倒

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倒 U+5012, 倒
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5012
← 們
[U+5011] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 倓 →
[U+5013]

Translingual

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Han character

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倒 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 人一土弓 (OMGN), four-corner 22200, composition ⿰亻到)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 107, character 27
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 767
  • Dae Jaweon: page 229, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 174, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+5012

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 倒

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 倒
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
s05917
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (刀) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
刀 *taːw
忉 *taːw
魛 *taːw
舠 *taːw
朷 *taːw, *moːɡ
叨 *tuːw, *l̥ʰaːw
倒 *taːwʔ, *taːws
到 *taːws
菿 *taːws, *rtaːwɢ
鞀 *deːw
鳭 *rteːw, *teːw
灱 *hreːw
菬 *sdew, *tjewʔ
超 *tʰew
怊 *tʰew, *tʰjew
欩 *tʰew
召 *dews, *djews
昭 *tjew
招 *tjew
鉊 *tjew
沼 *tjewʔ
照 *tjews
詔 *tjews
炤 *tjews
弨 *tʰjew, *tʰjewʔ
眧 *tʰjewʔ
韶 *djew
佋 *djew, *djewʔ
軺 *djew, *lew
玿 *djew
柖 *djew
紹 *djewʔ
袑 *djewʔ
綤 *djewʔ
邵 *djews
劭 *djews
卲 *djews
刁 *teːw
芀 *teːw, *deːw
貂 *teːw
蛁 *teːw
迢 *deːw
苕 *deːw
髫 *deːw
岧 *deːw

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taːwʔ, *taːws) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 到 (OC *taːws).

Pronunciation 1

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Note:
  • do2 - vernacular;
  • dao2 - literary.
Rime
Character 倒
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 豪 (89)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 都晧切
Baxter tawX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tɑuX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tɑuX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tɑuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tawX/
Li
Rong 		/tɑuX/
Wang
Li 		/tɑuX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/tɑuX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		dǎo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		dou2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 倒
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		dǎo
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tawX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tˁawʔ/
English turn upside down (v.i.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 倒
Reading # 1/2
No. 2114
Phonetic
component 		刀
Rime
group 		宵
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		倒
Old
Chinese 		/*taːwʔ/
Notes 見漢賦

Definitions

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倒

  1. to fall; to fall over; to fall down
  2. to collapse; to fall in
  3. to lie down; to recline
  4. to fail; to be on the decline
  5. to be damaged; to malfunction
  6. to go bankrupt; to close down
  7. to sell out; to sell up; to give up for money
  8. to buy and resell for a profit
  9. to stop; to discontinue
  10. to move; to move around
  11. to change; to switch over
  12. (Cantonese) to pour out; to tip; to dump
    倒垃圾 [Cantonese]  ―  dou2 laap6 saap3 [Jyutping]  ―  to take out the trash
  13. (dated Internet slang) to be astonished (hyperbolically to the extent that one fells down); to be left speechless
    我倒，還有這樣的。 [MSC, trad.]
    我倒，还有这样的。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ dǎo, hái yǒu zhèyàng de. [Pinyin]
    Oh hell. I can't believe there's such a thing.
  14. (Southwestern Mandarin) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 躺 (“to lie; to recline”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 寢, 臥
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 躺, 臥, 躺臥
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 躺, 歪
Taiwan 躺
Singapore 躺
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 躺
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 睡, 躺
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 躺, 睡
Wuhan 睡
Guilin 躺
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 躺, 睡
Hefei 睡, 躺
Cantonese Guangzhou 瞓
Hong Kong 瞓
Taishan 眠
Kaiping (Chikan) 眠
Yangjiang 睡
Singapore (Guangfu) 瞓
Gan Nanchang 睏
Hakka Meixian 眠, 抗
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 睡
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 眠
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 睡
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 睡
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 睡
Jin Taiyuan 躺, 睡
Northern Min Jian'ou 倒
Eastern Min Fuzhou 倒
Southern Min Xiamen 倒
Quanzhou 倒
Zhangzhou 倒
Penang (Hokkien) 倒
Singapore (Hokkien) 倒
Chaozhou 倒
Shantou 夗
Jieyang 夗
Wu Suzhou 睏
Wenzhou 翻, 倒
Xiang Changsha 睏
Shuangfeng 睏

