Roma

See also: Appendix:Variations of "roma"

English

A group of Roma playing musical instruments.

Etymology 1

From Romani roma, plural of rom (“man, husband, Romani man”). The latter probably comes from Sanskrit डोम्ब (ḍomba, “lower-caste person working as a wandering musician”), which may have been borrowed from a Dravidian language. Folk etymology pointed to a legend that the ethnic group were an exiled people from Imperial times.

The other major categories of words for the Roma are cognates of Gypsy (words related to Egypt) and cognates of tzigane (words derived from Greek); see those entries for more information.

Alternative forms

• Rroma

Proper noun

Roma

1. A nomadic people with origins in India, the Romani.
2. A subgroup of the Romani people found primarily in Eastern Europe.
3. A variety of the Romani language (or occasionally) the Romani macrolanguage.

Translations

• For translations which are exonyms (not cognates of the Romani term for themselves), see Gypsy.

the Romani people

• Albanian: Rom, Romët pl
• Arabic: رُومَانِيّ m (rūmāniyy)
• Basque: ijito
• Breton: romed
• Bulgarian: ром (bg) (rom)
• Catalan: romaní (ca) sg, romanís (ca) pl

  Valencian: romaní (ca) sg, romanins (ca) pl

• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 羅姆／罗姆 (Luómǔ)

• Czech: Rom (cs) m, Romové
• Danish: roma c, romani c
• Dutch: Roma (nl)
• Esperanto: Romaoj
• Estonian: Roma (et)
• Faroese: romi m
• Finnish: romanit (fi)
• French: Roma (fr), Rroms (fr)
• Georgian: ბოშა (boša)
• German: Roma (de) m pl
• Greek: Ρομ (el) (Rom), Ρομά (el) pl (Romá)
• Hungarian: romák pl
• Indonesian: Rom (id)
• Italian: Rom (it)
• Japanese: ロマ (Roma)
• Korean: 롬 (Rom)
• Macedonian: Ром m (Rom), Ромка f (Romka), Роми pl (Romi)
• Marathi: रोमा (mr) (romā), रोमानी (romānī)
• Norwegian: Romafolket, Romanifolk
• Polish: Romowie
• Portuguese: rom (pt) m pl, roma (pt) m pl
• Romani: rroma m pl
• Romanian: Rom (ro), romi m pl
• Russian: рома́ (ru) pl (romá)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: Роми

  Roman: Romi (sh)

• Slovak: Rómovia, Róm m
• Slovene: Romi
• Spanish: Romaní, Romaníes pl
• Swedish: rom (sv)
• Turkish: Romanlar
• Ukrainian: Роми (Romy)
• Yiddish: ראָמאַ (roma), ראָמאַני (romani)

the Romani macrolanguage — see Romani

Noun

Roma (plural Romas)

1. A Rom; a member of the Romani people.

Translations

member of the Romani people — see Rom

Adjective

Roma (not comparable)

1. Romani: of or pertaining to the Romani people.

Translations

Romani — see Romani

See also

• Rom
• Wikipedia article on the Roma subgroup

Etymology 2

From Latin and Italian Roma (“Rome”). Doublet of Rome.

Proper noun

Roma

1. Any of a number of places, including a city in Texas and a city in Queensland.
2. A female given name from Latin of English-speakers.
3. Alternative form of Rome
   • 1896, W[alter] D[elaplaine] Scull, “Mrs. Platt”, in The Garden of the Matchboxes and Other Stories, London: Elkin Mathews, page 94:

     But it would have been so nice to have a private income, and to be able sometimes to go to Venezia, Firenze, Roma, those places with the beautiful names.

Noun

Roma (plural Romas)

1. A variety of tomato.

Etymology 3

Compare Indonesian Bahasa Romang (“Roma language”). This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Proper noun

Roma

1. An Austronesian language of Indonesia.

Further reading

• Ethnologue entry for Roma, rmm ⁠
• Romang language on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Bahasa Romang on the Indonesian Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^id

Anagrams

• moar, roam, Maor, Mora, Oram, Omar, Amor, armo, amor, Ramo, mora, Armo

Azerbaijani

Proper noun

Roma

1. Rome (the capital city of Italy)

Catalan

Etymology

Inherited from Latin Rōma.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ˈro.mə]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ˈro.ma]

