弱い

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Japanese

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Kanji in this term
よわ
Grade: 2
kun'yomi
See also 弱る

Etymology

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From Old Japanese 弱し (*yo₁wasi), from Proto-Japonic *yowa.

Although not phonetically attested in Old Japanese texts in man'yōgana, the name of a king varies between 目弱王 in the Kojiki and 眉輪王, read as mayo₁wa-WAU in the Nihon Shoki.[1]

Pronunciation

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  • Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of 「弱い
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Continuative (連用形) 弱く わく
[yóꜜwàkù]
[yòwáꜜkù]
Terminal (終止形) 弱い [yòwáꜜì]
Attributive (連体形) 弱い [yòwáꜜì]
Key constructions
Informal negative 弱くない わくない
くない
[yóꜜwàkùnàì]
[yòwáꜜkùnàì]
Informal past 弱かった わかった
かった
[yóꜜwàkàttà]
[yòwáꜜkàttà]
Informal negative past 弱くなかった わくなかった
くなかった
[yóꜜwàkùnàkàttà]
[yòwáꜜkùnàkàttà]
Formal 弱いです いです [yòwáꜜìdèsù]
Conjunctive 弱くて わくて
くて
[yóꜜwàkùtè]
[yòwáꜜkùtè]
Conditional 弱ければ わければ
ければ
[yóꜜwàkèrèbà]
[yòwáꜜkèrèbà]

Adjective

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(よわ) (yowaiよわい (yowai)?-i (adverbial (よわ) (yowaku))

  1. weak, powerless, vulnerable, vincible, delicate
    (よわ)(あい)()
    yowai aite
    a weak opponent
    (さん)(よわ)
    san ni yowai
    vulnerable to acid
    • 2006 April 15, Nobuyuki Anzai, “AKT(アクト).139(ひゃくさんじゅうきゅう)/ ウォーゲーム(さい)(しゅう)(けっ)(せん) アランVS(バーサス).ハロウィン() [Akt 139: War Games Final Battle: Alan vs. Halloween #2]”, in MÄR(メル) MÄRCHEN AWAKENS ROMANCE [MÄR: Märchen Awakens Romance], volume 13 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 153:
      (よわ)(やつ)(つよ)(やつ)()(せい)になるのは(ひつ)(ぜん)なんだ
      Yowai yatsu ga tsuyoi yatsu no gisei ni naru no wa hitsuzen na n da
      It’s inevitable that the weak fall prey to the strong
  2. weak, inept, incompetent
    (すう)()(よわ)
    sūji ni yowai
    weak at figures
  3. low tolerance
    (さけ)(よわ)
    sake ni yowai
    easily becoming drunk

Inflection

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Synonyms

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Antonyms

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Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ Omodaka, Hisataka (1967) 時代別国語大辞典 上代編 [The dictionary of historical Japanese: Old Japanese] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN, page 807
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN