否

See also: 咅, 杏, 좀, and 춤

否 U+5426, 否 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5426 ← 吥 [U+5425] CJK Unified Ideographs 吧 → [U+5427]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

否 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 一火口 (MFR), four-corner 1060₉, composition ⿱不口)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 178, character 2
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3340
• Dae Jaweon: page 395, character 11
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 586, character 5
• Unihan data for U+5426

Chinese

simp. and trad.		否
alternative forms		不 “no; not” 𠲎 Northern Wu 𠳝 Northern Wu

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (不) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
肧	*pʰlɯː, *pʰɯ, *pʰlɯː
俖	*pʰɯːʔ
娝	*prɯʔ
痞	*prɯʔ, *brɯʔ, *pɯʔ
丕	*pʰrɯ
伾	*pʰrɯ
秠	*pʰrɯ, *pʰrɯʔ, *pʰɯ, *pʰɯʔ
駓	*pʰrɯ
怌	*pʰrɯ
豾	*pʰrɯ
髬	*pʰrɯ
魾	*pʰrɯ, *brɯ
鉟	*pʰrɯ, *brɯ
嚭	*pʰrɯʔ
邳	*brɯ
岯	*brɯ
否	*brɯʔ, *pɯʔ
抔	*bɯ, *pʰlɯː
不	*pɯ, *pɯʔ, *pɯ'
紑	*pɯ, *pʰɯ, *pʰɯʔ
鴀	*pɯ, *pɯʔ
衃	*pʰɯ, *pʰlɯː
罘	*bɯ
芣	*bɯ
杯	*plɯː
盃	*plɯː
桮	*pɯː
坯	*pʰɯː
胚	*pʰɯː

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *brɯʔ, *pɯʔ) : phonetic 不 (OC *pɯ, *pɯʔ, *pɯ', “not”) + semantic 口 (“mouth”). Similar to 咅.

Etymology 1

See etymology of 不.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): fǒu (fou³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄡˇ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): fo³ / fou³

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): fau²

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): feu²

• Gan (Wiktionary): feu³
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): féu

  (Meixian, Guangdong): fêu³

• Jin (Wiktionary): fu²
• Northern Min (KCR): pě
• Eastern Min (BUC): pēu
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hóⁿ / hó͘ / hió

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hou²

• Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁵feu / ¹feu / ³feu / ³fei
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): hou³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fǒu
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄡˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fǒu
    • Wade–Giles: fou³
    • Yale: fǒu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: foou
    • Palladius: фоу (fou)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /foʊ̯²¹⁴/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: fo³ / fou³
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: fo / fou
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fo⁵³/, /fəu⁵³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: fau²
    • Yale: fáu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fau²
    • Guangdong Romanization: feo²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɐu̯³⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: feu²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /feu⁵⁵/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: feu³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɛu²¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: féu
    • Hakka Romanization System: feu^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: feu³
    • Sinological IPA: /feu̯³¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: fêu³
    • Sinological IPA: /feu³¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: fu²
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /fu⁵³/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: pě
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰe²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: pēu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɛu³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hóⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: hónn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hvor
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /hɔ̃⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔ̃⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hó͘
    • Tâi-lô: hóo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hor
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /hɔ⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔ⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hió
    • Tâi-lô: hió
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hioir
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /hio⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hou²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hóu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hou⁵²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵feu
    • MiniDict: feu^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²feu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /fɤ³⁴/
  • (Northern: Suzhou)
    • Wugniu: ¹feu
    • MiniDict: feu^平
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /føy⁴⁴/
  • (Northern: Suzhou)
    • Wugniu: ³feu
    • MiniDict: feu^上
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /føy⁵¹/
  • (Northern: Hangzhou)
    • Wugniu: ³fei
    • MiniDict: fei^上
    • Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /fei⁵³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: hou³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xəu̯⁴¹/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 否
Mandarin	Beijing	/fou²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/fau²¹³/ /fou²¹³/
	Tianjin	/fou¹³/
	Jinan	/fɔ⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/fɔ⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/fu⁵³/
	Xi'an	/fu⁵³/
	Xining	/fv̩⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/fu⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/fu⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/fu⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/fəu⁴²/
	Chengdu	/fo⁵³/ /fəu⁵³/
	Guiyang	/fu⁴²/
	Kunming	/fəu⁵³/
	Nanjing	/fəi²¹²/
	Hefei	/fʊ²⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/fu⁵³/
	Pingyao
	Hohhot	/fu⁵³/
Wu	Shanghai	/fɤ³⁵/
	Suzhou	/fɤ⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/fei⁵³/
	Wenzhou	/fɜ³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/fo³⁵/
	Tunxi	/fo³¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/xəu⁴¹/
	Xiangtan	/ɸəɯ⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang	/fɛu²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/feu³¹/
	Taoyuan	/feu¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/fɐu³⁵/
	Nanning	/fɐu³⁵/
	Hong Kong	/fɐu³⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/hɔ⁵³/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/pʰeu³²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/pʰe²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/hõu⁵³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/fɔu²¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: pjuwX

