im-

See also: Appendix:Variations of "im"

English

Etymology 1

From Latin im-, assimilated form of in- used before b-/p-/m-.

Prefix

im-

1. Expressing negation; not.

Usage notes

Widely used in borrowings (from French and Latin). Somewhat productive (appended as prefix to existing English words).

Synonyms

• (not): a-, an-, dys-, i-/il-/in-/ir-, mal-, non-, un-

Derived terms

English terms prefixed with im-

Etymology 2

From em-, from Old French em-. Also from later Middle French im-, partly by confusion with im- of Latin origin (on which see above).

Prefix

im-

1. Alternative form of the prefix em-, itself variant of en-.

Usage notes

Both used in borrowings (from French and Latin), and productive (appended as prefix to existing English words), as in imbed, imbitter, imbody, imbosom, imbower, imbrown; and similarly impark.

Derived terms

English terms prefixed with im-

Anagrams

• MI, mi, mi.

Catalan

Prefix

im-

1. Form used before a root beginning with the letter b, m, or p of in-

   ‎im- + ‎perdible → ‎imperdible

Choctaw

Prefix

im- (before consonants i̱-, class III third-person)

1. the indirect object of an active transitive verb

   to him, her, it or them; for him, her, it or them

2. the subject of an intransitive affective verb

   he, she, it or they

3. the direct object of a small set of transitive verbs mostly dealing with affect, communication and intimacy

   him, her, it or them

4. indicates possession of a noun

   his, her, its or their

   hattak imofi

   the man's dog

Inflection

Choctaw Person Markers

			class I			class II		class III		class N		imperative
			+s	+C	+V	+C/i	+a/o	+C	+V	+C	+V	+C	+V
first-person	singular	initial	-li			sa-	si-	a̱-	am-	ak-		n/a
		medial						-sa-	-sam-
	paucal		ī-		il-	pi-		pi̱-	pim-	kī-	kil-
	plural					hapi-		hapi̱-	hapim-
second-person	singular		is-	ish-		chi-		chi̱-	chim-	chik-		∅
	plural		has-	hash-		hachi-		hachi̱-	hachim-	hachik-		ho-	oh-
third-person			∅			∅		i̱-	im-	ik-

East Central German

Etymology

Compare German -um, English um-, Dutch om-, Swedish om-, Icelandic um-.

Prefix

im-

1. (Erzgebirgisch) round, round about
2. (Erzgebirgisch) repeatedly, over again, re-
3. (Erzgebirgisch) in another way
4. (Erzgebirgisch) to the ground, down, over

Derived terms

• Imbau
• imbaue
• imblohsn
• imbrenge
• imdrehe
• imfahrn
• imflieng
• Imgaabing
• imgaam
• imgebardlt
• imgenitt
• imgiehe
• imgromme
• imguckn
• imhaae
• imhern
• imhilln
• imkehrn
• imknickn
• imkomme
• imkrampln
• imleeng
• imlodn
• imme
• immedimm
• immenim
• immering
• immering kumme
• immerink
• immesisst
• immr
• imreime
• imrenne
• immriehrn
• imschietn
• imschreim
• imse
• imwannln
• imzeine
• imziehe

Further reading

• 2020 June 11, Hendrik Heidler, Hendrik Heidler's 400 Seiten: Echtes Erzgebirgisch: Wuu de Hasen Hoosn haaßn un de Hosen Huusn do sei mir drhamm: Das Original Wörterbuch: Ratgeber und Fundgrube der erzgebirgischen Mund- und Lebensart: Erzgebirgisch – Deutsch / Deutsch – Erzgebirgisch‎^[1], 3. geänderte Auflage edition, Norderstedt: BoD – Books on Demand, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 46:

French

Etymology

From Latin in (“without”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛ̃/ (always before a b or p, sometimes before a mm)
• IPA^(key): /im/ (sometimes before a m)

• Audio:

  (file)

Prefix

im-

1. a form of the prefix in-, used before b, m and p

Derived terms

French terms prefixed with im-

Further reading

• “im-”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Anagrams

• mi-

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish imm-, from Proto-Celtic *ambi-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂m̥bʰi.

