親

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See also: 亲
親 U+89AA, 親
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-89AA
← 覩
[U+89A9] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 覫 →
[U+89AB]

Translingual

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Japanese 親
Simplified 亲
Traditional 親

Han character

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親 (Kangxi radical 147, 見+9, 16 strokes, cangjie input 卜木月山山 (YDBUU), four-corner 06910, composition ⿰亲見)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1136, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34918
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1602, character 35
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3671, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+89AA

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 親
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (辛) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
親 *sʰin, *sʰins
寴 *sʰin, *sʰins
儭 *sʰins, *sʰrins
瀙 *sʰins, *ʔsrin, *sʰrins
辛 *siŋ
新 *siŋ
薪 *siŋ
襯 *sʰrins
櫬 *sʰrins
嚫 *t͡sʰrinh
莘 *sriŋ
騂 *seŋ
垶 *seŋ
觪 *seŋ

Bronze script: phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰin, *sʰins) : phonetic 辛 (OC *siŋ) + semantic 見 (“see”).

Seal script: phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰin, *sʰins) : phonetic 𣓀 () + semantic 見 (“see”). The left part (a chisel with a tree at the bottom to indicate "hazelnut branch" used as a whip) was then stylized as 亲, which originally is a variant of 辛, the chisel.

Etymology 1

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trad. 親
simp. 亲*
alternative forms
媇
𧡘
𡩁 ancient
寴 ancient
𡪔
媇
𧡘
𡩁 ancient
寴 ancient
𡪔
𢾉
𧠍
𧠸
𧡿
 

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dziŋ (“relatives, ancestors”) (STEDT). Cognate with Burmese စဉ် (cany, “to line up, arrange”).

Pronunciation

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Note: cêng1 - Jieyang.
Rime
Character 親
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 清 (14)
Final (韻) 眞 (43)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 七人切
Baxter tshin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡sʰiɪn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡sʰin/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡sʰjen/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡sʰin/
Li
Rong 		/t͡sʰiĕn/
Wang
Li 		/t͡sʰĭĕn/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/t͡sʰi̯ĕn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		qīn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		can1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 親
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		qīn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tshin ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[tsʰ]i[n]/
English close; parents

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 親
Reading # 1/2
No. 13804
Phonetic
component 		辛
Rime
group 		眞
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		親
Old
Chinese 		/*sʰin/
Notes 說文親（同榛）聲

Definitions

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親

  1. ⁜ paternal relatives
  2. intimate; bosom; closely acquainted; beloved; dear
  3. parent(s); father and/or mother
  4. relatives; blood or marriage relation
  5. related by blood; blood (brothers, sisters)
  6. marriage; matrimony
  7. to be close to; to become intimate with
  8. to fraternise with; to support or endorse; pro-
    親中／亲中  ―  qīn Zhōng  ―  pro-China, usually meaning pro-CCP
  9. to approach; to go near; to get in touch with
  10. to kiss; to brush one's lips against
  11. personally; in person; with one's own (body part)
  12. close person; reliable person; intimate friend
  13. accurate; true
  14. 34th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "kinship" (𝌧)
  15. (Mainland China, Internet, customer service) dear sir or madam
  16. Alternative form of 新 (xīn, “to renew; to replace”)
  17. a surname
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 吻 (“to kiss”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 吻, 親, 親吻
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 吻, 親
Taiwan 吻, 親
Singapore 吻, 親
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 親
Central Plains Mandarin Wanrong 親
Xi'an 親
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 親
Cantonese Guangzhou 惜, 啜, 痛
Hong Kong 惜, 啜, 嘴
Taishan 啜
Dongguan 啜
Singapore (Guangfu) 惜
Hakka Meixian 唚
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 唚
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 唚
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 唚
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 唚
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 唚
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 唚
Jin Taiyuan 親
Xinzhou 親
Northern Min Jian'ou 蜜
Songxi 鼻
Zhenghe 蜜
Jianyang 蜜
Wuyishan 敕
Pucheng (Shibei) 鼻
Eastern Min Fuzhou 唚
Southern Min Xiamen 唚
Xiamen (Tong'an) 唚
Quanzhou 唚
Shishi 唚
Zhangzhou 唚
Tainan 唚
Penang (Hokkien) 唚
Singapore (Hokkien) 唚
Manila (Hokkien) 唚
Chaozhou 唚
Shantou 唚
Singapore (Teochew) 唚
Haikou 惜
Wu Shanghai 香, 親
Shanghai (Zhoupu, Pudong) 香
Shanghai (Chongming) 香
Suzhou 香
Hangzhou 香
Ningbo 親

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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trad. 親
simp. 亲*
alternative forms
媇
𧡘
𡩁 ancient
寴 ancient
𡪔
媇
𧡘
𡩁 ancient
寴 ancient
𡪔
𢾉
𧠍
𧠸
𧡿
 

Pronunciation

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Note: Irregular, due to assimilation by the following velar k- initial of 家.
Note: chhiⁿ/chheⁿ - used in 親姆／亲姆.
Note: cêng1 - Jieyang.
Rime
Character 親
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 清 (14)
Final (韻) 眞 (43)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 七遴切
Baxter tshinH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡sʰiɪnH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡sʰinH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡sʰjenH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡sʰinH/
Li
Rong 		/t͡sʰiĕnH/
Wang
Li 		/t͡sʰĭĕnH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/t͡sʰi̯ĕnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		qìn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		can3
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 親
Reading # 2/2
No. 13806
Phonetic
component 		辛
Rime
group 		眞
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		親
Old
Chinese 		/*sʰins/

Definitions

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親

  1. relationship between the families (especially the parents) of a married couple; in-laws

Compounds

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Etymology 3

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For pronunciation and definitions of 親 – see 嚫.
(This character is a variant form of 嚫).

Etymology 4

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trad. 親
simp. 亲*

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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親

  1. (Hokkien) Alternative form of 唚 (“to kiss”)

References

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  • “親”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[3], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “亲”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 189.

Japanese

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Kanji

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親

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. parent, elder

Readings

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Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
親
おや
Grade: 2
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
祖

From Old Japanese,[1] from Proto-Japonic *əya. Cognate with or derived from Old Japanese verb 老ゆ (oyu, “to become old”, modern 老いる oiru), from the idea of one's elders.[2]

First cited in the Kojiki of 712.[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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親(おや) • (oya) 

  1. [from 720] a parent
  2. [from 1001] the originator or founder of a school, company, or other organization
  3. [from 1001] the boss or leader
  4. [from 1809] the larger one of several objects of the same kind
  5. [from 1686] (hanafuda, card games, by extension, board games) the dealer, (gambling) the banker
    Coordinate term: 子 (ko)
  6. [from 712] one's ancestors, one's forebears
Idioms
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Derived terms

Etymology 2

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Prefix

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親(しん) • (shin-) 

  1. pro- (supportive of)
Antonyms
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References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 “親・祖”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  5. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 親 (MC tshin|tshinH). Recorded as Middle Korean 친 (chin) (Yale: chin) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

親 (eumhun 친할 친 (chinhal chin))

  1. hanja form? of 친 (“intimate”)
  2. hanja form? of 친 (“relative; parent”)

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [4]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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親: Hán Nôm readings: thân

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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