Rime
Character	否
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	方久切
Baxter	pjuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pɨuX/
Pan Wuyun	/piuX/
Shao Rongfen	/piəuX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/puwX/
Li Rong	/piuX/
Wang Li	/pĭəuX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pi̯ə̯uX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fǒu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fau2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*pəʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*pɯʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	否
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fǒu
Middle Chinese	‹ pjuwX ›
Old Chinese	/*pəʔ/
English	not
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	否
Reading #	2/2
No.	1028
Phonetic component	不
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	缶
Old Chinese	/*pɯʔ/

Definitions

否

1. nay; no; negative

   • 曰：「自織之與？」曰：「否。以粟易之。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     曰：「自织之与？」曰：「否。以粟易之。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Yuē: “Zì zhī zhī yǔ?” Yuē: “Fǒu. Yǐ sù yì zhī.” [Pinyin]

     'Is it woven by himself?' 'No. He gets it in exchange for grain.'

2. not
3. final interrogative particle

   • 又飲數杯，允指蟬謂布曰：「吾欲將此女送與將軍為妾，還肯納否？」 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
     又饮数杯，允指蝉谓布曰：「吾欲将此女送与将军为妾，还肯纳否？」 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]

     From: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, circa 14^th century CE

     Yòu yǐn shù bēi, Yǔn zhǐ Chán wèi Bù yuē: “Wú yù jiāng cǐ nǚ sòng yǔ jiāngjūn wéi qiè, hái kěn nà fǒu?” [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Usage notes

否 is the form taken by 不 when the verb which it negates is omitted (Pulleyblank, 1995, p. 104).

Compounds

• 不置可否 (bùzhìkěfǒu)
• 全盤否定／全盘否定 (quánpánfǒudìng)
• 可否 (kěfǒu)
• 否則／否则 (fǒuzé)
• 否否
• 否定 (fǒudìng)
• 否定之否定
• 否決／否决 (fǒujué)
• 否決權／否决权 (fǒujuéquán)
• 否認／否认 (fǒurèn)
• 唯唯否否
• 是否 (shìfǒu)
• 未知可否
• 未置可否
• 無可否認／无可否认 (wúkěfǒurèn)
• 獻可替否／献可替否
• 獻替可否／献替可否
• 矢口否認／矢口否认 (shǐkǒufǒurèn)
• 能否 (néngfǒu)
• 與否／与否 (yǔfǒu)

 

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): pǐ (pi³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄧˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): pei²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): phí
• Eastern Min (BUC): pī
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): phí / pháiⁿ / phái

  (Teochew, Peng'im): pi² / pai²

• Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁵phi / ⁶bi

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: pǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄧˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: pǐ
    • Wade–Giles: pʻi³
    • Yale: pǐ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pii
    • Palladius: пи (pi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰi²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: pei²
    • Yale: péi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: pei²
    • Guangdong Romanization: péi²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰei̯³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phí
    • Hakka Romanization System: pi^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: pi³
    • Sinological IPA: /pʰi³¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: pī
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰi³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phí
    • Tâi-lô: phí
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phie
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰi⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /pʰi⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰi⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pháiⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: pháinn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phvae
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /pʰãi⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰãi⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phái
    • Tâi-lô: phái
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phae
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /pʰai⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰai⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰai⁴¹/

Note:

• phí - literary;
• pháiⁿ/phái - vernacular (usually written as 歹).