Prefix

im- (lenites except with m; becomes iom- before broad m)

1. about, around, peri-

Prefix

im- (intensive particle; lenites except with m; becomes iom- before broad consonant or vowel)

1. great, very

Derived terms

Irish terms prefixed with im-

References

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “im-”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Italian

Etymology

Assimilated form of in-, before b-/p-/m-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /im/
• Hyphenation: im-

Prefix

im-

1. Alternative form of in-

Anagrams

• -mi, MI, mi

Latin

Etymology

Assimilated form of in-, before b-/p-/m-.

Prefix

im-

1. Alternative form of in-

Northern Ndebele

Prefix

im-

1. Class 9 noun prefix; form of in- used before stems beginning with a labial consonant.

Northern Ohlone

Alternative forms

• em- (before syllables with open vowels)

Etymology

Compare Southern Ohlone men-.

Pronoun

im-

1. you, thou (second-person, singular, subject proclitic pronoun)

Pronoun

im-

1. your, thy (second-person, singular, possessive pronoun)

See also

Northern Ohlone personal pronouns

Number	Person	Subject			Object			Possesive
		Disjunctive1	Proclitic	Enclitic	Disjunctive1	Proclitic	Enclitic
Singular	First	kaana	ek-	-ek, -k	kiš, kaaniš	kiš-	-kiš	ek-, kaanak
	Second	meene	em-, im-	-em, -im, -m	miš	emiš-, imiš-, miš-	-miš	em-, meenem
	Third	waaka	Ø-2	-Ø2	wiš	Ø-2, eš-	-Ø2, -eš	i-, waakai-
Plural	First	makkin	mak-	-mak	makkiš, makkinše	—	—	mak-, makkinmak
	Second	makkam	kam-	-kam	makkamše	—	—	kam-, makkam
	Third	waakamak	ya-	-ya	yaṭiš	—	—	ya-, waakamak
1Disjunctive is mostly used in copular sentences or for emphasis, either alone (eg. kaana) or with a clitic (eg. kaana-k ...-ek). 2Null morpheme. An unmarked verb implies a third person singular pronoun. The disjunctives waaka and wiš may also be used. Note: Proclitic and enclitic forms can combine an undergo syncope, eg. ellešk (“let me do to him/her/it”) = elle +‎ -eš +‎ -ek

References

• María de los Angeles Colós, José Guzman, and John Peabody Harrington (1930s) Chochenyo Field Notes (Survey of California and Other Indian Langauges)‎^[2], Unpublished

Ojibwe

Prefix

im-

1. Alternative form of nim-

See also

Ojibwe personal prefixes

		stem begins with...	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Consonants		p t k h ch m n s sh w y	ni-	gi-	o-
		d g ' j z zh	nin-
		b	nim-
Vowels		o	nindo-	gido-	odo-
		a aa e i	nind-	gid-	od-
		oo	n-	g-
		ii			w-

Polish

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin im-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /im/
• Rhymes: -im
• Syllabification: [please specify syllabification manually]
• Homophone: im

Prefix

im-

1. im-, en-

   ‎im- + ‎moralizm → ‎immoralizm

Derived terms

Polish terms prefixed with im-

Further reading

• im- in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Prefix

im-

1. a form of the prefix in-, used before b and p

Spanish

Prefix

im-

1. a form of the prefix in-, used before b and p

Further reading

• “im-”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28

Swazi

Prefix

im-

1. Class 9 noun prefix; form of in- used before stems beginning with a labial consonant.

Xhosa

Prefix

im-

1. Class 9 noun prefix; form of in- used before stems beginning with a labial consonant.

Zulu

Prefix

ím-

1. Class 9 noun prefix; form of in- used before stems beginning with a labial consonant.

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “im-, in-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “im-, in-”