herra

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See also: Herra, herrá, and herrå

Basque

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Pronunciation

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  • Audio:(file)

Noun

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herra

  1. hatred

Finnish

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Old Norse herra, from Old Saxon hērro, from Old High German hērro, the comparative form of hēr (“noble, venerable”) (German hehr), by analogy with Latin senior (“elder”). Cognates include Danish herre, Norwegian herre, Swedish herre, Icelandic herra, Dutch heer, German Herr. The Old High German word originally meant "grey, grey-haired", and descends from Proto-Germanic *hairaz (“grey”), making it cognate with Old English hār (English hoar), Old Norse hárr.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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herra

  1. Mister (polite title for an adult man)
    Herra Virtanen, voinko puhua kanssanne?
    Mister Virtanen, may I speak with you?
  2. sir (polite form of address to a man, often preceded by hyvä)
    Anteeksi, herra... ― Excuse me, Sir...
    Hyvät herrat! ― Gentlemen!
  3. gentleman (honourable or sophisticated man)
    Ovesta astui sisään kolme hienoa herraa.
    Three smart gentlemen stepped in the door.
  4. lord, master (person having authority over someone or something)
    kartanon herra ― lord of the manor
    Sormusten herra ― Lord of the Rings
    oman itsensä herra ― master of oneself
    Kärpästen herra ― Lord of the flies
  5. (informal) a member of the ruling or upper class, a person of authority; (in the plural) the ruling or upper class, the mighty, people in authority (no exact English translation, definitely not any with the same nuance)
    herrojen herkku ― delicacy (only) for the rich (because only they can afford it)
    herrojen metkuja ― antics of the ruling class
    elää herroiksi ― to live like a lord / to live like a king
  6. (religion) Alternative letter-case form of Herra (“Lord”)

Declension

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Inflection of herra (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
nominative herra herrat
genitive herran herrojen
partitive herraa herroja
illative herraan herroihin
singular plural
nominative herra herrat
accusative nom. herra herrat
gen. herran
genitive herran herrojen
herrain rare
partitive herraa herroja
inessive herrassa herroissa
elative herrasta herroista
illative herraan herroihin
adessive herralla herroilla
ablative herralta herroilta
allative herralle herroille
essive herrana herroina
translative herraksi herroiksi
abessive herratta herroitta
instructive — herroin
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of herra (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative herrani herrani
accusative nom. herrani herrani
gen. herrani
genitive herrani herrojeni
herraini rare
partitive herraani herrojani
inessive herrassani herroissani
elative herrastani herroistani
illative herraani herroihini
adessive herrallani herroillani
ablative herraltani herroiltani
allative herralleni herroilleni
essive herranani herroinani
translative herrakseni herroikseni
abessive herrattani herroittani
instructive — —
comitative — herroineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative herrasi herrasi
accusative nom. herrasi herrasi
gen. herrasi
genitive herrasi herrojesi
herraisi rare
partitive herraasi herrojasi
inessive herrassasi herroissasi
elative herrastasi herroistasi
illative herraasi herroihisi
adessive herrallasi herroillasi
ablative herraltasi herroiltasi
allative herrallesi herroillesi
essive herranasi herroinasi
translative herraksesi herroiksesi
abessive herrattasi herroittasi
instructive — —
comitative — herroinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative herramme herramme
accusative nom. herramme herramme
gen. herramme
genitive herramme herrojemme
herraimme rare
partitive herraamme herrojamme
inessive herrassamme herroissamme
elative herrastamme herroistamme
illative herraamme herroihimme
adessive herrallamme herroillamme
ablative herraltamme herroiltamme
allative herrallemme herroillemme
essive herranamme herroinamme
translative herraksemme herroiksemme
abessive herrattamme herroittamme
instructive — —
comitative — herroinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative herranne herranne
accusative nom. herranne herranne
gen. herranne
genitive herranne herrojenne
herrainne rare
partitive herraanne herrojanne
inessive herrassanne herroissanne
elative herrastanne herroistanne
illative herraanne herroihinne
adessive herrallanne herroillanne
ablative herraltanne herroiltanne
allative herrallenne herroillenne
essive herrananne herroinanne
translative herraksenne herroiksenne
abessive herrattanne herroittanne
instructive — —
comitative — herroinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative herransa herransa
accusative nom. herransa herransa
gen. herransa
genitive herransa herrojensa
herrainsa rare
partitive herraansa herrojaan
herrojansa
inessive herrassaan
herrassansa 		herroissaan
herroissansa
elative herrastaan
herrastansa 		herroistaan
herroistansa
illative herraansa herroihinsa
adessive herrallaan
herrallansa 		herroillaan
herroillansa
ablative herraltaan
herraltansa 		herroiltaan
herroiltansa
allative herralleen
herrallensa 		herroilleen
herroillensa
essive herranaan
herranansa 		herroinaan
herroinansa
translative herrakseen
herraksensa 		herroikseen
herroiksensa
abessive herrattaan
herrattansa 		herroittaan
herroittansa
instructive — —
comitative — herroineen
herroinensa

