文章

Chinese

		language; culture; writing language; culture; writing; formal; literary; gentle	chapter; seal; section
simp. and trad. (文章)		文	章

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): wénzhāng

  (Zhuyin): ㄨㄣˊ ㄓㄤ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): вынҗон (vɨnžon, I-II)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): man⁴ zoeng¹

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): vùn-chông
• Northern Min (KCR): uǒ̤ng-ció̤ng
• Eastern Min (BUC): ùng-ciŏng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): bûn-chiuⁿ / bûn-chioⁿ / bûn-chiong / bûn-chiang

  (Teochew, Peng'im): bhung⁵ ziang¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶ven-tsaon

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wénzhāng
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄣˊ ㄓㄤ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wúnjhang
    • Wade–Giles: wên²-chang¹
    • Yale: wén-jāng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wenjang
    • Palladius: вэньчжан (vɛnʹčžan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 文章 紋章／纹章

  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: вынҗон (vɨnžon, I-II)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /vəŋ²⁴ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: man⁴ zoeng¹
    • Yale: màhn jēung
    • Cantonese Pinyin: man⁴ dzoeng¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: men⁴ zêng¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɐn²¹ t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/
    • Homophones:

      edit edit 文章 紋章／纹章

• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vùn-chông
    • Hakka Romanization System: vun^ˇ zong^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: vun² zong¹
    • Sinological IPA: /vun¹¹ t͡soŋ²⁴/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: uǒ̤ng-ció̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /uɔŋ²¹ t͡siɔŋ⁵⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ùng-ciŏng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /uŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ^(t͡s-)ʒuoŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bûn-chiuⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: bûn-tsiunn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: buncviw
    • IPA (Taipei): /bun²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siũ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /bun²⁴⁻²² t͡siũ³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /bun²⁴⁻²² t͡siũ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bûn-chioⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: bûn-tsionn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: buncvioy
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /bun¹³⁻²² t͡siɔ̃⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bûn-chiong
    • Tâi-lô: bûn-tsiong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bunciofng
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /bun²³⁻³³ t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /bun²⁴⁻²² t͡siɔŋ³³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /bun²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /bun²⁴⁻²² t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bûn-chiang
    • Tâi-lô: bûn-tsiang
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bunciafng
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /bun¹³⁻²² t͡siaŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: bhung⁵ ziang¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: bûng tsiang
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /buŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡siaŋ³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶ven-tsaon
    • MiniDict: ven^去 tsaon
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³ven-tsaan
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /vən²² t͡sɑ̃⁴⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: mjun tsyang

Rime
Character	文	章
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	文 (59)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	無分切	諸良切
Baxter	mjun	tsyang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mɨun/	/t͡ɕɨɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/miun/	/t͡ɕiɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/miuən/	/t͡ɕiɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mun/	/cɨaŋ/
Li Rong	/miuən/	/t͡ɕiaŋ/
Wang Li	/mĭuən/	/t͡ɕĭaŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/mi̯uən/	/t͡ɕi̯aŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wén	zhāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	man4	zoeng1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*mə[n]  taŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*mɯn  kjaŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	文	章
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wén	zhāng
Middle Chinese	‹ mjun ›	‹ tsyang ›
Old Chinese	/*mə[n]/	/*taŋ/
English	ornate	brilliant; distinctive mark; to display
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	文	章
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	13015	16817
Phonetic component	文	章
Rime group	文	陽
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	文	章
Old Chinese	/*mɯn/	/*kjaŋ/

Noun

文章

1. essay; composition; article (in a newspaper, magazine, on the Internet, etc.) (Classifier: 篇)

   熱門文章／热门文章  ―  rèmén wénzhāng  ―  popular article

   發表文章／发表文章  ―  fābiǎo wénzhāng  ―  to publish an article

   我寫了一篇文章，想請您給我指點一下。 [MSC, trad.]
   我写了一篇文章，想请您给我指点一下。 [MSC, simp.]

   Wǒ xiě le yī piān wénzhāng, xiǎng qǐng nín gěi wǒ zhǐdiǎn yīxià. [Pinyin]

   I wrote an article and would like to ask you to give me some advice.