Proper noun

Roma f

1. Rome (the capital city of Italy)

Related terms

• romà
• romanç
• romànic
• romanitzar

Central Nahuatl

Proper noun

Roma

1. Rome (the capital city of Italy)

Franco-Provençal

Proper noun

Roma f

1. Rome (the capital city of Italy)

Galician

Proper noun

Roma f

1. Rome (the capital city of Italy)

Related terms

• romano

German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈroːma/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

Roma m pl

1. plural of Rom
   • 2016 April 11, Caroline Kraft, quoting Gilda-Nancy Horvat, “Beleidigt, bespuckt”, in Zeit Online‎^[1]:

     "Viele Roma positionieren sich zu Antiziganismus gar nicht, weil sie Angst haben. Sie outen sich nicht, egal, ob sie Manager, Anwälte oder Politiker sind. Der Gedanke, stolz darauf sein zu können, dass man Roma ist, erscheint immer noch absurd", meint Gilda-Nancy Horvath, selbst Romni und ORF-Journalistin.

     “Many a Rom does not take position in respect to antiziganism, by reason of fear. They don’t come out, no matter, whether they are managers, advocates or politicians. The thought of being proud about being a Rom, still appears absurd.”, opines Gilda-Nancy Horvath, herself Romni and ORF journalist.

Hawaiian

Proper noun

Roma

1. Romans (book of the Bible)

Indonesian

Etymology

From Italian Roma, from Latin Rōma.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈroma/
• Rhymes: -ma, -a
• Hyphenation: Ro‧ma

Proper noun

Roma

1. Rome:
   1. the capital city of Italy.
   2. a former province of Lazio, Italy.

Alternative forms

• Rom (Standard Malay)

Related terms

• roman
• romanis
• romanistik
• romansa
• romantik
• romantika
• romantikus
• romantis
• romantisasi
• romantisir
• romantisisme
• Romawi
• romawi
• Rumania

 

Further reading

• “Roma” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Italian

Etymology

Inherited from Latin Rōma.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈro.ma/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -oma
• Hyphenation: Ró‧ma

Proper noun

Roma f

1. Rome (the capital city of Italy)
2. Rome (a former province of Lazio, Italy)
3. the letter R in the Italian spelling alphabet

Related terms

• romanesco
• Romania
• romanismo
• romanista
• romanità
• romanizzare
• romano

Descendants

• → Burmese: ရောမ (rau:ma.)
• → Japanese: ローマ (Rōma) (perhaps via Portuguese Roma)
• → Korean: 로마 (roma)

Anagrams

• amor, armo, armò, maro, marò, mora, orma, ramo, ramò

Latin

Alternative forms

• R (numismatic abbreviation)

Etymology

Uncertain.

• Roman mythology derived the name from Rōmulus, name of the legendary founder and first king. This is almost certainly a folk etymology, and the name of the mythical figure is more likely derived from the city name.
• The word may derive from *Roumon- or *Roumen-, an archaic name for the Tiber river that would be derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *srew- (“to flow”) (for which compare Ancient Greek ῥεῦμα (rheûma, “river”) and Στρῡμών (Strūmṓn, “Strymon, Struma”), Albanian rrymë (“stream”), Proto-Slavic *strumy (“stream”), Lithuanian stràuma (“stream”), and perhaps also Latin rūmen). If so, the intermediate source may have been an Indo-European substrate.
• The word may be of Etruscan origin, as 𐌓𐌖𐌌𐌀 (ruma) was one of the Etruscan gentes, from 𐌓𐌖𐌌 (rum, “teat”). Given the lack of a secure Indo-European etymology for Rōma, this possibility is most appealing.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈroː.ma/, [ˈroːmä]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈro.ma/, [ˈrɔːmä]

Proper noun

Rōma f sg (genitive Rōmae); first declension

1. Rome (the ancient capital of the Roman Empire; capital city of modern-day Italy)

   Ut Roma iugum omnibus terris imponeret.

   That Rome might overcome all countries.

   Venit Roma.

   He came from Rome.

2. The Roman Empire per se (as a synecdoche).
3. (Late Latin) Rome and/or Constantinople (the latter as "Nova Roma").
4. (Ecclesiastical Latin, poetic) The Roman Catholic Church in general.

