðust | þú leyfðist | þið leyfðust | ||
hann, hún, það leyfðist | þeir, þær, þau leyfðust | hann, hún, það leyfðist | þeir, þær, þau leyfðust | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
leyfst (þú) | leyfist (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
leyfstu | leyfisti * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
leyfður — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
strong declension (sterk beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
leyfður | leyfð | leyft | leyfðir | leyfðar | leyfð | |
accusative (þolfall) |
leyfðan | leyfða | leyft | leyfða | leyfðar | leyfð | |
dative (þágufall) |
leyfðum | leyfðri | leyfðu | leyfðum | leyfðum | leyfðum | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
leyfðs | leyfðrar | leyfðs | leyfðra | leyfðra | leyfðra | |
weak declension (veik beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
leyfði | leyfða | leyfða | leyfðu | leyfðu | leyfðu | |
accusative (þolfall) |
leyfða | leyfðu | leyfða | leyfðu | leyfðu | leyfðu | |
dative (þágufall) |
leyfða | leyfðu | leyfða | leyfðu | leyfðu | leyfðu | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
leyfða | leyfðu | leyfða | leyfðu | leyfðu | leyfðu |
Related terms
[edit]Old Norse
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Germanic *laubijaną, whence also Old English līfan, lēfan, lȳfan, Old High German gilouben (“believe”) and irlouben (“allow”) (German glauben, erlauben), Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽 (uslaubjan, “allow”). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *lewbʰ- (“to hold dear; love”).
Verb
[edit]leyfa
- to allow, permit
- to praise
- c. 825, Bragi “the Old” Boddason, Ragnarsdrápa, stanza 1:
- Vilið, Hrafnketill, heyra,
hvé hreingróit steini
Þrúðar skalk ok þengil
þjófs ilja blað leyfa?- Do you wish, Hrafnketill, to hear how I shall praise the leaf of the footsoles of the thief of Þrúðr <goddess> [= Hrungnir > SHIELD], bright-planted with colour, and the prince?
- c. 850, anonymous author, Hávamǫ́l:
- At kveldi skal dag leyfa · konu er brennd er
mę́ki er reyndr er, · mey er gefin er,
ís er yfir kømr, · ǫl er drukkit er.- At evening shall one praise day, a woman when she is burned, a sword when it is tested, a maiden when she is married off, ice when one comes over, ale when it is drunk.
- c. 825, Bragi “the Old” Boddason, Ragnarsdrápa, stanza 1:
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of leyfa — active (weak class 1)
infinitive | leyfa | |
---|---|---|
present participle | leyfandi | |
past participle | leyfðr | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | leyfi | leyfða |
2nd-person singular | leyfir | leyfðir |
3rd-person singular | leyfir | leyfði |
1st-person plural | leyfum | leyfðum |
2nd-person plural | leyfið | leyfðuð |
3rd-person plural | leyfa | leyfðu |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | leyfa | leyfða |
2nd-person singular | leyfir | leyfðir |
3rd-person singular | leyfi | leyfði |
1st-person plural | leyfim | leyfðim |
2nd-person plural | leyfið | leyfðið |
3rd-person plural | leyfi | leyfði |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | leyf, leyfi | |
1st-person plural | leyfum | |
2nd-person plural | leyfið |
Conjugation of leyfa — mediopassive (weak class 1)
infinitive | leyfask | |
---|---|---|
present participle | leyfandisk | |
past participle | leyfzk | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | leyfumk | leyfðumk |
2nd-person singular | leyfisk | leyfðisk |
3rd-person singular | leyfisk | leyfðisk |
1st-person plural | leyfumsk | leyfðumsk |
2nd-person plural | leyfizk | leyfðuzk |
3rd-person plural | leyfask | leyfðusk |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | leyfumk | leyfðumk |
2nd-person singular | leyfisk | leyfðisk |
3rd-person singular | leyfisk | leyfðisk |
1st-person plural | leyfimsk | leyfðimsk |
2nd-person plural | leyfizk | leyfðizk |
3rd-person plural | leyfisk | leyfðisk |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | leyfsk, leyfisk | |
1st-person plural | leyfumsk | |
2nd-person plural | leyfizk |
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- “leyfa”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Etymology 2
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun
[edit]leyfa
Categories:
- Icelandic terms inherited from Old Norse
- Icelandic terms derived from Old Norse
- Icelandic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Icelandic terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Icelandic 2-syllable words
- Icelandic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Icelandic/eiːva
- Rhymes:Icelandic/eiːva/2 syllables
- Icelandic terms with homophones
- Icelandic lemmas
- Icelandic verbs
- Icelandic weak verbs
- Icelandic transitive verbs
- Icelandic ditransitive verbs
- Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Norse terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *lewbʰ- (love)
- Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Norse lemmas
- Old Norse verbs
- Old Norse terms with quotations
- Old Norse class 1 weak long-stem verbs
- Old Norse non-lemma forms
- Old Norse noun forms