   這篇文章寫得多棒啊，背下來。 [MSC, trad.]
   这篇文章写得多棒啊，背下来。 [MSC, simp.]

   Zhè piān wénzhāng xiěde duō bàng a, bèi xiàlái. [Pinyin]

   How excellently written is this article! Memorize it.

   我看過你的文章，很喜歡你的文采。 [MSC, trad.]
   我看过你的文章，很喜欢你的文采。 [MSC, simp.]

   Wǒ kàn guò nǐ de wénzhāng, hěn xǐhuān nǐ de wéncǎi. [Pinyin]

   I've read your article and appreciate your literary talent.

2. literary work; writing; text
3. hidden meaning; implied meaning
4. (Internet) message; post
5. (archaic, literary) pattern

   • 青黃雜糅，文章爛兮。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     青黄杂糅，文章烂兮。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Verses of Chu, 4^th century BCE – 2^nd century CE

     Qīng huáng záróu, wénzhāng làn xī. [Pinyin]

     Dark-green mixed with yellow, splendid is thy pattern.

   • 遂朱綠之，玄黃之，以為黼黻文章。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     遂朱绿之，玄黄之，以为黼黻文章。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Suì zhū lǜ zhī, xuán huáng zhī, yǐ wéi fǔfú wénzhāng. [Pinyin]

     They then dyed the thread red and green, azure and yellow, to make the variously coloured figures on robes.

Synonyms

• (essay):

edit

• 作文 (zuòwén)
• 筆札／笔札 (bǐzhá) (literary, figurative)
• 論文／论文 (lùnwén)

 

• (literary work):

edit

• 冊／册 (cè) (as a classifier, or Classical Chinese)
• 冊子／册子 (cèzi)
• 卷 (juàn)
• 圖書／图书 (túshū) (as a collective term)
• 撰述 (zhuànshù) (formal)
• 文曲 (wénqǔ) (Classical Chinese)
• 書／书 (shū)
• 書冊／书册 (shūcè) (dated or Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien)
• 書卷／书卷 (shūjuàn)
• 書本／书本 (shūběn) (as a collective term)
• 書籍／书籍 (shūjí) (as a collective term)
• 本 (běn) (as a classifier)
• 本子 (běnzi)
• 本本 (běnběn) (informal, diminutive)
• 版籍 (bǎnjí) (literary)
• 簿 (bù) (used in compounds, or Classical Chinese)
• 簿仔 (Hakka, Hokkien)
• 籍 (jí) (used in compounds, or Classical Chinese)
• 經籍／经籍 (jīngjí)
• 著 (zhù) (used in compounds, or Classical Chinese)
• 著作 (zhùzuò)
• 藝文／艺文 (yìwén)

 

• (message; post): 帖子 (tiězi)

Derived terms

• 做文章 (zuò wénzhāng)
• 大有文章 (dàyǒuwénzhāng)
• 官樣文章／官样文章 (guānyàngwénzhāng)
• 表面文章 (biǎomiànwénzhāng)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (文章):

• → Japanese: 文章(ぶんしょう) (bunshō)
• → Korean: 문장(文章) (munjang)
• → Vietnamese: văn chương (文章)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
文	章
ぶん Grade: 1	しょう Grade: 3
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ぶんしょー [búꜜǹshòò] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [bɯ̟̃ɰ̃ɕo̞ː]

Noun

文(ぶん)章(しょう) • (bunshō) ^{←ぶんしやう (bunsyau)?}

1. (grammar) a sentence
2. writing
3. an essay or composition
4. a writing style

Synonyms

• (writing): 文書(ぶんしょ) (bunsho)

Derived terms

• 文章家: a writer, an essayist
• 文章語: literary (i.e. written) language

Proper noun

Kanji in this term
文	章
ふみ Grade: 1	あき Grade: 3

文(ふみ)章(あき) • (Fumiaki) 

1. a male given name

Korean

Hanja in this term
文	章

Noun

文章 • (munjang) (hangeul 문장)

1. hanja form^? of 문장 (“(grammar) sentence”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
文	章

Noun

文章

1. chữ Hán form of văn chương (“literature”).