-

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See also: :-, and Appendix:Variations of "-"

- U+002D, -
HYPHEN-MINUS
← ,
[U+002C] 		Basic Latin . →
[U+002E]
Character variations
﹣ U+FE63, ﹣
SMALL HYPHEN-MINUS
← ﹢
[U+FE62] 		Small Form Variants ﹤ →
[U+FE64]
－ U+FF0D, －
FULLWIDTH HYPHEN-MINUS
← ，
[U+FF0C] 		Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms ． →
[U+FF0E]

Translingual

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Symbol

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-

  1. The hyphen-minus, a catch-all symbol for certain dash and dash-like characters.
    1. ‐ (hyphen)
    2. − (minus sign)
    3. ‒ (figure dash)
    4. – (en dash)
    5. — (em dash)
    6. ― (horizontal bar)
    7. (sports) skip
      Coordinate terms: X (fail), O (success)
    8. (chemistry) A single bond.

Usage notes

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The hyphen-minus (-) has multiple uses as a compromise introduced in the early days of fixed-width typewriters and computer displays. However, proper typesetting may require the use of more specific characters rather than the hyphen-minus. Nonetheless, the usage persists since the hyphen-minus is easy to enter on keyboards, well known, and at the same place in all common character sets.

See also

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  • ֊ (Armenian hyphen)

Punctuation

Further reading

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Letter

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The letter T in Morse code.

  1. A long signal, used to form Morse code text, together with . (a short signal).
  2. Visual rendering of Morse code for T. (Latin)
  3. Visual rendering of Morse code for Т. (Cyrillic)

See also

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Characters in Morse code [edit]
.- (A) -... (B) -.-. (C) -.. (D) . (E) ..-. (F) --. (G) .... (H) .. (I)
.--- (J) -.- (K) .-.. (L) -- (M) -. (N) --- (O) .--. (P) --.- (Q) .-. (R)
... (S) - (T) ..- (U) ...- (V) .-- (W) -..- (X) -.-- (Y) --.. (Z) ----- (0)
.---- (1) ..--- (2) ...-- (3) ....- (4) ..... (5) -.... (6) --... (7) ---.. (8) ----. (9)
.-.-.- (.) --..-- (,) ..--.. (?) -.-.-- (!) ---... (:) -.-.-. (;) -..-. (/) -.--. ( ( ) -.--.- ( ) )
.----. (') .-..-. (") -...- (=) .-.-. (+) -....- (-) ..--.- (_) .-... (&) ...-..- ($) .--.-. (@)

Finnish

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Punctuation mark

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-

  1. Delimits parts of compound words
    1. when a part ends in the same vowel the next part starts with.
      linja + auto → linja-auto
    2. (optional) when the former part ends in a vowel and the next part starts with a vowel, to avoid ambiguity or to help readability.
      laulu + ilta → lauluilta ~ laulu-ilta (compare lauluilta (elative form))
    3. (optional) when a part ends in a consonant and the next part starts with a vowel, to avoid ambiguity or to help readability.
      punos + aita → punosaita ~ punos-aita
    4. in certain dvandva or coordinative compounds where the parts are considered 'equal'.
      parturi + kampaaja → parturi-kampaaja
    5. when at least one of the two parts
      1. contains a space (a space is written before the hyphen if the previous part contains a space, and vice versa, but not both).
        stand up + koomikko → stand up ‑koomikko
      2. is a proper noun in the nominative case (unless it has been assimilated to the point it is no longer capitalized), chiefly in words that are not themselves proper nouns.
        Suomi + kuva → Suomi-kuva
      3. (optional) is a proper noun in the genitive case (unless it has been assimilated to the point it is no longer capitalized), for clarity and to avoid ambiguity.
        Saksan + matka → Saksan-matka (“trip to Germany”) (compare Saksan matka (“trip to Germany, Germany's trip”))
      4. is an abbreviation, acronym or initialism (optional if it is the final component and spelled in lowercase).
        NATO + jäsenyys → NATO-jäsenyys
      5. is a letter, number or symbol.
        20 + -vuotias → 20-vuotias
        C + vitamiini → C-vitamiini
      6. is a particle or a word treated as such.
        ei + toivottu → ei-toivottu
      7. (in some cases) is an unadapted loanword.
  2. Represents omission of repeated parts of compound words in a list ("suspended hyphen").
    syntymäaika ja ‑paikka = syntymäaika ja syntymäpaikka ― date/time (of birth) and place of birth
    mansikka-, mustikka- ja vadelmahillo = mansikkahillo, mustikkahillo ja vadelmahillo ― strawberry (jam), bilberry (jam) and raspberry jam
  3. Used for hyphenation or splitting words across lines.

