世界
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Chinese
[edit]life; age; generation life; age; generation; era; world; lifetime |
boundary; scope; extent boundary; scope; extent; circles; group; kingdom (taxonomy) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (世界) |
世 | 界 | |
Etymology
[edit]Coined by Buddhist translators (c. 3rd century) to translate Sanskrit लोकधातु (lokadhātu, “world”). In its original Buddhist sense, the word encompassed a range of spatial meanings from a 小世界 (xiǎo shìjiè, “minor world”) with a single sun and moon to the billion-world 三千大千世界 (sānqiān-dàqiān-shìjiè, “trichiliocosm”). Its modern sense dates from Japanese 世界 (sekai) re-adaptation of the word in the nineteenth century and it has since largely displaced the classical 天下 (tiānxià, “all-under-Heaven”) in general usage.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): sai3 gaai3
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): sai1 gai1
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): sai3 gaai3
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): sié-gái
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): se4 gai4
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 1sy5-ka; 5sy-ka / 3syu5-ka5 / 5sy-ka5
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): shr4 gai4
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕˋ ㄐㄧㄝˋ → ㄕˋ ˙ㄐㄧㄝ (toneless final syllable variant)
- Tongyong Pinyin: shìhjie̊
- Wade–Giles: shih4-chieh5
- Yale: shr̀-jye
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyh.jieh
- Palladius: шицзе (šicze)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/ → /ʂʐ̩⁵¹ d͡ʑ̥i̯ɛ¹/
- Homophones:
[Show/Hide] 世界
事界
視界／视界
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: шыҗе (šɨži͡ə, III-III)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂʐ̩⁴⁴ t͡ɕiə⁴⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: sai3 gaai3
- Yale: sai gaai
- Cantonese Pinyin: sai3 gaai3
- Guangdong Romanization: sei3 gai3
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɐi̯³³ kaːi̯³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: sai1 gai1
- Sinological IPA (key): /sai³³ kai³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ-kie
- Hakka Romanization System: sii gie
- Hagfa Pinyim: si4 gie4
- Sinological IPA: /sɨ⁵⁵ ki̯e⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ-kiai
- Hakka Romanization System: sii giai
- Hagfa Pinyim: si4 giai4
- Sinological IPA: /sɨ⁵⁵ ki̯ai̯⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: sheˇ gaiˇ
- Sinological IPA: /ʃe¹¹ kai¹¹/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sié-gái
- Sinological IPA (key): /sie²¹³⁻⁵³ (k-)ɑi²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: se4 gai4 [Phonetic: se1 ai4]
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sa̤̍-ga̍i
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬe⁴²⁻⁵⁵ (k-)ai⁴²/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Wanhua, Kaohsiung, Hsinchu, Taichung, Wuqi, Tainan, Taitung, Lukang, Magong, Yilan, Kinmen, Jinjiang, Philippines, Penang, Singapore)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sè-kài
- Tâi-lô: sè-kài
- Phofsit Daibuun: sea'kaix
- IPA (Singapore): /se²¹⁻⁴² kai²¹/
- IPA (Penang): /se²¹⁻³³ kai²¹/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /se²¹⁻⁴¹ kai²¹/
- IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /se⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kai⁴¹/
- IPA (Kinmen): /se¹²⁻⁵³ kai¹²/
- IPA (Lukang): /se³¹⁻⁵³ kai³¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /se¹¹⁻⁵³ kai¹¹/
- IPA (Xiamen, Tainan, Yilan): /se²¹⁻⁵³ kai²¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sì-kài
- Tâi-lô: sì-kài
- Phofsit Daibuun: sie'kaix
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /si²¹⁻⁵³ kai²¹/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: si3 gai3
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sì kài
- Sinological IPA (key): /si²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kai²¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Wanhua, Kaohsiung, Hsinchu, Taichung, Wuqi, Tainan, Taitung, Lukang, Magong, Yilan, Kinmen, Jinjiang, Philippines, Penang, Singapore)
- Wu
Note: 5sy-ka — "world", extrapolated tone contour from regular sandhi patterns. Rare, chiefly in non-conservative urban Shanghainese.
- Middle Chinese: syejH keajH
Noun
[edit]世界
- world
- 世界地圖／世界地图 ― shìjiè dìtú ― world map
- 世界秩序 ― shìjiè zhìxù ― world order
- 世界紀錄／世界纪录 ― shìjiè jìlù ― world record
- 世界潮流 ― shìjiè cháoliú ― global trend
- 內心世界／内心世界 ― nèixīn shìjiè ― inner world
- 環遊世界／环游世界 ― huányóu shìjiè ― to travel the world
- 世界各地 ― shìjiè gèdì ― all over the world
- 穆斯林世界 ― mùsīlín shìjiè ― Muslim world
- (Buddhism) realm governed by a Buddha
- 十方世界諸佛世尊，去來現在亦復如是。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Lotus Sutra 《正法華經》, translated by Dharmarakṣa c. 3rd century CE
- Shífāng shìjiè zhū fó shìzūn, qù lái xiànzài yì fù rúshì. [Pinyin]
- All Buddhas, the World-Honored Ones, of the worlds of the Ten Directions, and those of the past, future, and present are also thus.