Derived terms

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compounds

Further reading

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Icelandic

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Etymology

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From Old Norse herra, from Old Saxon hērro, from Old Dutch hēriro, Old High German hērro, the comparative form of hēr (“noble, venerable”) (German hehr), by analogy with Latin senior (“elder”). Cognates include Danish, Norwegian and Swedish herre, Dutch heer, German Herr. The Old High German word originally meant “grey, grey-haired”, and descends from Proto-Germanic *hairaz (“grey”), making it cognate with Old English hār (English hoar), Old Norse hárr.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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herra m (genitive singular herra, nominative plural herrar)

  1. lord, master
  2. the Lord (God)
  3. an honorific title for a bishop; Lord
  4. an honorific title for a noble; Lord
  5. an honorific title for the highest state officials, now especially the president, but also a sýslumaður (the local official of the state in each sýsla), ambassador, etc.; Excellency
  6. mister (general honorific for a man, especially in writing; usually abbreviated: hr.)
  7. a general deferential form of address to a male; sir
  8. gentleman (general polite term for a male)
    dömur mínar og herrar
    Ladies and gentlemen.

Usage notes

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Used as an honorific title (prenominally or on its own) for bishops and for the president of Iceland (also, especially historically, for some other dignitaries). Also used as a general courtesy title for men, equivalent to English mister, but then primarily in formal written correspondence and abbreviated hr. However, when it is used as an honorific title for bishops, presidents, etc., it should never be abbreviated. The equivalent female title is frú (in both contexts).

Declension

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    Declension of herra
m-w1a singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative herra herrann herrar herrarnir
accusative herra herrann herra herrana
dative herra herranum herrum herrunum
genitive herra herrans herra herranna

Derived terms

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See also

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Verb

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herra (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative herraði, supine herrað)

  1. (transitive) to knight or bestow nobility on
  2. (transitive) to confer on someone the dignity of herra, allow someone to be called herra
  3. (transitive) to address or refer to as herra (as should be done to bishops, etc.)

Conjugation

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herra — active voice (germynd)
infinitive
(nafnháttur) 		að herra
supine
(sagnbót) 		herrað
present participle
(lýsingarháttur nútíðar) 		herrandi
indicative
(framsöguháttur) 		subjunctive
(viðtengingarháttur)
present
(nútíð) 		ég herra við herrum present
(nútíð) 		ég herri við herrum
þú herrar þið herrið þú herrir þið herrið
hann, hún, það herrar þeir, þær, þau herra hann, hún, það herri þeir, þær, þau herri
past
(þátíð) 		ég herraði við herruðum past
(þátíð) 		ég herraði við herruðum
þú herraðir þið herruðuð þú herraðir þið herruðuð
hann, hún, það herraði þeir, þær, þau herruðu hann, hún, það herraði þeir, þær, þau herruðu
imperative
(boðháttur) 		herra (þú) herrið (þið)
Forms with appended personal pronoun
herraðu herriði *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
herraður — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
strong declension
(sterk beyging) 		singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn) 		masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall) 		herraður herruð herrað herraðir herraðar herruð
accusative
(þolfall) 		herraðan herraða herrað herraða herraðar herruð
dative
(þágufall) 		herruðum herraðri herruðu herruðum herruðum herruðum
genitive
(eignarfall) 		herraðs herraðrar herraðs herraðra herraðra herraðra
weak declension
(veik beyging) 		singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn) 		masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall) 		herraði herraða herraða herruðu herruðu herruðu
accusative
(þolfall) 		herraða herruðu herraða herruðu herruðu herruðu
dative
(þágufall) 		herraða herruðu herraða herruðu herruðu herruðu
genitive
(eignarfall) 		herraða herruðu herraða herruðu herruðu herruðu

Ingrian

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Etymology

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From Old Norse herra. Related to Finnish herra and Estonian härra.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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herra

  1. mister
  2. lord, master
    • 1916, V. Alava, quoting Vögla, “1946. Soikkola, Suija. V I 1903”, in Väinö Salminen, V. Alava, editor, Suomen Kansan Vanhat Runot. Länsi-Inkerin runot‎[2], volume III2, Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, lines 1-2:
      Herra viekas venäläin // Hypitti heposiiaa.
      The cunning Russian lord // Let his horses jump.