Usage notes

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  • Called yhdysmerkki, yhdysviiva or väliviiva when used in the senses related to compound words.
  • Called tavuviiva when used for hyphenation.
  • More properly written ‐ (U+2010 HYPHEN), but U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS is ubiquitous in the computing world.

Greek

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Letter

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  1. Visual rendering of Morse code for Τ.

Hebrew

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Letter

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  1. Visual rendering of Morse code for ת.

Japanese

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Punctuation mark

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-

  1. (rare) A romanization of the ー (long vowel mark).
    To-kyo-

Letter

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  1. Visual rendering of Morse code for ム.

Khoekhoe

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Pronunciation

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Punctuation mark

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-

  1. Used to separate elements of a compound word when the second begins with an orthographic vowel (phonemic glottal stop).

Korean

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “probably from japanese. was it ever actually pronounced as a long vowel?”)

Punctuation mark

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-

  1. (obsolete) long vowel mark
    • 스타‐린氏[1]
      Seutārin-ssi
      Stalin
      compare Japanese スターリン (Sutārin)
    • 크리스마쓰(クリスマス)씨‐ㄹ(シール)은(は)結核豫防運動의(の)억센(力強き)씸볼(シンボル)[2]
      Keuriseumasseu ssīr-eun gyeolhaek yebang undong-ui eoksen ssimbol
      Kurisumasu shīru wa kekkaku yobō undō no chikarazuyoki shinboru
      Christmas seals are a strong symbol of the tuberculosis prevention movement
      compare Japanese シール (shīru)
    • 三養라‐면
      스‐프添付      [3][4]
      Samyang rāmyeon
      Se͞upeu cheombu
      Samyang ramyon
      Soup included
      compare Japanese ラーメン (rāmen), Japanese スープ (sūpu)
    • 마‐크 더불유 클라크[5]
      Mākeu Deoburyu Keullakeu
      Mark W. Clark
      compare Japanese マーク (Māku)

References

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  1. ^ File:Stalin portrait and his name written in Hangul (old orthographic rules).jpg
  2. ^ [1]
  3. ^ [2]
  4. ^ [3]
  5. ^ File:Korean Armistice Ko-Text 1953.jpg

Swedish

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Symbol

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-

  1. (politics) Replaces the party designation of an independent politician.
    Synonyms: oberoende, partilös, politisk vilde, utan partibeteckning
    • 2018 October 1, Anna Ekström, “Khan (S): "Politiker har fått gå för mindre saker" [Khan (S): "Politicians have had to go for less"]”, in Göteborgs-Posten‎[4]:
      Shahbaz Khan (S), ordförande i trafiknämnden, säger att Henrik Muncks (-) agerande på trafiknämndens presidiemöte saknar motstycke i Göteborgspolitiken.
      Shahbaz Khan (S), chairman of the traffic committee, says that Henrik Munck's (-) actions at the traffic committee's presidium meeting are unprecedented in Gothenburg politics.
    • 2022 May 18, Annika Niquet, Smålandsposten‎[5]:
      Den tidigare landsbygdspolitikern Kent Helgesson (-) bryter tystnaden och meddelar att han och partikamraten Frida Sundqvist Hall (-), som också valde att lämna Landsbygdspartiet oberoende i Uppvidinge i samband med årsmötet, nu valt att ansluta sig till Kristdemokraterna.
      The former rural politician Kent Helgesson (-) breaks the silence and announces that he and party mate Frida Sundqvist Hall (-), who also chose to leave the Rural Party independent in Uppvidinge in connection with the annual meeting, have now chosen to join the Christian Democrats.

Punctuation mark

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Examples (omission of repeated part)

-

  1. Represents omission of repeated parts of compound words in a list.
  2. Used for hyphenation or splitting words across lines.

Thai

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Letter

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  1. Visual rendering of Morse code for ฏ.
  2. Visual rendering of Morse code for ต.
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