十方世界诸佛世尊，去来现在亦复如是。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (Buddhism) space, universe
- (tarot) the World
- (Northern Wu) place, territory
- 一天世界 [Shanghainese] ― 7iq-thi-sy-ka [Wugniu] ― a mess
Synonyms
[edit]- (world):
- (place):
Derived terms
[edit]- 世界主義／世界主义 (shìjiè zhǔyì)
- 世界人權宣言／世界人权宣言 (Shìjiè Rénquán Xuānyán)
- 世界仔
- 世界公民 (shìjiè gōngmín)
- 世界博覽會／世界博览会 (shìjiè bólǎnhuì)
- 世界大戰／世界大战 (shìjiè dàzhàn)
- 世界屋脊 (shìjiè wūjǐ)
- 世界性 (shìjièxìng)
- 世界時／世界时 (Shìjièshí)
- 世界村 (shìjiècūn)
- 世界波 (shìjièbō)
- 世界盃／世界杯 (shìjièbēi)
- 世界級／世界级 (shìjièjí)
- 世界線／世界线 (shìjièxiàn)
- 世界衛生組織／世界卫生组织 (Shìjiè Wèishēng Zǔzhī)
- 世界觀／世界观 (shìjièguān)
- 世界語／世界语 (shìjièyǔ)
- 世界貿易組織／世界贸易组织 (Shìjiè Màoyì Zǔzhī)
- 世界遺產／世界遗产 (shìjiè yíchǎn)
- 世界銀行／世界银行 (Shìjiè Yínháng)
- 世界音樂／世界音乐 (shìjiè yīnyuè)
- 世錦賽／世锦赛 (shìjǐnsài)
- 做世界 (zuòshìjiè)
- 全世界 (quánshìjiè)
- 大千世界 (dàqiānshìjiè)
- 異世界／异世界 (yìshìjiè)
- 第一世界 (Dì-yī Shìjiè)
- 花花世界 (huāhuāshìjiè)
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Sino-Xenic (世界):
Others:
- → Zhuang: seiqgyaiq
Further reading
[edit]- Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922),
“世界” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].
Adverb
[edit]世界
- (Taiwanese Hokkien) extremely; super
- 世界甜 [Taiwanese Hokkien] ― sè-kài tiⁿ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― super sweet
Further reading
[edit]- “Entry #1355”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
Japanese
[edit]
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 世 | 界 |
| せ Grade: 3 |
かい Grade: 3 |
| goon | kan'on |
Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 世界 (MC syejH keajH), originally a translation of Sanskrit लोकधातु (lokadhātu, “region or part of the world”).[1][2] Compare Hokkien 世界 (sè-kài).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- world
- 世界の各国から
- sekai no kakkoku kara
- from each country of the world
- 1988 July 30 [1984 July 25], Fujiko F. Fujio, “ふたりぼっち [Just the two of us]”, in ポストの中の明日 [Tomorrow in the Letterbox] (藤子不二雄少年SF短編集; 2), 10th edition, volume 2 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 162:
- 目にはみえないが、この世界のほかに無数の世界が重さなりあって存在しているという…………。
- Me ni wa mienai ga, kono sekai no hoka ni musū no sekai ga kasanariatte sonzai shite iru to iu………….
- They say there are countless worlds that coexist with this one even though we can’t really see them….
- Soshite boku wa futatsu no sekai no kyōkai o yabutte kotchi e tobikonde kita n da‼
- And I somehow managed to get across the boundary between our two worlds!!
- 目にはみえないが、この世界のほかに無数の世界が重さなりあって存在しているという…………。
- 1997 June 30 [1980 January 25], Fujiko F. Fujio, “タンポポ空を行く [A Dandelion Soaring in the Sky]”, in ドラえもん [Doraemon], 58th edition, volume 18 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 188:
- はじめて見る広い世界が、楽しみだったわ。
- Hajimete miru hiroi sekai ga, tanoshimi datta wa.
- I was so eager to see the vast world for the first time.
- はじめて見る広い世界が、楽しみだったわ。
- 1999 September 23, “ダーク・ラビット [Dark Rabbit]”, in Vol.5, Konami:
- アメリカンコミックの世界のウサギ。とても素早くちょこまかと動く。
- Amerikan komikku no sekai no usagi. Totemo subayaku chokomaka to ugoku.
- A bunny from the world of American comics. He restlessly leaps up and down like crazy fast.
- アメリカンコミックの世界のウサギ。とても素早くちょこまかと動く。
- 2000 January 27, “トゥーン・アリゲーター [Toon Alligator]”, in Vol.7, Konami:
- アメリカンコミックの世界から現れた、ワニのモンスター。
- Amerikan komikku no sekai kara arawareta, wani no monsutā.
- A crocodilian monster from the world of American comics.
- アメリカンコミックの世界から現れた、ワニのモンスター。
- 世界の各国から
- a metaphorical world (how one lives one's life)
- 彼はこの世界に住んでいないようです。
- Kare wa kono sekai ni sunde inai yō desu.