Declension

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Declension of herra (type 3/kana, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative herra herrat
genitive herran herroin
partitive herraa herroja
illative herraa herroi
inessive herraas herrois
elative herrast herroist
allative herralle herroille
adessive herraal herroil
ablative herralt herroilt
translative herraks herroiks
essive herranna, herraan herroinna, herroin
exessive1) herrant herroint
1) obsolete
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Coordinate terms

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Derived terms

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References

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  • Fedor Tumansky (1790) “герра”, in Опытъ повѣствованїя о дѣянїях, положенїи, состоянїи и раздѣленїи Санкт-Петербургской губернїи [An experiment of an account of the acts, location, condition and division of the Saint Petersburg gubernia], Краткїй словарь ижерскаго, финскаго, эстонскаго, чюдскаго, и ямскаго нарѣчїя съ россїйскимъ переводомъ [A short dictionary of the Ingrian, Finnish, Estonian, Chud and Yamtian dialects with a Russian translation], page 689
  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 58
  • Arvo Laanest (1997) Isuri keele Hevaha murde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut, page 35

Maltese

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Root
h-r-j
1 term

Etymology 1

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From Arabic هَرَّأَ (harraʔa).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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herra (imperfect jherri, past participle mherri, verbal noun therrija)

  1. (transitive) to wear out; to cause to deteriorate gradually
  2. (transitive) to tire; to exhaust (a person)
Conjugation
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    Conjugation of herra
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
perfect m herrejt herrejt herra herrejna herrejtu herrew
f herriet
imperfect m nherri therri jherri nherru therru jherru
f therri
imperative herri herru

Etymology 2

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From (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).

Noun

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herra f

  1. rudeness, roughness
Usage notes
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Adjectival form is constructed with bil, i.e. bil-herra.

  1. Keċċini barra bil-herra. ― He kicked me out rudely.

Old Norse

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Old Saxon hērro, from Old Dutch hēriro, Old High German hērro, the comparative form of hēr (“noble, venerable”) (German hehr), by analogy with Latin senior (“elder”).[1] The Old High German word originally meant "grey, grey-haired", and descends from Proto-Germanic *hairaz (“grey”), making it cognate with Old English hār (English hoar), Old Norse hárr.

Noun

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herra m

  1. mister, gentleman
  2. sir

Descendants

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Verb

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herra

  1. (transitive) to confer with the title of "herra" upon a person

Conjugation

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Conjugation of herra — active (weak class 2)
infinitive herra
present participle herrandi
past participle herraðr
indicative present past
1st-person singular herra herraða
2nd-person singular herrar herraðir
3rd-person singular herrar herraði
1st-person plural herrum herruðum
2nd-person plural herrið herruðuð
3rd-person plural herra herruðu
subjunctive present past
1st-person singular herra herraða
2nd-person singular herrir herraðir
3rd-person singular herri herraði
1st-person plural herrim herraðim
2nd-person plural herrið herraðið
3rd-person plural herri herraði
imperative present
2nd-person singular herra
1st-person plural herrum
2nd-person plural herrið
Conjugation of herra — mediopassive (weak class 2)
infinitive herrask
present participle herrandisk
past participle herrazk
indicative present past
1st-person singular herrumk herruðumk
2nd-person singular herrask herraðisk
3rd-person singular herrask herraðisk
1st-person plural herrumsk herruðumsk
2nd-person plural herrizk herruðuzk
3rd-person plural herrask herruðusk
subjunctive present past
1st-person singular herrumk herruðumk
2nd-person singular herrisk herraðisk
3rd-person singular herrisk herraðisk
1st-person plural herrimsk herraðimsk
2nd-person plural herrizk herraðizk
3rd-person plural herrisk herraðisk
imperative present
2nd-person singular herrask
1st-person plural herrumsk
2nd-person plural herrizk

References

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  • “herra”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  1. ^ Falk, Hjalmar, Torp, Alf (1903–06) Etymologisk ordbog over det norske og det danske sprog [Etymological Dictionary of the Norwegian and Danish Languages], page 286
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