生活

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Chinese

[edit]
to be born; to give birth; life
to be born; to give birth; life; to grow; student; raw
 
to live; alive; living
to live; alive; living; work; workmanship
 
simp. and trad.
(生活) 		生 活
alternative forms 松豪 calligraphy brush
anagram 活生

Pronunciation

[edit]
Note:
  • 1sen-weq8 - literary reading, "life";
  • 1san-weq8 - vernacular reading, "job, task".
    Rime
    Character 生 生 活
    Reading # 1/2 2/2 2/2
    Initial (聲) 生 (21) 生 (21) 匣 (33)
    Final (韻) 庚 (109) 庚 (109) 末 (64)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open Open Closed
    Division (等) II II I
    Fanqie 所庚切 所敬切 戸括切
    Baxter sraeng sraengH hwat
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ʃˠæŋ/ /ʃˠæŋH/ /ɦuɑt̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ʃᵚaŋ/ /ʃᵚaŋH/ /ɦʷɑt̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ʃaŋ/ /ʃaŋH/ /ɣuɑt̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ʂaɨjŋ/ /ʂaɨjŋH/ /ɦwat̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/ʃɐŋ/ /ʃɐŋH/ /ɣuɑt̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/ʃɐŋ/ /ʃɐŋH/ /ɣuɑt̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ʂɐŋ/ /ʂɐŋH/ /ɣuɑt̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		shēng shèng huó
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		sang1 sang3 wut6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 生 生 生 活
    Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		shēng shēng shēng huó
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ sræng › ‹ sræng › ‹ srjæng › ‹ hwat ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*sreŋ/ (MC srj- > sr-; or *s.reŋ ?) /*sreŋ/ /*sreŋ/ (or *s.reŋ ?) /*[ɡ]ʷˁat/
    English bear, be born; live fresh, raw bear, be born; live to live

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 生 生 活
    Reading # 1/2 2/2 2/2
    No. 11312 11322 7585
    Phonetic
    component         		生 生 桰
    Rime
    group         		耕 耕 月
    Rime
    subdivision         		0 0 3
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		生 生 活
    Old
    Chinese         		/*sʰleːŋ/ /*sreŋs/ /*ɡoːd/

    Noun

    [edit]

    生活

    1. life (activities in life)
      日常生活  ―  rìcháng shēnghuó  ―  everyday life
      城市生活  ―  chéngshì shēnghuó  ―  urban life
      生活節奏／生活节奏  ―  shēnghuó jiézòu  ―  pace of life
      豪華生活／豪华生活  ―  háohuá shēnghuó  ―  high life
      熱愛生活／热爱生活  ―  rè'ài shēnghuó  ―  to love one's life
      生活態度／生活态度  ―  shēnghuó tàidù  ―  outlook on life
      人民生活步步高  ―  rénmín shēnghuó bùbùgāo  ―  the lives of the people improve step by step
      我感覺自己的生活很無聊。 [MSC, trad.]
      我感觉自己的生活很无聊。 [MSC, simp.]
      Wǒ gǎnjué zìjǐ de shēnghuó hěn wúliáo. [Pinyin]
      I feel my life is boring.
      我們都嚮往幸福的生活。 [MSC, trad.]
      我们都向往幸福的生活。 [MSC, simp.]
      Wǒmen dōu xiàngwǎng xìngfú de shēnghuó. [Pinyin]
      We all long for a happy life.
      這個技術能讓我們的生活更方便。 [MSC, trad.]
      这个技术能让我们的生活更方便。 [MSC, simp.]
      Zhè ge jìshù néng ràng wǒmen de shēnghuó gèng fāngbiàn. [Pinyin]
      This technology can make our lives more convenient.
    2. livelihood
    3. (dialectal) job; task
      做.生活 [Shanghainese]  ―  5tsu 1san-weq [Wugniu]  ―  to work (lit. "to do a task")
    4. (dialectal Mandarin) calligraphy brush; inkbrush