- It's like he's not living in this world.
- 彼はこの世界に住んでいないようです。
- society, the times
- a realm, a circle, a sphere
- 文学の世界
- bungaku no sekai
- literary circles, the literary world
- 文学の世界
- (Buddhism) the four inner realms of 須弥山 (Shumisen)
- (Buddhism) realm governed by a buddha
- (Buddhism) space, universe
- (tarot) the World
Derived terms
[edit]Derived terms
- 世界遺産条約 (Sekai Isan Jōyaku, “Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage”)
- 世界遺産登録地 (sekai isan tōroku chi, “World Heritage Site”)
- 世界一周旅行 (sekai isshū ryokō, “round-the-world trip”)
- 世界一 (sekaīchi, “best in the world, most (adjective) in the world”)
- 世界観 (sekaikan, “worldview”)
- 世界気象機関 (Sekai Kishō Kikan): the World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
- 世界恐慌 (Sekai Kyōkō, “Great Depression”)
- 世界記録 (sekai kiroku, “world record”)
- 世界銀行 (Sekai Ginkō, “World Bank”)
- 世界語 (sekaigo, “universal language, international language”)
- 世界国家 (sekai kokka)
- 世界史 (sekaishi, “world history”)
- 世界時 (sekaiji): Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), Zulu time, Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)
- 世界資源研究所 (Sekai Shigen Kenkyūsho): the World Resources Institute (WRI)
- 世界自然保護基金 (Sekai Shizen Hogo Kikin): the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF)
- 世界中 (sekaijū, “throughout the world, all the world, worldwide”)
- 世界主義 (sekai shugi, “cosmopolitanism, internationalism”)
- 世界宗教 (sekai shukyō, “world religion”)
- 世界人 (sekaijin, “cosmopolite, person of the world”)
- 世界人権宣言 (Sekai Jinken Sengen, “Universal Declaration of Human Rights”)
- 世界像 (sekaizō)
- 世界選手権大会 (sekai senshuken taikai, “world championship”)
- 世界大戦 (sekai taisen, “world war”)
- 世界知的所有権機関 (Sekai Chiteki Shoyūken Kikan): the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
- 世界連 (sekaizure, “in line with the rest of the world, normal”)
- 世界的 (sekai-teki, “global”)
- 世界博覧会 (Sekai Hakurankai, “World Fair, World Exposition”)
- 世界平和 (sekai heiwa, “world peace”)
- 世界貿易機構 (Sekai Bōeki Kikō): the World Trade Organization (WTO)
- 世界保健機構 (Sekai Hoken Kikō): the World Health Organization (WHO)
- 世界労働組合連盟 (Sekai Rōdō Kumiai Renmei): the World Federation of Trade Unions (WTFU)
- 異世界 (isekai, “different world”)
- 可能世界 (kanō sekai)
- 器世界 (kisekai)
- 旧世界 (kyū-sekai, “Old World”)
- 銀世界 (gin sekai)
- 月世界 (gessekai)
- 実世界 (jissekai)
- 新世界 (shin-sekai, “new world, the New World”)
- 全世界 (zensekai)
- 第一世界 (Daīchi Sekai, “First World”)
- 第二世界 (Daini Sekai, “Second World”)
- 第三世界 (Daisan Sekai, “Third World”)
- 反世界 (hansekai)
- 別世界 (bessekai, “different world, separate world”)
- 世世界 (yosekai)
Idioms
[edit]Idioms
- 世界に余った女は無い (sekai ni amatta onna wa nai): "there are no leftover women in the world" → there is someone for everyone (said particularly to women)
- 世界に鬼は無い (sekai ni oni wa nai): "there are no devils in the world" → the world is not full of heartless people, and there are many kind souls who will lend a hand (compare "the kindness of strangers")
- 世界は大戯場の如し (sekai wa daigijō no gotoshi, “the world is just like a big theatre → all the world's a stage”)
- 世界は張り物 (sekai wa harimono, “the world is starched clothes → it's all about appearances, clothes make the man”)
- 世界は回り持ち (sekai wa mawarimochi, “the world comes in turns → all things come to those who wait, to everything there is a season”)
- 世界半分自惚れしっかり (sekai hanbun unubore shikkari, “of the world, only halfway, but full of conceit → being full of oneself without bothering to learn much about the world”)
- 世界我が物 (sekai wagamono, “the world is one's possession → acting as if one owns the world”)
See also
[edit]See also
Proper noun
[edit]- a female given name
- a surname
References
[edit]- ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
Korean
[edit]| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 世 | 界 |
Noun
[edit]Okinawan
[edit]| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 世 | 界 |
| Grade: 3 | Grade: 3 |
Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 世界 (ɕiᴇiH kˠɛiH). Cognate with Japanese 世界 (sekai).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]世界 (shikē)
Vietnamese
[edit]| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 世 | 界 |
Noun
[edit]世界
Categories:
- Chinese coinages
- Chinese terms calqued from Sanskrit
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