ik
Translingual
[edit]Symbol
[edit]ik
English
[edit]Phrase
[edit]ik
- (Internet slang, text messaging) Alternative letter-case form of IK.
Anagrams
[edit]Afrikaans
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]ik
- (Cape Afrikaans or archaic) Alternative form of ek
Albanian
[edit]Verb
[edit]ik
Angguruk Yali
[edit]Noun
[edit]ik
References
[edit]- Christiaan Fahner, The morphology of Yali and Dani (1979), page 157
Bergish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- ek (Barmen (Wuppertal))
Pronoun
[edit]ik
Further reading
[edit]- H. K. vam Hingberg (that's H. Kühne), Ut auler un neier Tied. Erzählungen in niederdeutscher Mundart [From old and new times (in Low Franconian, more specifically Mölmsch). Stories in Low German dialect (in Standard High German)], 1872 (vol. I)
Danish
[edit]Adverb
[edit]ik
- Alternative form of ik'
Dutch
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Dutch ic, from Old Dutch ik, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂. Compare Low German ik, West Frisian ik, German ich, English I, Danish jeg. See I (English, etymology 3).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]ik
- I (first-person singular personal pronoun)
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Friedrich Kluge (1989) “ik”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN
German Low German
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- ick
- (as alternative form of ick, enclitic) 'ck
- (as alternative form of ick, when strongly emphasised, rare) icke
Etymology
[edit]From Middle Low German ik, from Old Saxon ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]ik
- (most northern and western dialects) I (first person singular pronoun)
- Ik kem, ik sach, ik wünd.
- I came, I saw, I conquered. (Veni, vidi, vici. Attributed to Julius Caesar.)
Declension
[edit]In Störmede:[1]
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | ||||
Singular | Nominative | ik | diu | hoi | soi | iät |
(Genitive) | (van meune) | (van deune) | (van seune) | (van iähre) | (van seune) | |
Dative | meu | deu | iähne | iähr | iähne | |
Accusative | soi | iät | ||||
Plural | Nominative | weu | jeu | soi | ||
(Genitive) | (van use) | (van jiue) | (van iähre) | |||
Dative | us | jiu | iähnen | |||
Accusative | soi |
Related terms
[edit]- mien (“my, mine”, possessive); mi (“me”, dative (also generally used in place of the accusative)); mik; wi pl (“we”)
- Sauerländisch: mey, mik
- Paderbornisch: mey/my, mik; plural: wey/wy
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Franz Kemper: Stürmeder Platt: Wi et lutt düt un dat. 1998, p. 18
Gothic
[edit]Romanization
[edit]ik
- Romanization of 𐌹𐌺
Kaqchikel
[edit]Noun
[edit]ik
Latvian
[edit]Adverb
[edit]ik
Marshallese
[edit]Noun
[edit]ik
- Alternative spelling of ek
Middle English
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old English ic, perhaps with influence from Old Norse ek; both from Proto-Germanic *ik, *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂ (“I”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]ik
- (chiefly Northern dialectal) Alternative form of I
- circa 1300, Homilies:
- Forthi wil I of my pouert, Schau sum thing that ik haf in hert, [...]
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- circa 1300, Cursor Mundi:
- Her ik haf a litil spend, In word eftir þat ik entend, [...]
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- circa 1390, Chaucer:
- But ik am oold me list not pleye for age.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- circa 1300, Homilies:
Descendants
[edit]- Scots: ik
Middle Low German
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]ik
- I (first person singular nominative)
Declension
[edit]nominative | accusative | dative | genitive | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person singular | ik (ek) | mî (mê, mik, mek) | mîn (mîner) | ||
2nd person singular | dû | dî (dê, dik, dek) | dîn (dîner) | ||
3rd person singular | |||||
m | hê (hî, hie) | ēne, en (ȫne, ȫn) | ēme, em (ȫme, en) | sîn (sîner) | |
n | it (et) | ||||
f | sê (sî, sie, sü̂) | ēre, ēr (ērer, ȫrer) | |||
1st person plural | wî (wê, wie) | uns (ûs, ös, ü̂sik) | unser (ûser) | ||
2nd person plural | gî (jê, î) | jû (jûwe, û, jük, gik) | jûwer (ûwer) | ||
3rd person plural | sê (sî, sie) | em, öm, jüm (en, ēnen, ȫnen) | ēre, ēr (ērer, ȫrer) | ||
For an explanation of the forms in brackets see here. |
Descendants
[edit]Mokilese
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]ik
Inflection
[edit]singular possessor | first person | ikihoa | |
---|---|---|---|
second person | ikimwen | ||
third person | ikin | ||
dual possessors | first person inclusive | ikisa | |
first person exclusive | ikima | ||
second person | ikimwa | ||
third person | ikira | ||
plural possessors | first person inclusive | ikisai | |
first person exclusive | ikimai | ||
second person | ikimwai | ||
third person | ikirai | ||
remote plural possessors | first person inclusive | ikihs | |
first person exclusive | ikimi | ||
second person | ikimwi | ||
third person | ikihr | ||
construct form | ikin |
North Frisian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Frisian ik, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, *ik, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.