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: pi² / pai²
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phí / phái
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰi⁵²/, /pʰai⁵²/

Note:

• pi2 - literary;
• pai2 - vernacular (usually written as 痞).

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵phi
    • MiniDict: phi^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²phi
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pʰi³⁴/
  • (Northern: Suzhou)
    • Wugniu: ⁶bi
    • MiniDict: bi^去
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /bi²³¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: bijX

Rime
Character	否
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	脂 (17)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	符鄙切
Baxter	bijX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bˠiɪX/
Pan Wuyun	/bᵚiX/
Shao Rongfen	/biɪX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bjiX/
Li Rong	/bjiX/
Wang Li	/biX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/bʱiX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bei6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*brɯʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	否
Reading #	1/2
No.	1022
Phonetic component	不
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	否
Old Chinese	/*brɯʔ/

Definitions

否

1. ^† to block; to obstruct
2. ^† to denounce; to censure
3. ^† to become extinct
4. ^† poverty-stricken; poor
5. ^† evil; vile
6. ^† Alternative form of 鄙 (bǐ, “superficial; shallow”)
7. ^† Alternative form of 痞 (pǐ, “lump in the abdomen”)
8. 12th hexagram of the I Ching

Compounds

• 否剝／否剥
• 否去泰來／否去泰来
• 否往泰來／否往泰来
• 否德 (pǐdé)
• 否極必泰／否极必泰
• 否極泰來／否极泰来 (pǐjítàilái)
• 否極生泰／否极生泰
• 否泰
• 否滯／否滞
• 否終而泰／否终而泰
• 否隔
• 屯否
• 屯蹶否塞
• 晦盲否塞 (huìmángpǐsè)
• 泰來否往／泰来否往
• 泰極而否／泰极而否
• 臧否 (zāngpǐ)
• 臧否人物
• 賢否不明／贤否不明
• 進可替否／进可替否
• 陟罰臧否／陟罚臧否 (zhìfázāngpǐ)

 

References

• “否”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

否

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

1. no
2. negate

Readings

• Go-on: び (bi)、ふ (fu)
• Kan-on: ひ (hi, Jōyō)、ふう (fū)
• Kun: いな (ina)、いなむ (inamu, 否む)、いや (iya)、あらず (arazu)

Compounds

• 否(ひ)運(うん) (hiun, “misfortune”)
• 否(ひ)決(けつ) (hiketsu, “refusal”)
• 否(ひ)塞(そく) (hisoku)
• 否(ひ)泰(たい) (hitai)
• 否(ひ)定(てい) (hitei, “denial”)
• 否(ひ)認(にん) (hinin, “denial”)
• 否(いや)応(おう) (iyaō)
• 拒(きょ)否(ひ) (kyohi, “refusal”)
• 否(いな)む (inamu, “decline”)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
否
いな Grade: 6
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 否 – see the following entry.

【いな】 [interjection] no [noun] nay, no [noun] (uncommon, perhaps archaic) a river snail

(This term, 否, is an alternative spelling (rare) of the above term.)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
否
ひ Grade: 6
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 否 (MC bijX). The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [çi]

Noun

否(ひ) • (hi) 

1. no

Korean

Hanja

否 (eumhun 아닐 부 (anil bu))

1. hanja form^? of 부 (“not, no, negative”)

否 (eumhun 막힐 비 (makhil bi))

1. hanja form^? of 비 (“obstruct, block”)

Tày

Adverb

否 (bấu)

1. Nôm form of bấu (“not; not at all”).

   斉福否欣坪

   Te̱ phúc bấu hăn phắng

   (please add an English translation of this usage example)

References

• Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎^[2] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

Vietnamese

Han character

否: Hán Nôm readings: bĩ, phủ, phầu

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Nôm: bí, bĩ, phủ

References

• Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
• Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
• Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999