Compounds

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Pronunciation 2

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Note:
  • tò/tò͘ - literary;
  • tàu - vernacular.
Rime
Character 倒
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 豪 (89)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 都導切
Baxter tawH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tɑuH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tɑuH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tɑuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tawH/
Li
Rong 		/tɑuH/
Wang
Li 		/tɑuH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/tɑuH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		dào
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		dou3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 倒
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		dào
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tawH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tˁawʔ-s/
English turn over, invert; pour

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 倒
Reading # 2/2
No. 2116
Phonetic
component 		刀
Rime
group 		宵
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		到
Old
Chinese 		/*taːws/

Definitions

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倒

  1. to put upside down; to invert; to be inverted
  2. to reverse; to move backwards; to turn back
  3. upside down; inverted; flipped; reversed
  4. to pour out; to dump; to empty
    倒垃圾  ―  dào lājī  ―  to take out the trash
  5. to cast; to mould
  6. contrary to expectation; conversely; on the contrary; instead
  7. particle indicating contrast; but; however
  8. particle used after a ‹verb + 得› structure to indicate it is contrary to the actual situation, implying blame; then
  9. particle used in a subordinate clause at the beginning of a sentence to indicate concession; quite
  10. particle used in an imperative sentence to indicate impatience
  11. particle used to soften the tone
  12. (Southern Min) left (direction)

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 左 (“left”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 左
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 左
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 左
Taiwan 左
Chengde 左
Chifeng 左
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 左
Heihe 左
Qiqihar 左
Harbin 左
Jiamusi 左
Baicheng 左
Changchun 左
Tonghua 左
Shenyang 左
Jinzhou 左
Malaysia 左
Singapore 左
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 左
Tangshan 左
Cangzhou 左
Baoding 左
Shijiazhuang 左
Lijin 左
Jinan 左
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 左
Dandong 左
Yantai 左
Qingdao 左
Zhucheng 左
Central Plains Mandarin Lingbao 左
Jining 左
Wanrong 左
Linfen 左
Shangqiu 左
Yuanyang 左
Zhengzhou 左
Xinyang 左
Baihe 左
Xi'an 左
Baoji 左
Tianshui 左
Xining 左
Xuzhou 左
Fuyang 左
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 左
Lanzhou 左
Dunhuang 左
Hami 左
Ürümqi 左
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 左
Nanchong 左
Dazhou 左
Hanyuan 左
Xichang 左
Zigong 左
Chongqing 左
Wuhan 左
Yichang 左
Xiangyang 左
Tianmen 左
Guiyang 左
Zunyi 左
Bijie 左
Liping 左
Zhaotong 左
Dali 左
Kunming 左
Mengzi 左
Guilin 左
Liuzhou 左
Jishou 左
Changde 左
Hanzhong 左
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 左
Yangzhou 左
Lianyungang 左
Lianshui 左
Nantong 左
Anqing 左
Wuhu 左
Hefei 左
Hong'an 左
Cantonese Guangzhou 左
Hong Kong 左
Macau 左
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 左
Singapore (Guangfu) 左
Gan Nanchang 左
Lichuan 左
Huizhou Shexian 左
Jin Taiyuan 左
Yangyuan 左
Datong 左
Xinzhou 左
Lüliang (Lishi) 左
Changzhi 左
Linhe 左
Jining 左
Hohhot 左
Erenhot 左
Pingshan 左
Zhangjiakou 左
Handan 左
Linzhou 左
Suide 左
Eastern Min Fuzhou 左
Southern Min Xiamen 倒
Quanzhou 倒
Zhangzhou 倒
Taipei 倒
New Taipei (Sanxia) 倒
Kaohsiung 倒
Yilan 倒
Changhua (Lukang) 倒
Taichung 倒
Tainan 倒
Hsinchu 倒
Kinmen 倒
Penghu (Magong) 倒
Penang (Hokkien) 倒
Singapore (Hokkien) 倒
Manila (Hokkien) 倒
Chaozhou 倒
Shantou 倒
Jieyang 倒
Singapore (Teochew) 倒
Wenchang 左
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 左

Antonyms

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(antonym(s) of “left”): (Hokkien, Teochew) 正 (chiàⁿ, “right”)

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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倒

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. overthrow

Readings

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Korean

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Hanja

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倒 (eumhun 넘어질 도 (neomeojil do))

  1. hanja form? of 도 (“fall over”)
  2. hanja form? of 도 (“lie down”)
  3. hanja form? of 도 (“take turns”)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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倒: Hán Nôm readings: đảo

  1. overturn
  2. dip
  3. transfer

Derived terms

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