Compare Dutch ik, German Low German ik, German ich, English I, Danish jeg.
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]ik
See also
[edit]subject case | object case | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
full | reduced | full | reduced | |||
singular | 1st | ik | 'k | mi | ||
2nd | dü | – | di | |||
3rd m. | hi | 'r | ham | 'n | ||
3rd f./n. | hat | at, 't | at, 't | |||
plural | 1st | wi | 'f | üs | ||
2nd | jam | 'm | jam | |||
3rd | jo | 's | jo | 's | ||
The reduced forms with an apostrophe are enclitic. They immediately follow verbs or conjunctions. Dü is deleted altogether in such contexts. At is not enclitic; it can stand in any position so long as it is unstressed. It mostly refers to things. Dual forms wat/onk, jat/jonk are obsolete, as is feminine jü/hör. |
Old Dutch
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-West Germanic *ik.
Pronoun
[edit]ik
Declension
[edit]1st person | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | ik, ic, ih | wī, wīr |
Accusative | mī, mik, *mic | uns, unsig |
Genitive | mīn | unsa, *unser |
Dative | mī | uns, unsig |
2nd person | Singular | Plural |
Nominative | thu, tu | gī, ir |
Accusative | thī, thik, *thic | iu, |
Genitive | thīn | iuwa, *iuwer |
Dative | thī | iu |
3rd person | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | hē, hie | sia | it |
Accusative | imo | sia | it |
Genitive | sīn, is | iro | is |
Dative | imo | iro | imo |
Plural | |||
Nominative | sia, sie (masc. plur.) | ||
Accusative | sia, sie (masc. plur.) | ||
Genitive | iro | ||
Dative | im |
Descendants
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “ik”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012
Old Frisian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, *ik, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.
Compare Old Saxon ik, Old English iċ, Old Dutch ik, Old High German ih, Old Norse ek, Gothic 𐌹𐌺 (ik).
Pronoun
[edit]ik
Inflection
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Old Saxon
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.
Compare Old Frisian ik, Old English iċ, Old Dutch ik, Old High German ih, Old Norse ek, Gothic 𐌹𐌺 (ik).
Pronoun
[edit]ik
Declension
[edit]Personal pronouns | |||||
Singular | 1. | 2. | 3. m | 3. f | 3. n |
Nominative | ik | thū | hē | siu | it |
Accusative | mī, me, mik | thī, thik | ina | sia | |
Dative | mī | thī | imu | iru | it |
Genitive | mīn | thīn | is | ira | is |
Dual | 1. | 2. | - | - | - |
Nominative | wit | git | - | - | - |
Accusative | unk | ink | - | - | - |
Dative | |||||
Genitive | unkero, unka | - | - | - | |
Plural | 1. | 2. | 3. m | 3. f | 3. n |
Nominative | wī, we | gī, ge | sia | sia | siu |
Accusative | ūs, unsik | eu, iu, iuu | |||
Dative | ūs | im | |||
Genitive | ūser | euwar, iuwer, iuwar, iuwero, iuwera | iro |
Descendants
[edit]Pass Valley Yali
[edit]Noun
[edit]ik
References
[edit]- Christiaan Fahner, The morphology of Yali and Dani (1979), page 157
Pwaamèi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Oceanic *kutu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kutu, from Proto-Austronesian *kuCu.
Noun
[edit]ik
References
[edit]- Jim Hollyman, K. J. Hollyman, Études sur les langues du Nord de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (1999), page 52
Salar
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Turkic *īk. Cognate with Azerbaijani iy, Turkish iğ, Turkmen īk.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]ik
References
[edit]- Potanin, G.N. (1893) “их”, in Тангутско-Тибетская окраина Китая и Центральная Монголия (in Russian), page 427
Tobian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Austronesian *Sikan.