    Synonyms

    [edit]
    • (livelihood):
    edit
    • (task): 活 (huó)
    Dialectal synonyms of 職業 (“job; occupation; profession”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 職, 業
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 職業, 工作
    Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 工作
    Singapore 工, 工作
    Cantonese Guangzhou 工
    Hong Kong 工
    Singapore (Guangfu) 工
    Hakka Miaoli (N. Sixian) 頭路
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 頭路
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 頭路
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 頭路
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 頭路
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 頭路
    Southern Min Xiamen 頭路, 工課, 穡路
    Quanzhou 頭路, 工課, 穡路
    Jinjiang 頭路
    Zhangzhou 頭路, 工課, 穡路
    Taipei 頭路
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 頭路, 職業
    Kaohsiung 工課, 頭路, 穡頭, 職業
    Yilan 工課, 頭路, 職業
    Changhua (Lukang) 工課, 頭路, 職業
    Taichung 頭路, 工課, 穡頭
    Tainan 工課, 頭路, 穡頭, 職業
    Hsinchu 頭路, 工課
    Kinmen 頭路, 工課
    Penghu (Magong) 工課
    Penang (Hokkien) 工課, 工
    Singapore (Hokkien) 工, 頭路, 工課
    Manila (Hokkien) 頭路
    Jieyang 工課
    Singapore (Teochew) 工, 工課
    Singapore (Hainanese) 工
    Wu Shanghai 工作, 生活, 生意, 行當, 飯碗 figuratively, 飯碗頭 figuratively
    Shanghai (Chongming) 生活, 營生
    Suzhou 行當
    Danyang 生活
    Ningbo 生活, 行當
    Wenzhou 行當
    Jinhua 行當, 事幹, 生活
    Dialectal synonyms of 毛筆 (“calligraphy brush; inkbrush”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 管, 翰
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 毛筆
    Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 毛筆
    Taiwan 毛筆
    Ulanhot 水筆
    Tongliao 水筆
    Chifeng 毛筆
    Hulunbuir (Hailar) 水筆
    Harbin 毛筆
    Singapore 毛筆
    Jilu Mandarin Jinan 毛筆
    Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 水筆, 毛筆
    Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 毛筆
    Wanrong 毛筆, 生紅 dated
    Wanrong (Ronghe) 生胡
    Zhengzhou 毛筆
    Xi'an 毛筆, 墨筆, 生活 dated
    Xining 生活, 筆
    Xuzhou 毛筆
    Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 毛筆, 生花 dated
    Bayanhot 毛筆
    Lanzhou 生活
    Ürümqi 毛筆, 生活 dated
    Jimsar 生活
    Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 毛筆, 墨筆
    Wuhan 毛筆, 墨筆 dated
    Guiyang 墨筆, 毛筆
    Liuzhou 毛筆
    Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 墨筆, 毛筆
    Yangzhou 毛筆
    Hefei 毛筆, 墨筆
    Cantonese Guangzhou 毛筆, 墨筆
    Hong Kong 毛筆
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 毛筆
    Dongguan 毛筆
    Yangjiang 毛筆, 墨筆
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 毛筆
    Gan Nanchang 墨筆
    Lichuan 毛筆
    Pingxiang 墨筆
    Hakka Meixian 毛筆, 水筆
    Changting 毛筆
    Wuping 毛筆
    Ninghua 筆
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 毛筆, 水筆
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 毛筆, 水筆
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 毛筆, 水筆
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 毛筆, 水筆
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 毛筆, 水筆
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 毛筆, 膨筆, 水筆
    Hong Kong 毛筆
    Luchuan (Daqiao) 毛筆
    Senai (Huiyang) 毛筆
    Huizhou Jixi 毛筆
    Jin Taiyuan 毛筆, 筆
    Xinzhou 毛筆
    Taibus (Baochang) 毛筆
    Linhe 毛筆
    Jining 毛筆
    Hohhot 毛筆
    Baotou 毛筆
    Dongsheng 毛筆
    Haibowan 毛筆
    Northern Min Jian'ou 毛筆, 水筆
    Eastern Min Fuzhou 毛筆, 墨筆, 水筆
    Fuzhou (Changle) 毛筆
    Fuqing 毛筆, 水筆
    Yongtai 水筆
    Gutian 水筆
    Fu'an 水筆
    Ningde 墨筆
    Shouning 墨筆
    Zhouning 墨筆
    Fuding 墨筆
    Southern Min Xiamen 水筆, 毛筆
    Quanzhou 毛筆
    Zhangzhou 水筆, 毛筆
    Penang (Hokkien) 毛筆
    Singapore (Hokkien) 毛筆
    Manila (Hokkien) 毛筆
    Chaozhou 毛筆, 墨筆
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 毛筆
    Haikou 毛筆
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 毛筆
    Wu Shanghai 毛筆, 墨筆
    Suzhou 毛筆, 墨筆
    Danyang 毛筆, 墨筆
    Hangzhou 毛筆, 墨筆
    Ningbo 墨筆
    Wenzhou 墨筆
    Jinhua 墨筆, 毛筆
    Xiang Changsha 墨筆
    Loudi 墨筆
    Shuangfeng 墨筆, 寫字筆, 筆