Declension

First-declension noun, with locative, singular only.

	singular
nominative	Rōma
genitive	Rōmae
dative	Rōmae
accusative	Rōmam
ablative	Rōmā
vocative	Rōma
locative	Rōmae

Derived terms

• rōmānicus
• rōmānus

Related terms

• Rōmilius
• Rōmulus

Descendants

• Italian: Roma
  • → Burmese: ရောမ (rau:ma.)
  • → Japanese: ローマ (Rōma) (perhaps via Portuguese Roma)
  • → Korean: 로마 (roma)
• Old French: Rome, Rume, Rumme (Anglo-Norman)
  • French: Rome
    • → Guianese Creole: Ròm
    • → Haitian Creole: Wòm
    • → Persian: رم (rom)
    • → Lao: ໂຣມ (rōm)
  • Norman: Rome
  • Picard: Rome
  • Walloon: Rome
• Old Occitan:
  • Occitan: Roma
  • Catalan: Roma
• West Iberian
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: Roma
    • Galician: Roma
    • Portuguese: Roma
  • Old Spanish: Roma
    • Spanish: Roma
• Sicilian: Ruma, Roma

Borrowings

• → Ancient Greek: Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē)
  • Greek: Ρώμη (Rómi)
  • → Arabic: رُومِية (rūmiya)
  • → Aramaic: רומא
    • Classical Syriac: ܪܘܡܐ (Rōmāʾ, Rōmēʾ)
  • → Old Armenian: Հռովմ (Hṙovm), Հռոմ (Hṙom)
    • Armenian: Հռոմ (Hṙom)
  • → Egyptian: (hrm)
  • → Parthian: (/⁠Frōm⁠/)

    Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭐𐭓𐭅𐭌 (prwm)

    Manichaean script: 𐫜𐫡𐫇𐫖 (frwm)

    • → Sogdian: ("Rome, Byzantium")

      Manichaean script: 𐫂𐫡𐫀𐫇𐫖 (βrʾwm /⁠Frūm, Frōm⁠/)

      Sogdian script: 𐽃𐽀𐼴𐼺 (frwm /⁠Frūm⁠/)

      • → Old Turkic: 𐰯𐰆𐰺𐰢 (pur¹m /⁠purum⁠/) ("Byzantium, Greek")
    • → Chinese: 拂菻 (Fúlǐn) (via Iranian)
  • → Middle Persian: (/⁠Hrōm⁠/, “Rome; Byzantine”)

    Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (hlwm)

    Manichaean script: 𐫍𐫡𐫇𐫖 (hrwm)

    Pazend script: 𐬀𐬭𐬋𐬨 (arōm)

    Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬𐭩 (ḥlwmy), Middle Persian: 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (ḥlwm)

    • Persian: روم (rum), اروم (orum) (rare, obsolete)
      • → Ottoman Turkish: روم (rum)

• → Arabic: روما (rūmā)
• → Proto-Celtic: *Rūmā (see there for further descendants)
  • → Proto-Germanic: *Rūmō (see there for further descendants)
• → Southern Common Slavic: *Rymъ
  • Proto-Eastern South Slavic: *Rĩmъ
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      • Glagolitic script: Ⱃⰹⰿⱏ (Rimŭ)
      • Old Cyrillic script: Римъ (Rimŭ)
        • Bulgarian: Рим (Rim)
        • Macedonian: Рим (Rim)
        • → Old East Slavic: Римъ (Rimŭ)
          • Old Ruthenian: Римъ (Rim)
            • Belarusian: Рым (Rym)
            • Carpathian Rusyn: Рим (Rym)
            • Ukrainian: Рим (Rym)
          • Russian: Рим (Rim)
        • → Romanian: Râm (obsolete)
  • Proto-Western South Slavic: *Rĩmъ
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      • Cyrillic script: Ри̑м
      • Latin script: Rȋm
    • Slovene: Rím (tonal orthography)
    • → Old Czech: Řím
      • Czech: Řím
      • → Kashubian: Rzim
      • → Old Polish: Rzym
        • Polish: Rzym
      • → Silesian: Rzim
      • → Slovak: Rím
• → Mishnaic Hebrew: רומא
  • Israeli Hebrew: רומא (róma)
• → Middle Persian: [Term?] (/⁠Hrōmāyīg⁠/, “Roman, Greek”)
• → Old Irish: Róm (see there for further descendants)
• → Romanian: Roma

References

• “Roma”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “Roma”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers

Anagrams

• amor, armō, mora

Latvian

Etymology

From Latin Rōma (“Rome”).

Proper noun

Roma

1. Rome (the capital city of Italy)

Lithuanian

Etymology

From Latin Rōma (“Rome”).