Noun
[edit]ik
- Fish
Alternative forms
[edit]Vandalic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Germanic *ek
Pronoun
[edit]ik
References
[edit]Wastek
[edit]Noun
[edit]ik
References
[edit]West Frisian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Frisian ik, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, *ik, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]ik
- I (first person singular nominative pronoun)
Inflection
[edit]Number | Person | Nominative | Objective | Possessive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Normal | Reflexive | Determiner | Pronoun | ||||
Singular | First | ik | my | mysels | myn | mines | |
Second | Informal | do/dû1 | dy | dysels | dyn | dines | |
Formal | jo | jo | josels | jo | jowes | ||
Third | Masculine | hy | him | himsels | syn | sines | |
Feminine | sy/hja1 | har | harsels | har | harres | ||
Neuter | it | it | himsels | syn | sines | ||
Plural | First | wy | ús | ússels | ús | uzes | |
Second | jim(me) | jim(me) | jimsels/jinsels | jim(me) | jimmes | ||
Third | sy/hja1 | har(ren) | harsels | har(ren) | harres | ||
1. Now mostly archaic and unused |
Further reading
[edit]- “ik (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
Zealandic
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]ik
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- ISO 639-1
- English lemmas
- English phrases
- English internet slang
- English text messaging slang
- Afrikaans terms with IPA pronunciation
- Afrikaans lemmas
- Afrikaans pronouns
- Cape Afrikaans
- Afrikaans terms with archaic senses
- Albanian non-lemma forms
- Albanian verb forms
- Angguruk Yali lemmas
- Angguruk Yali nouns
- Bergish lemmas
- Bergish pronouns
- Mölmsch Bergish
- Danish lemmas
- Danish adverbs
- Danish eye dialect
- Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɪk
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɪk/1 syllable
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch pronouns
- Dutch personal pronouns
- German Low German terms inherited from Middle Low German
- German Low German terms derived from Middle Low German
- German Low German terms inherited from Old Saxon
- German Low German terms derived from Old Saxon
- German Low German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- German Low German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- German Low German terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- German Low German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- German Low German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German Low German lemmas
- German Low German pronouns
- German Low German terms with usage examples
- Gothic non-lemma forms
- Gothic romanizations
- Kaqchikel lemmas
- Kaqchikel nouns
- Latvian lemmas
- Latvian adverbs
- Marshallese lemmas
- Marshallese nouns
- Middle English terms inherited from Old English
- Middle English terms derived from Old English
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English pronouns
- Middle English terms with quotations
- Northern Middle English
- Middle Low German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle Low German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle Low German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Low German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Low German terms inherited from Old Saxon
- Middle Low German terms derived from Old Saxon
- Middle Low German terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle Low German lemmas
- Middle Low German pronouns
- Middle Low German personal pronouns
- Mokilese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Mokilese lemmas
- Mokilese nouns
- mkj:Body parts
- North Frisian terms inherited from Old Frisian
- North Frisian terms derived from Old Frisian
- North Frisian terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- North Frisian terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- North Frisian terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- North Frisian terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- North Frisian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- North Frisian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- North Frisian terms with IPA pronunciation
- North Frisian lemmas
- North Frisian pronouns
- Old Dutch terms derived from Frankish
- Old Dutch terms inherited from Frankish
- Old Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Old Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Old Dutch lemmas
- Old Dutch pronouns
- Old Frisian terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Old Frisian terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Old Frisian terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Frisian terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Frisian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Frisian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Frisian lemmas
- Old Frisian pronouns
- Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Saxon lemmas
- Old Saxon pronouns
- Pass Valley Yali lemmas
- Pass Valley Yali nouns
- Pwaamèi terms inherited from Proto-Oceanic
- Pwaamèi terms derived from Proto-Oceanic
- Pwaamèi terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Pwaamèi terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Pwaamèi terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Pwaamèi terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Pwaamèi lemmas
- Pwaamèi nouns
- Salar terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Salar terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Salar terms with IPA pronunciation
- Salar lemmas
- Salar nouns
- Tobian terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Tobian terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Tobian lemmas
- Tobian nouns
- Vandalic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Vandalic terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Vandalic lemmas
- Vandalic pronouns
- Wastek lemmas
- Wastek nouns
- West Frisian terms inherited from Old Frisian
- West Frisian terms derived from Old Frisian
- West Frisian terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- West Frisian terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- West Frisian terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- West Frisian terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- West Frisian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- West Frisian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- West Frisian terms with IPA pronunciation
- West Frisian lemmas
- West Frisian pronouns
- West Frisian personal pronouns
- Zealandic lemmas
- Zealandic pronouns