檻

See also: 槛

檻 U+6ABB, 檻 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6ABB ← 檺 [U+6ABA] CJK Unified Ideographs 檼 → [U+6ABC]

Translingual

Han character

檻 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+14, 18 strokes, cangjie input 木尸戈廿 (DSIT) or 木尸一廿 (DSMT), four-corner 4891₇, composition ⿰木監)

Derived characters

• 𡅋

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 558, character 47
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15745
• Dae Jaweon: page 948, character 16
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1307, character 14
• Unihan data for U+6ABB

Chinese

trad.		檻
simp.		槛

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (監) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
藍	*ɡ·raːm
襤	*ɡ·raːm
籃	*ɡ·raːm
懢	*ɡ·raːm, *ɡ·raːms
儖	*ɡ·raːm
蘫	*ɡ·raːm, *qʰlaːms
攬	*ɡ·raːmʔ
欖	*ɡ·raːmʔ
覽	*ɡ·raːmʔ
爁	*ɡ·raːmʔ, *ɡ·raːms, *ɡ·rams
擥	*ɡ·raːmʔ
灠	*ɡ·raːmʔ
濫	*ɡ·raːms, *ɡraːmʔ
嚂	*ɡ·raːms, *kʰlaːms, *qʰlaːmʔ
纜	*ɡ·raːms
監	*kraːm, *kraːms
礛	*kraːm
鑑	*kraːm, *kraːms, *kraːms
艦	*ɡraːmʔ
檻	*ɡraːmʔ, *ɡraːms
壏	*ɡraːmʔ
轞	*ɡraːmʔ
鹽	*ɡ·lam, *ɡ·lams

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡraːmʔ, *ɡraːms) : semantic 木 + phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms).

Etymology 1

Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kram (“fence, garden”). Cognate with Burmese ခြံ (hkram, “fence; garden; to surround”). Also compare Tibetan ཁྲམ (khram, “notched wood”) (> ཁྲམ་ཁ (khram kha, “cut, notch [in wood]”), ཁྲམ་ཤིང (khram shing, “tallystick”)).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiàn (jian⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): haam⁵
• Eastern Min (BUC): kāng
• Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁵khe / ³khe

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiàn
    • Wade–Giles: chien⁴
    • Yale: jyàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiann
    • Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: haam⁵
    • Yale: háahm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: haam⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: ham⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /haːm¹³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: kāng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰaŋ³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵khe
    • MiniDict: khe^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²khe
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kʰe³⁴/
  • (Northern: Suzhou)
    • Wugniu: ³khe
    • MiniDict: khe^上
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /kʰe⁵¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: haemX

Rime
Character	檻
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	銜 (149)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	胡黤切
Baxter	haemX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠamX/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚamX/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣamX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦaɨmX/
Li Rong	/ɣamX/
Wang Li	/ɣamX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣamX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	haam6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤramʔ/, /*[ɡ]ˤamʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡraːmʔ/, /*ɡraːms/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	檻	檻	檻
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiàn	jiàn	jiàn
Middle Chinese	‹ hæmX ›	‹ hæmX ›	‹ hamX ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ˁramʔ/	/*[ɡ]ˁramʔ/	/*[ɡ]ˁamʔ/
English	straight-jetted (water)	railing; cage	railing; cage
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	檻	檻
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	6110	6114
Phonetic component	監	監
Rime group	談	談
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	檻	㽉
Old Chinese	/*ɡraːmʔ/	/*ɡraːms/
Notes		原文木在下，集韻注或書檻

Definitions

檻

1. fence
2. cage (for animal or prisoner)
3. railing; balustrade
4. (alt. form 轞／𰺗) prisoner transport cart
5. Alternative form of 艦／舰 (jiàn, “warship”)

Compounds

• 圈檻／圈槛
• 攀庭檻／攀庭槛
• 朱雲折檻／朱云折槛
• 檻檻／槛槛
• 檻猿籠鳥／槛猿笼鸟
• 檻車／槛车 (jiànjū)
• 窗檻／窗槛 (chuāngjiàn)
• 籠鳥檻猿／笼鸟槛猿
• 軒檻／轩槛

 

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kǎn (kan³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄢˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): laam⁶
• Eastern Min (BUC): kāng
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵khe

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄢˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kǎn
    • Wade–Giles: kʻan³
    • Yale: kǎn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kaan
    • Palladius: кань (kanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰän²¹⁴/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kǎnr
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄢˇㄦ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kǎnr
    • Wade–Giles: kʻan³-ʼrh
    • Yale: kǎnr
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kaal
    • Palladius: каньр (kanʹr)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɑɻ²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: laam⁶
    • Yale: laahm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: laam⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: lam⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /laːm²²/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: kāng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰaŋ³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵khe
    • MiniDict: khe^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²khe
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kʰe³⁴/

Definitions

檻

1. doorsill

   門檻／门槛  ―  ménkǎn  ―  doorsill

Synonyms

edit

• 戶填／户填 (Hokkien)
• 戶限／户限 (hùxiàn) (literary)
• 戺 (shì) (Classical Chinese)
• 柣 (zhì) (Classical Chinese)
• 梱 (kǔn) (Classical Chinese)
• 榍 (xiè) (Classical Chinese)
• 轔／辚 (lín) (Classical Chinese)
• 門地伏／门地伏 (mon³ i⁵ fuuk⁴) (Taishanese)
• 門墊／门垫 (muòng-dâing) (Eastern Min)
• 門岸／门岸 (mn̂g-hōaⁿ) (Xiamen Hokkien)
• 門檻／门槛 (ménkǎn)
• 門限／门限 (ménxiàn)
• 門階／门阶 (ménjiē)
• 閫／阃 (kǔn) (literary)
• 閾／阈 (yù) (literary)
• 限 (xiàn) (literary, or in compounds)
• 面填 (bīn-tǔiⁿ) (Quanzhou Hokkien)

 

Compounds

• 對了檻兒／对了槛儿
• 老門檻／老门槛
• 鐵門檻／铁门槛
• 門檻／门槛 (ménkǎn)
• 門檻條款／门槛条款
• 隔門檻兒／隔门槛儿

 

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 檻 – see 𨈇 (“to step over; to step across”). (This character is a variant form of 𨈇).

References

• “檻”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

檻

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: げん (gen)^{←けん (ken, historical)←げむ (gemu, ancient)}
• Kan-on: かん (kan)^{←かん (kan, historical)←かむ (kamu, ancient)}
• Kun: おり (ori, 檻)^{←をり (wori, 檻, historical)}、てすり (tesuri)、いたがこい (itagakoi, 檻い)^{←いたがこひ (itagakofi, 檻ひ, historical)}、おばしま (obashima)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
檻
おり Hyōgai
kun'yomi

Compounds

• 檻車(かんしゃ) (kansha)
• 檻穽(かんせい) (kansei)
• 檻房(かんぼう) (kanbō)
• 折檻(せっかん) (sekkan)

Noun

檻(おり) • (ori) ^{←をり (wori)?}

1. cage; cell
   • 1936, Unno Jūza, Chikyū Tōnan [Globe Theft]‎^[2]:

     その第(だい)四(よん)号(ごう)の檻(おり)の中(なか)には、一(いっ)体(たい)どんな生(い)き物(もの)が入(はい)っていたのだろうか？

     Sono dai-yongō no ori no naka ni wa, ittai donna ikimono ga haitteita no darō ka?

     Exactly what kind of animal was within the fourth cage?

Korean

Hanja

檻 (eum 함 (ham))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

檻: Hán Nôm readings: giám, hạm, hậm, tràm, cạm

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.