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U+4EA5, 亥
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EA5

[U+4EA4]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+4EA6]

Translingual

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Stroke order

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 8, +4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 卜女竹人 (YVHO), four-corner 00802, composition 𠂈 or 𠀔)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 88, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 292
  • Dae Jaweon: page 186, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 283, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+4EA5

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
2nd round simp. ⿻⿻一𠃋人
alternative forms
𠀅
𢁓
𢁳
𠦇

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts



References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Pictogram (象形) – depiction uncertain. Some propose it depicts a plant's roots underground, possibly as the original form of (OC *kɯː, *krɯː). Others propose it is an animal, similar in origin to .

Etymology

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Smith (2011) groups (OC *ɡɯːʔ) in a word-family meaning "root, germ, generative core" along with (OC *kɯ:, “grassroot”) > (OC *kɯːn, “root”), (OC *ɡrɯːɡ, “germ, kernel”), (OC *ɡrɯː, “(human) bones”), and (OC *ɡɯː, “child”). He suggests the derivation 荄根 "germ, sprout, root (n.)" → 孩 "to sprout" → 亥 "sprouting stage", i.e. "the moon’s first appearance", recalling 月芽 lit. "moon sprout" > "crescent moon".

See () for further etymology.

Later (hài) and (shǐ, “pig”) graphically converged.

As for (OC *ɡɯːʔ)'s phonological association with the pig. Compare the following:

Ferlus (2013) notes (OC *ɡɯːʔ) is a possible match to the Austroasiatic root, but there should be a final sonorant in Old Chinese.

Pronunciation

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  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /xai⁵¹/
Harbin /xai⁵³/
/xai²⁴/
Tianjin /xai⁵³/
Jinan /xɛ²¹/
Qingdao /xɛ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /xai⁴²/
Xi'an /xai⁴⁴/
Xining /xɛ²¹³/
Yinchuan /xɛ¹³/
Lanzhou /xɛ¹³/
Ürümqi /xai⁵¹/
Wuhan /xai³⁵/
Chengdu /xai¹³/
/xe³¹/
Guiyang /xai²¹³/
Kunming /xæ²¹²/
Nanjing /xae⁴⁴/
Hefei /xe̞⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /xai⁴⁵/
Pingyao /xæ⁵³/
Hohhot /xɛ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ɦe²³/
Suzhou /ɦe̞³¹/
Hangzhou /ɦe̞¹³/
Wenzhou /ɦe³⁵/
Hui Shexian /xɛ²²/
Tunxi /xa²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /xai⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /ɦai²¹/
Gan Nanchang /hai²¹/
Hakka Meixian /hoi⁵³/
Taoyuan /hoi⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /hɔi²²/
Nanning /hɔi²²/
Hong Kong /hɔi²²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /hai²²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /hɑi²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /xuɛ⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /hai³⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /hai³³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (33)
Final () (41)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter hojX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɦʌiX/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɦəiX/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɣɒiX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɦəjX/
Li
Rong
/ɣᴀiX/
Wang
Li
/ɣɒiX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ɣɑ̆iX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
hài
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
hoi6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
hài
Middle
Chinese
‹ hojX ›
Old
Chinese
/*[ɡ]ˁəʔ/
English 12th earthly branch

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 4828
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɡɯːʔ/
Notes

Definitions

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  1. (obsolete) grass root
  2. twelfth of twelve earthly branches (十二支)
  3. pig () of the Chinese zodiac
  4. a surname

Coordinate terms

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Compounds

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See also

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(Jinmeiyō kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

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  • Go-on: がい (gai)
  • Kan-on: かい (kai)
  • Kun: (i, ) (wi, , historical)

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term

Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja

From (inoshishi, i, boar).

Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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() (I (Wi)?

  1. the Boar, the twelfth of the twelve Earthly Branches
    Hypernyms: 十二支, 地支
    Coordinate terms: , , , , , , , , , , ,

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
がい
Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese (hojX).

Proper noun

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(がい) (Gai

  1. the Boar, the twelfth of the twelve Earthly Branches
    Hypernyms: 十二支, 地支
    Coordinate terms: , , , , , , , , , , ,

Korean

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Hanja

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(eum (hae))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: hợi

  1. chữ Hán form of Hợi (twelfth of the twelve earthly branches).
    Hypernyms: 地支, 十二支
    Coordinate terms: , , , , , , , , , , ,

Compounds

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