    Verb

    [edit]

    生活

    1. to live; to exist; to lead a lifestyle
      健康生活  ―  jiànkāng shēnghuó  ―  to lead a healthy lifestyle

    Synonyms

    [edit]
    edit

    Derived terms

    [edit]

    Descendants

    [edit]
    Sino-Xenic (生活):

    See also

    [edit]

    Japanese

    [edit]
    Kanji in this term
    生 活
    せい
    Grade: 1     		かつ
    Grade: 2
    on'yomi

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Noun

    [edit]

    生(せい)活(かつ) • (seikatsu) ←せいくわつ (seikwatu)?

    1. life; livelihood; daily living.

    Usage notes

    [edit]

    生活 is distinct from several other Japanese words that may also be translated to English as "life". In particular, it means "day-to-day life as it is experienced; lifestyle; one's usual activities, habits, and routines". Compare the terms below, which may also be rendered as "life" in English:

    • 生存 (seizon, “life”): Action involved in staying alive, as in "signs of life".
    • 命 (inochi, “life”): The state of being alive, an animating force, or life as a whole (from birth to death).
    • 生命 (seimei, “life”): Biological life in general, particularly in scientific contexts.
    • 存在 (sonzai, “life”): Being; either the state of existing or a thing that exists.
    • 人生 (jinsei, “life”): A person's narrative, experience, and/or accomplishments from birth to death.
    • 寿命 (jumyō, “life”): Lifespan or life expectancy.
    • 残機 (zanki, “life”): A video-game life; a chance to play.
    • 元気 (genki, “life”): Liveliness.

    Synonyms

    [edit]

    Derived terms

    [edit]

    Verb

    [edit]

    生(せい)活(かつ)する • (seikatsu suru) intransitive suru (stem 生(せい)活(かつ)し (seikatsu shi), past 生(せい)活(かつ)した (seikatsu shita))

    1. live a life

    Conjugation

    [edit]
    Conjugation of "生活する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
    Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
    Mizenkei ("imperfective") 生活し せいかつし seikatsu shi
    Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 生活し せいかつし seikatsu shi
    Shūshikei ("terminal") 生活する せいかつする seikatsu suru
    Rentaikei ("attributive") 生活する せいかつする seikatsu suru
    Kateikei ("hypothetical") 生活すれ せいかつすれ seikatsu sure
    Meireikei ("imperative") 生活せよ¹
    生活しろ²         		せいかつせよ¹
    せいかつしろ²         		seikatsu seyo¹
    seikatsu shiro²
    Key constructions
    Passive 生活される せいかつされる seikatsu sareru
    Causative 生活させる
    生活さす         		せいかつさせる
    せいかつさす         		seikatsu saseru
    seikatsu sasu
    Potential 生活できる せいかつできる seikatsu dekiru
    Volitional 生活しよう せいかつしよう seikatsu shiyō
    Negative 生活しない せいかつしない seikatsu shinai
    Negative continuative 生活せず せいかつせず seikatsu sezu
    Formal 生活します せいかつします seikatsu shimasu
    Perfective 生活した せいかつした seikatsu shita
    Conjunctive 生活して せいかつして seikatsu shite
    Hypothetical conditional 生活すれば せいかつすれば seikatsu sureba
    ¹ Written imperative

    ² Spoken imperative

    References

    [edit]
    1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

    Korean

    [edit]
    Hanja in this term
    生活

    Noun

    [edit]

    生活 • (saenghwal) (hangeul 생활)

    1. hanja form? of 생활 (“lifestyle, way of life, daily living”)

    Vietnamese

    [edit]
    chữ Hán Nôm in this term
    生活

    Noun

    [edit]

    生活

    1. chữ Hán form of sinh hoạt (“life”).
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