Proper noun

Roma f

1. Rome (the capital city of Italy)

Declension

    Declension of Roma

nominative	Roma
genitive	Romos
dative	Romai
accusative	Romą
instrumental	Roma
locative	Romoje
vocative	Roma

Maranao

Proper noun

Roma

1. Rome

References

• A Maranao Dictionary, by Howard P. McKaughan and Batua A. Macaraya

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

• Rom

Etymology

From Italian and Latin Roma.

Proper noun

Roma

1. Rome (the capital city of Italy)

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Italian and Latin Roma.

Proper noun

Roma

1. Rome (the capital city of Italy)

Occitan

Proper noun

Roma f

1. Rome (the capital city of Italy)

Related terms

• roman

Old Galician-Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin Rōma (“Rome”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈro.ma/

Proper noun

Roma

1. Rome (the ancient capital of the Roman Empire; capital city of the Papal States, in modern-day Italy)
   • 13th century CE, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de Toledo, cantiga 5 (facsimile):

     Eſta ·xviiii· é como ſṫa maria aiudou · á emperadriz de roma · a ſofrer as grãdes coitaſ per que paſſou.

     This 19th is how Holy Mary helped the empress of Rome suffer the great pains she underwent.

Related terms

• romão

Descendants

• Galician: Roma
• Portuguese: Roma

Old Spanish

Etymology

From Latin Rōma. Compare Old Galician-Portuguese Roma.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈroma/

Proper noun

Roma f

1. Rome
   • c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 79r:

     Sant peẏdro fo p̃dicar en roma. e por occaſiõ de ſimõ magus el encantador. nero el enꝑador fizolo meter en .+. dela cabeça aẏuſo e delos pies aſuſo.

     Saint Peter went to Rome to preach, and because of Simon Magus the sorcerer Nero the emperor had him put on a cross with his head down and his feet up.

Related terms

• romano

Descendants

• Spanish: Roma

Portuguese

Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese Roma, from Latin Rōma (“Rome”).

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈʁõ.mɐ/ [ˈhõ.mɐ]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈʁõ.mɐ/ [ˈhõ.mɐ]
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ˈʁõ.mɐ/ [ˈχõ.mɐ]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈʁo.ma/ [ˈho.ma]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈʁo.mɐ/

• Hyphenation: Ro‧ma

Proper noun

Roma f

1. Rome (the capital city of Italy)
2. Rome, Ancient Rome (an ancient civilisation centred in Rome)

   Synonym: Roma Antiga

3. the Catholic Church (Christian church centred in the Vatican)

   Synonyms: Santa Sé, Vaticano, Igreja Católica

Related terms

• romano
• Romão
• romã

Anagrams

• amor

Romagnol

Alternative forms

• Róma (Ravenna)

Proper noun

Roma f (Faenza)

1. Rome

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin Rōma.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Proper noun

Roma

1. Rome (the capital city of Italy)

Related terms

• roman

Sardinian

Proper noun

Roma f

1. Rome (the capital city of Italy)

Sicilian

Proper noun

Roma f

1. Rome (the capital city of Italy)

Spanish

Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish Roma, from Latin Rōma.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈroma/ [ˈro.ma]
• Rhymes: -oma
• Syllabification: Ro‧ma

Proper noun

Roma f

1. Rome (the capital city of Italy)

Derived terms

• Antigua Roma
• hablando del rey de Roma
• Roma no se hizo en un día
• todos los caminos llevan a Roma

 

Related terms

• romance
• románico
• romano
• romántico

 

Further reading

• “Roma”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28

Anagrams

• amor, mora, ramo, roma

Swahili

Proper noun

Roma

1. Rome (the capital city of Italy)

Turkish

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish روما (Roma), from Italian and Latin Roma. Doublet of Rum.

Proper noun

Roma

1. Rome (the capital city of Italy)
2. the Roman Empire

Declension

Declension of Roma

	singular (tekil)	plural (çoğul)
nominative (yalın)	Roma	-
definite accusative (belirtme)	Roma'yı	-
dative (yönelme)	Roma'ya	-
locative (bulunma)	Roma'da	-
ablative (ayrılma)	Roma'dan	-
genitive (tamlayan)	Roma'nın	-

See also

• Roma İmparatorluğu

References

• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “روما”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[2], Constantinople: Mihran, page 632